Nesting success of birds from Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragments
Tóm tắt
Several aspects of the ecology of tropical birds remain unresolved both descriptively and experimentally, in spite of the high diversity of birds and the high deforestation rates. Here, I evaluate, apparently for the first time, nesting success and predation levels of open and closed-cupped nesting birds in an avian community from Atlantic Forest fragments in southeastern Brazil. The monitoring of 257 nests of more than 22 species from 1995 to 1999 revealed that overall apparent nest success (42.4%) was in the upper range for tropical species. Daily survival rates (DSR) for 18 species ranged from 0.900–0.987. Total average survival probability was 55.9 for open cup and 60.1% for closed nests. There was no evidence for an edge effect on the success of either open cup or closed nests. Against predictions, apparent success of closed nests (43.6%) did not differ from open cup nests (38.1%). However, there were differences in apparent success within three types of closed nests. Closed nests higher above the ground had greater apparent nest success than lower nests, but this pattern did not occur for open cup nests. This study demonstrates that some patterns of nesting success might not hold for all Neotropical sites, especially disturbed ones.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aguilar T.M. 2001. Biologia reprodutiva e seleção de habitat por Leptopogon amaurocephalus (Aves, Tyrannidae), em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica em Minas Gerais. M.Sc. Dissertation. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Aguilar T.M., Leite L.O. & Marini M.Â. 1999. Biologia da nidificação de Lathrotriccus euleri (Cabanis, 1968) (Tyrannidae) em fragmentos de mata de Minas Gerais. Ararajuba 7: 125–133.
Aguilar T.M., Maldonado-Coelho M. & Marini M.Â. 2000. Nesting biology of the Gray-hooded Flycatcher (Mionectes rufiventris). Ornitología Neotropical 11: 223–230.
Anciães M., Aguilar T.M., Leite L.O., Andrade R.D. & Marini M.Â. 2012. Nesting biology of the Yellow-Olive Flatbill (Tyrannidae, Elaninae) in Atlantic Forest fragments in Brazil. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 124: 547–557.
Auer S.K., Bassar R.D., Fontaine J.J. & Martin T.E. 2007. Breeding biology of passerines in a subtropical montane forest in northwestern Argentina. Condor 109: 321–333.
Bennett P.M. & Owens I.P.F. 2002. Evolutionary ecology of birds: life history, mating system and extinction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Borges F.J.A. & Marini M.Â. 2010. Birds nesting survival in disturbed and protected Neotropical savannas. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 223–236.
Brawn J.D., Angehr G., Davros N., Robinson W.D., Styrsky J.N. & Tarwater C.E. 2011. Sources of variation in the nesting success of understory tropical birds. Journal of Avian Biology 42: 61–68.
CETEC. 1996. Desenvolvimento de tecnologia para o manejo de espécies nativas e recuperação de áreas degradadas de proteção das captações da Copasa Mutuca e Barreiro. Relatório Técnico Final. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fundação Centro Tecnológico de Minas Gerais.
del Hoyo J., Elliot A., Sargatal J., Christie D.A. & de Juana E. (eds.). 2017. Handbook of the birds of the world alive. Barcelona: Lynx Editions (http://www.hbw.com).
Duca C., Gonçalves J. & Marini M.Â. 2001. Predação de ninhos artificiais em fragmentos de matas de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ararajuba 9: 113–117.
Duca C. & Marini M.Â. 2004. Aspectos da nidificação de Cacicus haemorrhous (Passeriformes, Icterinae) no sudeste do Brasil. Ararajuba 12: 23–30.
Duca C. & Marini M.Â. 2008. Breeding success of Cacicus haemorrhous (Linnaeus) (Aves: Icteridae) in different environments in an Atlantic Forest reserve in southeast Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25: 165–171.
França L.C. & Marini M.Â. 2009. Teste do efeito de borda na predação de ninhos naturais e artificiais no Cerrado. Zoologia 26: 241–250.
França L.F., Silva C.M. & Paiva L.V. 2016. Effects of intrinsic and time-specific factors on daily nest survival of birds in a semiarid area of South America (Caatinga). Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 24: 228–234.
Gates J.E. & Gysel L.W. 1978. Avian nest dispersion and fledging success in field-forest ecotones. Ecology 59: 871–883.
Heming N.M., Greeney H.F. & Marini M.Â. 2013. Breeding biology research and data availability for New World flycatchers. Natureza & Conservação 11: 54–58.
Hensler G.L. & Nichols J.D. 1981. The Mayfield method of estimating nesting success: a model, estimators and simulation results. Wilson Bulletin 93: 42–53.
Lack D. 1948. The significance of clutch size. Part III. Some interspecific comparisons. Ibis 90: 25–45.
Lahti D.C. 2001. The “edge effect on nest predation” hypothesis after twenty years. Biological Conservation 99: 365–374.
Leite L.O. & Marini M.Â. 1999. The effects of forest fragmentation on predation rates of artificial bird nests in Minas Gerais. Ciência e Cultura 51: 34–37.
Li P. & Martin T.E. 1991. Nest-site selection and nesting success of cavity-nesting birds in high elevation forest drainages. Auk 108: 405–418.
Lopes L.E. & Marini M.Â. 2005. Low reproductive success of Campo Suiriri (Suiriri affinis) and Chapada Flycatcher (S. islerorum) in the central Brazilian Cerrado. Bird Conservation International 15: 337–346.
Marini M.Â. 2010. Bird movement in a fragmented Atlantic Forest landscape. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 45: 1–10.
