C/SiO2 and C/SiC composite foam monoliths from rice husk for thermal insulation and EMI shielding

Carbon Letters - Tập 32 - Trang 639-651 - 2021
A. Chithra1,2, R. Rajeev2, K. Prabhakaran1
1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
2Analytical and Spectroscopy Division, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India

Tóm tắt

Preparation of advanced functional materials from agricultural waste by eco-friendly processing route is inevitable for sustainable development. This work demonstrates the development of carbon/silica (C/SiO2) and carbon/silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite foam monoliths of low thermal conductivity, high EMI shielding performance and reasonable compressive strength from rice husk. The C/SiO2 and C/SiC composite foams are obtained by carbonization and subsequent carbothermal reduction, respectively, of rice husk–sucrose composites consolidated by filter-pressing rice husk powder dispersed in sucrose solutions of various concentrations (300–600 g L−1). The amorphous nature of silica in C/SiO2 and the presence of β-SiC in C/SiC are evidenced from XRD and TEM analysis. The compressive strength and thermal conductivity are depending on the foam density which is tailored by sucrose solution concentration. The compressive strength in the ranges of 0.32–1.67 and 0.19–1.19 MPa are observed for C/SiO2 and C/SiC foams, respectively, with density in the ranges of 0.26–0.37 and 0.18–0.29 g cm−3. The C/SiO2 and C/SiC exhibited thermal conductivity in the ranges of 0.150–0.205 W m−1 K−1 and 0.165–0.431 W m−1 K−1, respectively. The C/SiO2 and C/SiC composite foams show absorption dominated EMI shielding effectiveness in the ranges of 18–38.5 dB and 20–43.7 dB, respectively. The inherent pore channels and corrugated surface structure in rice husk, electrically conducting carbon and dielectric SiO2 and SiC contribute to the total EMI shielding.

