Atlas and Histologic Classification of Tumors of the Rat Mammary Gland

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia - Tập 5 - Trang 187-200 - 2000
Jose Russo1, Irma H. Russo1
1Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia

Tóm tắt

Studies performed in experimental animal models have demonstrated that mammary cancer is a complex multistep process that can be induced either by chemicals, radiation, viruses, or genetic factors. Rodent models have been useful for dissecting the initiation, promotion, and progression steps of mammary carcinogenesis. Chemically induced mammary tumors, such as those induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, are, in general, hormone-dependent adenocarcinomas whose incidence, number of tumors per animal, tumor latency, and tumor type are influenced by the age, reproductive history, and endocrinologic milieu of the host at the time of carcinogen exposure as well as by diet and the dose of carcinogen administered. There is a need to classify tumors according to their histopathological type because those characteristics have implications in the interpretation of experimental data. In the classification presented here we attempt to provide a working framework for diagnosis of the type of lesions found in the mammary glands of rats treated with chemical carcinogens or radiation and to clarify criteria for establishing the basic biological characteristics of tumors.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

J. Russo, J. Saby, W. M. Isenberg, and I. H. Russo (1977). Pathogenesis of mammary carcinomas induced in rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 59:435–445.

J. Russo, G. Wilgus, and I. H. Russo (1979). Susceptibility of the mammary gland to carcinogenesis. 1. Differentiation of the mammary gland as determinant of tumor incidence and type of lesion. Am. J. Pathol. 96:721–734.

I. H. Russo and J. Russo (1978). Developmental stage of the rat mammary gland as determinant of its susceptibility to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 61:1439–1449.

I. H. Russo and J. Russo (1996). Mammary gland neoplasia in long-term rodent studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 104:938–967.

S. Nandi, R. C. Guzman, and J. Yang (1995). Hormones and mammary carcinogenesis in mice, rats and humans: A unifying hypothesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:3650–3657.

D. K. Sinha, J. E. Patzik, and T. L. Dao (1983). Progression of rat mammary development with age and its relationship to carcinogenesis by a chemical carcinogen. Int. J. Cancer 31:321–327.

P. M. Gullino, H. M. Pettigrew, and F. H. Granthan (1975). N-Nitrosomethylurea as mammary gland carcinogen in rats. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 64:401–414.

M. J. van Zwieten (1984). The Rat as an Animal Model in Breast Cancer Research, Martinus Nijhoff, Boston.

J. Russo, J. Saby, and W. Isenberg (1976). Early signs of malignant transformation in rat mammary carcinoma. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 17:116.

J. Russo and I. H. Russo (1978). DNA-labeling index and structure of the rat mammary gland as determinants of its susceptibility to carcinogenesis. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 61:1451–1459.

J. Russo and I. H. Russo (1980). Influence of differentiation and cell kinetics on the susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 40:2677–2687.

J. Russo and I. H. Russo (1987). Biology of disease. Biological and molecular bases of mammary carcinogenesis. Lab. Invest. 57:112–137.

J. Russo, L. K. Tay, and I. H. Russo (1982). Differentiation of the mammary gland and susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2:5–73.

J. Russo, L. Tait, and I. H. Russo (1983). Susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to carcinogenesis. III.—The cell of origin of rat mammary carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 113:50–66.

J. Russo, I. H. Russo, M. T. van Zwieten, A. E. Rogers, and B. Gusterson (1989). Classification of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the rat mammary gland. In T. C. Jones, U. Mohr, and R. D. Hunt (eds.), Integument and Mammary Glands of Laboratory Animals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 275–304.

J. Russo, B. A. Gusterson, A. E. Rogers, I. H. Russo, S. R. Wellings, and M. J. van Zwieten (1990). Comparative study of human and rat mammary tumorigenesis. Lab. Invest. 62:1–32.

E. R. Fisher, R. M. Gregorio, and B. Fisher (1975). The pathology of invasive breast cancer. A syllabus derived from findings of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (protocol no 4). Cancer 36:1–85.

J. Rosai (1981). Ackerman's Surgical Pathology, Mosby, St. Louis, pp. 1087–1149.

S. S. Brem, H.M. Jensen, and P. M. Gullino (1978). Angiogenesis as a marker of preneoplastic lesions of the human breast. Cancer 41:239–244.

A. Maiorana and P. M. Gullino (1978). Acquisition of angiogenic capacity and neoplastic transformation in the rat mammary gland. Cancer Res. 38:4409–4414.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia

Tập 5

187-200

Thông tin tác giả