Marini M.Â., Aguilar T.M., Andrade R.D., Leite L.O., Anciães M., Carvalho C.E.A., Duca C., Maldonado-Coelho M., Sebaio F. & Gonçalves J. 2007. Biologia da nidificação de aves do sudeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 15: 367–376.
Marini M.Â., Borges F.J.A., Lopes L.E., Sousa N.O.M., Gressler D.T., Santos L.R., Paiva L.V., Duca C., Manica L.T., Rodrigues S.S., França L.F., Costa P.M., França L.C., Heming N.M., Silveira M.B., Pereira Z.P., Lobo Y., Medeiros R.C.S. & Roper J.J. 2012. Breeding biology of birds in the Cerrado of central Brazil. Ornitología Neotropical 23: 385–405.
Marini M.Â. & Garcia F.I. 2005. Bird conservation in Brazil. Conservation Biology 19: 665–671.
Martin T.E. 1993. Nest predation among vegetation layers and habitat types: revising the dogmas. American Naturalist 141: 897–913.
Martin T.E. 1996. Life history evolution in tropical and south temperate birds: what do we really know? Journal of Avian Biology 27: 263–272.
Martin T.E. & Li P. 1992. Life history traits of open- vs. cavity-nesting birds. Ecology 73: 579–592.
Martin T.E., Martin P.R., Olson C.R., Heidinger B.J. & Fontaine J.J. 2000. Parental care and clutch sizes in North and South American birds. Science 287: 1482–1485.
Mayfield H. 1961. Nesting success calculated from exposure. Wilson Bulletin 73: 255–261.
Mayfield H.F. 1975. Suggestions for calculating nest success. Wilson Bulletin 87: 456–466.
Medeiros R.C.S. & Marini M.Â. 2007. Biologia reprodutiva de Elaenia chiriquensis (Lawrence) (Aves, Tyrannidae) em Cerrado do Brasil central. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24: 12–20.
Melo C. & Marini M.Â. 1997. Predação de ninhos artificiais em fragmentos de matas do Brasil central. Ornitología Neotropical 8: 7–14.
Menezes J.C.T. & Marini M.Â. 2017. Predators of bird nests in the Neotropics: a review. Journal of Field Ornithology 88: 99–114.
Mezquida E.T. & Marone L. 2001. Factors affecting nesting success of a bird assembly in the central Monte Desert, Argentina. Journal of Avian Biology 32: 287–296.
Oniki Y. 1979. Is nesting success of birds low in the tropics? Biotropica 11: 60–69.
Piacentini V.Q., Aleixo A., Agne C.E., Mauricio G.N., Pacheco J.F., Bravo G.A., Brito G.R.R., Naka L.N., Olmos F., Posso S., Silveira L.F., Betini G.S., Carrano E., Franz I., Lees A.C., Lima L.M., Pioli D., Schunck F., Amaral F.R., Bencke G.A., Cohn-Haft M., Figueiredo L.F.A., Straube F.C. & Cesari E. 2015. Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Committee. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 23: 91–298.
Ramo C. & Busto B. 1984. Nidificacion de los Passeriformes en los Llanos de Apure (Venezuela). Biotropica 16: 59–68.
Reynolds J.D. & Knapton R.W. 1984. Nest site selection and breeding biology of the Chipping Sparrow. Wilson Bulletin 96: 488–493.
Ribeiro M.C., Metzger J.P., Martensen A.C., Ponzoni F.J. & Hirota M.M. 2009. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: how much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 142: 1141–1153.
Ricklefs R.E. 1969. An analysis of nesting mortality in birds. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 9: 2–48.
Robinson S.K. 1985. Coloniality in the Yellow-rumped Cacique as a defense against nest predators. Auk 102: 506–519.
Robinson S.K. 1989. Population dynamics of breeding Neotropical migrants in fragmented Illinois landscape, p. 408–418. In: Hagan-III J.M. & Johnston D.W. (eds.). Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrant landbirds. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Robinson S.K., Thompson-III F.R., Donovan T.M., Whitehead D.R. & Faaborg J. 1995. Regional forest fragmentation and the nesting success of migratory birds. Science 267: 1987–1990.
Robinson W.D., Robinson T.R., Robinson S.K. & Brawn J.D. 2000. Nesting success of understory forest birds in central Panama. Journal of Avian Biology 31: 151–164.
Santo T.L., Willson M.F., Bartecchi K.M. & Weinstein J. 2003. Variation in nest sites, nesting success, territory size, and frequency of polygyny in Winter Wrens in northern temperate coniferous forests. Wilson Bulletin 115: 29–37.
Skutch A.F. 1985. Clutch size, nesting success, and predation on nests of Neotropical birds, reviewed. Ornithological Monographs 36: 575–594.
Snow D.W. 1962. A field study of the Black and White Manakin, Manacus manacus, in Trinidad. Zoologica 47: 65–104.
Tabarelli M. & Mantovani W. 1997. Predação de ovos e remoção de propágulos em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica, ES–Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 57: 699–707.
Tabarelli M., Pinto L.P., Silva J.M.C., Hirota M. & Bedê L. 2005. Challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Conservation Biology 19: 695–700.
Vetter D., Rücker G. & Storch I. 2013. A meta-analysis of tropical forest edge effects on bird nest predation risk: edge effects in avian nest predation. Biological Conservation 159: 382–395.
Young B.E., Sherry T.W., Sigel B.J. & Woltmann S. 2008. Nesting success of Costa Rican lowland rain forest birds in response to edge and isolation effects. Biotropica 40: 615–622.