Tài liệu tham khảo

O Mesalhy K Lafdi A Elgafy 2006 Carbon foam matrices saturated with PCM for thermal protection purposes Carbon N Y 44 2080 2088 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.019 NC Gallego JW Klett 2003 Carbon foams for thermal management Carbon N Y 41 1461 1466 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00091-5 S Farhan R Wang H Jiang K Li 2016 Use of waste rigid polyurethane for making carbon foam with fireproofing and anti-ablation properties Mater Des 101 332 339 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.008 A Chithra P Wilson S Vijayan 2020 Carbon foams with low thermal conductivity and high EMI shielding effectiveness from sawdust Ind Crops Prod 145 112076 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112076 X He Z Tang Y Zhu J Yang 2013 Fabrication of carbon foams with low thermal conductivity using the protein foaming method Mater Lett 94 55 57 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.12.023 G Amaral-Labat E Gourdon V Fierro A Pizzi A Celzard 2013 Acoustic properties of cellular vitreous carbon foams Carbon N Y 8 1 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.033 Gaeta R (2012) The sound absorbing potential of carbon-graphite foam. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-2405 Z Fang C Li J Sun 2007 The electromagnetic characteristics of carbon foams Carbon N Y 45 2873 2879 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.10.013 Y-Y Wang Z-H Zhou C-G Zhou 2020 Lightweight and robust carbon nanotube/polyimide foam for efficient and heat-resistant electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorption ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12 8704 8712 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b21048 Stojanovska E, Calisir MD, Ozturk ND, Kilic A (2019) 3—carbon-based foams: preparation and applications. In: Khan A, Jawaid M, Inamuddin, Asiri AMBT-N and its C (eds) Woodhead publishing series in composites science and engineering. Woodhead Publishing, pp 43–90 SA Song Y Lee YS Kim SS Kim 2017 Mechanical and thermal properties of carbon foam derived from phenolic foam reinforced with composite particles Compos Struct 173 1 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.04.001 M Wang C Wang T Li Z Hu 2007 Preparation of mesophase-pitch-based carbon foams at low pressures Carbon 6 4 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.10.038 A Sharma R Kumar VK Patle 2020 Phenol formaldehyde resin derived carbon-MCMB composite foams for electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management applications Compos Commun 22 100433 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100433 W Yan- 2016 Effects of heating rate on the foaming behavior and pore structure of carbon foams derived from phenol-formaldehyde resin Carbon N Y 110 523 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.08.073 RSR da Silva SS Oishi EC Botelho NG Ferreira 2020 Carbon foam composites based on expanded graphite for electrochemical application Diam Relat Mater 103 107730 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107730 M Liu L Gan F Zhao 2007 Carbon foams with high compressive strength derived from polyarylacetylene resin Carbon N Y 45 3055 3057 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2007.10.003 M Inagaki T Morishita A Kuno 2004 Carbon foams prepared from polyimide using urethane foam template Carbon N Y 42 497 502 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2003.12.080 Focke WW, Badenhorst H, Ramjee S, et al (2014) Graphite foam from pitch and expandable graphite. Carbon N Y 73:41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.035 L Zhang M Liu S Roy 2016 Phthalonitrile-based carbon foam with high specific mechanical strength and superior electromagnetic interference shielding performance ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8 7422 7430 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b12072 X Ye Z Chen S Ai 2019 Novel three-dimensional SiC/melamine-derived carbon foam-reinforced SiO2 aerogel composite with low dielectric loss and high impedance matching ratio ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7 2774 2783 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05966 B Nagel S Pusz B Trzebicka 2014 Review: tailoring the properties of macroporous carbon foams J Mater Sci 49 1 17 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7678-x M Inagaki J Qiu Q Guo 2015 Carbon foam: preparation and application Carbon N Y 87 128 152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.02.021 G Harikrishnan T UmasankarPatro DV Khakhar 2007 Reticulated vitreous carbon from polyurethane foam-clay composites Carbon N Y 45 531 535 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.10.019 H-M Lü Z-H Shi C Zhao P Wei 2010 Preparation and mechanism analysis of hollow microspheres/reticulated composite carbon foam Acta Phys Sin 59 7956 7960 R Narasimman S Vijayan KS Dijith 2016 Carbon composite foams with improved strength and electromagnetic absorption from sucrose and multi-walled carbon nanotube Mater Chem Phys 181 538 548 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.06.091 R Luo Y Ni J Li 2011 The mechanical and thermal insulating properties of resin-derived carbon foams reinforced by K2Ti6O13 whiskers Mater Sci Eng A 528 2023 2027 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.10.106 H-G Shi T Wang J-B Cheng 2021 Ultralow-density carbon foam composites with bean-like Co-embedded carbon nanotube whiskers towards high-performance microwave absorption J Alloys Compd 863 158090 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158090 X Hong Y Lu S Li 2019 Carbon foam@reduced graphene oxide scaffold grown with polyaniline nanofibers for high performance symmetric supercapacitor Electrochim Acta 294 376 382 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.133 MJH Worthington RL Kucera JM Chalker 2017 Green chemistry and polymers made from sulfur Green Chem 19 2748 2761 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC00014F TA Hottle MM Bilec AE Landis 2013 Sustainability assessments of bio-based polymers Polym Degrad Stab 98 1898 1907 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.06.016 G Coste C Negrell S Caillol 2020 From gas release to foam synthesis, the second breath of blowing agents Eur Polym J 140 110029 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110029 R Narasimman K Prabhakaran 2012 Preparation of low density carbon foams by foaming molten sucrose using an aluminium nitrate blowing agent Carbon N Y 50 1999 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.12.058 M Letellier J Macutkevic A Paddubskaya 2015 Tannin-based carbon foams for electromagnetic applications IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 57 989 995 https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2015.2430370 G Tondi M Link C Kolbitsch 2016 Lignin-based foams: production process and characterization BioResources 11 2972 2986 https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.2.2972-2986 P Wilson S Vijayan K Prabhakaran 2017 Carbon foams with a triplex pore structure by compression molding of molten sucrose–NaCl powder pastes Carbon N Y 118 545 555 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.03.084 A Chithra P Wilson S Vijayan 2018 Robust thermally insulating carbon-gehlenite composite foams from newspaper waste and sucrose by filter-pressing Mater Des 160 65 73 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.09.005 S Muthukrishnan S Gupta HW Kua 2019 Application of rice husk biochar and thermally treated low silica rice husk ash to improve physical properties of cement mortar Theor Appl Fract Mech 104 102376 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.102376 Gidde M, Jivani A (2007) Waste to wealth -potential of rice husk in India a literature review. In: Proceeding int conf clean technol environ manag Y Liu Y Guo W Gao 2012 Simultaneous preparation of silica and activated carbon from rice husk ash J Clean Prod 32 204 209 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.03.021 N Gautam G Kate A Chaurasia 2021 Upgrading of rice husk char obtained by pyrolysis process to amorphous silica and activated carbon Mater Today Proc 39 1382 1385 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.859 V Jittin A Bahurudeen SD Ajinkya 2020 Utilisation of rice husk ash for cleaner production of different construction products J Clean Prod 263 121578 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121578 L Hu Z He S Zhang 2020 Sustainable use of rice husk ash in cement-based materials: environmental evaluation and performance improvement J Clean Prod 264 121744 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121744 S Janbuala A Mana L Pitak 2012 Effect of rice husk and rice husk ash to properties of bricks Procedia Eng 32 1061 1067 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.02.055 S Sembiring W Simanjuntak R Situmeang 2016 Preparation of refractory cordierite using amorphous rice husk silica for thermal insulation purposes Ceram Int 42 8431 8437 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.02.062 Y Mochizuki J Bud J Liu N Tsubouchi 2020 Production of silicone tetrachloride from rice husk by chlorination and performance of mercury adsorption from aqueous solution of the chlorinated residue ACS Omega 5 29110 29120 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03789 S Bose MA Ganayee B Mondal 2018 Synthesis of silicon nanoparticles from rice husk and their use as sustainable fluorophores for white light emission ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6 6203 6210 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04911 ST Alweendo OT Johnson MB Shongwe 2019 Synthesis, optimization and characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) from rice husk Procedia Manuf 35 962 967 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.042 D Hernández-Martínez AA Leyva-Verduzco F Rodríguez-Félix 2020 Obtaining and characterization of silicon(Si) from wheat husk ash for its possible application in solar cells J Clean Prod 271 122698 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122698 IA Rahman FL Riley 1989 The control of morphology in silicon nitride powder prepared from rice husk J Eur Ceram Soc 5 11 22 https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2219(89)90004-6 KS Swarnalakshmi P Chinnaiyan S Nivetha AS Nair 2018 Use of rice husk ash as an adsorbent to remove contaminants in water and comparison with advanced oxidation process—a study Mater Today Proc 5 24248 24257 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.220 N Shukla D Sahoo N Remya 2019 Biochar from microwave pyrolysis of rice husk for tertiary wastewater treatment and soil nourishment J Clean Prod 235 1073 1079 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.042 R Arjmandi A Hassan K Majeed Z Zakaria 2015 Rice husk filled polymer composites Int J Polym Sci 2015 501471 https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/501471 K Ahmed SS Nizami NZ Riza 2014 Reinforcement of natural rubber hybrid composites based on marble sludge/silica and marble sludge/rice husk derived silica J Adv Res 5 165 173 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2013.01.008 Majeed K, Arjmandi R, AlMa’adeed M et al (2017) Structural properties of rice husk and its polymer matrix composites: an overview. In: Lignocellulosic fibre and biomass-based composite materials: processing, properties and applications, pp 473–490 CN Barnakov GP Khokhlova AN Popova 2015 XRD characterization of the structure of graphites and carbon materials obtained by the low-temperature graphitization of coal tar pitch Eurasian Chem J 17 87 93 https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj198 M Lodhe A Selvam A Udayakumar M Balasubramanian 2015 Effect of polycarbosilane addition to a mixture of rice husk and coconut shell on SiC whisker growth Ceram Int https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.10.037 J-P Chen G Song Z Liu 2020 Preparation of SiC whiskers using graphene and rice husk ash and its photocatalytic property J Alloys Compd 833 155072 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155072 PJ Heard P Flewitt 2015 Study of reticulated vitreous carbon foam as a Quasi-Brittle material Key Eng Mater 665 229 232 Q Liu D Zhang T Fan 2008 Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of porous carbon/Co nanocomposites Appl Phys Lett 93 13110 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2957035 B Shen Y Li D Yi 2016 Microcellular graphene foam for improved broadband electromagnetic interference shielding 102 154 160 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.02.040 Y Li B Shen X Pei 2016 Ultrathin carbon foams for effective electromagnetic interference shielding Carbon N Y 100 375 385 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.01.030 B Quan X Liang G Ji 2017 Dielectric polarization in electromagnetic wave absorption: review and perspective J Alloys Compd 728 1065 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.082 Xia X, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Weng GJ. A theory of electrical conductivity , dielectric constant , and electromagnetic interference shielding for lightweight graphene composite foams S Sankaran K Deshmukh MB Ahamed SK Khadheer Pasha 2018 Recent advances in electromagnetic interference shielding properties of metal and carbon filler reinforced flexible polymer composites: a review Composites A 114 49 71 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.08.006 L Vazhayal P Wilson K Prabhakaran 2019 Waste to wealth: lightweight, mechanically strong and conductive carbon aerogels from waste tissue paper for electromagnetic shielding and CO2 adsorption Chem Eng J 381 122628 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122628 H-D Huang C-Y Liu D Zhou 2015 Cellulose composite aerogel for highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding J Mater Chem A 3 4983 4991 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA05998K X Ma B Shen L Zhang 2019 Novel straw-derived carbon materials for electromagnetic interference shielding: a waste-to-wealth and sustainable initiative ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7 9663 9670 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01288 M Zhu X Yan H Xu 2021 Ultralight, compressible, and anisotropic MXene@Wood nanocomposite aerogel with excellent electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing properties at different directions Carbon N Y 182 806 814 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.06.054 L Wang X Shi J Zhang 2020 Lightweight and robust rGO/sugarcane derived hybrid carbon foams with outstanding EMI shielding performance J Mater Sci Technol https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.029 R Kumar A Sharma A Pandey 2020 Lightweight carbon-red mud hybrid foam toward fire-resistant and efficient shield against electromagnetic interference Sci Rep 10 9913 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66929-3 A Chithra P Wilson S Vijayan 2021 Thermally insulating robust carbon composite foams with high EMI shielding from natural cotton J Mater Sci Technol 94 113 122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.02.064 F Qi L Wang Y Zhang 2021 Robust Ti3C2Tx MXene/starch derived carbon foam composites for superior EMI shielding and thermal insulation Mater Today Phys 21 100512 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2021.100512 Y Yuan Y Ding C Wang 2016 Multifunctional stiff carbon foam derived from bread ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8 16852 16861 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b03985