Serotype-converting bacteriophages and O-antigen modification in Shigella flexneri

1991, Research priorities for diarrhoeal disease vaccines, Bull. WHO, 69, 667 Brahmbhatt, 1992, Shigella lipopolysaccharide: structure, genetics and vaccine development, 45 Hale, 1992, Pathogenesis and immunology in Shigellosis: applications for vaccine development, 117 Lindberg, 1993, Strategies for development of potential candidate Shigella vaccines, Vaccine, 11, 168, 10.1016/0264-410X(93)90014-O Cheah, 1991, Molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the rfb region from Shigella flexneri type 6 in Escherichia coli K-12, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 83, 213, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04442.x-i1 Simmons, 1987, Structure and biology of Shigella flexneri O antigens, J. Med. Microbiol., 23, 289, 10.1099/00222615-23-4-289 Clark, 1991, The oac gene encoding a lipopolysaccharide O-antigen acetylase maps adjacent to the integrase-encoding gene on the genome of Shigella flexneri bacteriophage Sf6, Gene, 107, 43, 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90295-M Guan, 1999, Functional analysis of the O antigen glucosylation gene cluster of Shigella flexneri bacteriophage SfX, Microbiology, 145, 1263, 10.1099/13500872-145-5-1263 Huan, 1997, Molecular characterization of the genes involved in O-antigen modification, attachment, integration and excision in Shigella flexneri bacteriophage SfV, Gene, 195, 217, 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00143-1 Huan, 1997, Shigella flexneri type-specific antigen V: cloning, sequencing and characterization of the glucosyl transferase gene of temperate bacteriophage SfV, Gene, 195, 207, 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00144-3 Mavris, 1997, Mechanism of bacteriophage SfII-mediated serotype conversion in Shigella flexneri, Mol. Microbiol., 26, 939, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.6301997.x Verma, 1991, Molecular characterization of the O-acetyl transferase gene of converting bacteriophage SF6 that adds group antigen 6 to Shigella flexneri, Mol. Microbiol., 5, 71, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01827.x Verma, 1993, Cloning and sequencing of the glucosyl transferase-encoding gene from converting bacteriophage X (SFX) of Shigella flexneri, Gene, 129, 99, 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90702-5 Schnaitman, 1993, Genetics of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in enteric bacteria, Microbiol. Rev., 57, 655, 10.1128/MR.57.3.655-682.1993 Whitfield, 1995, Biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide O antigens, Trends Microbiol., 3, 178, 10.1016/S0966-842X(00)88917-9 Macpherson, 1991, Genetic analysis of the rfb region of Shigella flexneri encoding the Y serotype O-antigen specificity, Mol. Microbiol., 5, 1491, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00795.x Macpherson, 1994, Characterization of the dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic genes encoded in the rfb locus of Shigella flexneri, Mol. Microbiol., 11, 281, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00308.x Morona, 1994, Characterization of the rfc region of Shigella flexneri, J. Bacteriol., 176, 733, 10.1128/jb.176.3.733-747.1994 Reeves, 1996, Bacterial polysaccharide synthesis and gene nomenclature, Trends Microbiol., 4, 495, 10.1016/S0966-842X(97)82912-5 Petrovskaya, 1982, A provisional chromosome map of Shigella and the regions related to pathogenicity, Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung., 29, 41 Adhikari, 1999, Serotype 1a O-antigen modification: molecular characterization of the genes involved and their novel organisation in the Shigella flexneri chromosome, J. Bacteriol., 181, 4711, 10.1128/JB.181.15.4711-4718.1999 Bastin, 1997, Cloning and analysis of the glucosyl transferase gene encoding type I antigen in Shigella flexneri, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 156, 133, 10.1016/S0378-1097(97)00416-3 Guan, 1998, Serotype conversion of a Shigella flexneri candidate vaccine strain via a novel site-specific chromosome-integration system, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 166, 79, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13186.x Blattner, 1997, The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12, Science, 277, 1453, 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453 Morona, 1995, Lipopolysaccharide with an altered O-antigen produced in Escherichia coli K-12 harbouring mutated, cloned Shigella flexneri rfb genes, Mol. Microbiol., 18, 209, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18020209.x Rost, 1995, Transmembrane helices predicted at 95-percent accuracy, Protein Sci., 4, 521, 10.1002/pro.5560040318 Promadej, 1999, Cell wall techoic acid glycosylation in Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b requires gtcA, a novel, serogroup-specific gene, J. Bacteriol., 181, 418, 10.1128/JB.181.2.418-425.1999 Kunst, 1997, The complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Nature, 390, 249, 10.1038/36786 Glaser, 1993, Bacillus subtilis genome project: cloning and sequencing of the 97 kb region from 325 to 333, Mol. Microbiol., 10, 371, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01963.x Liu, 1996, An O-antigen processing function for Wzx (RfbX): a promising candidate for O-unit flippase, J. Bacteriol., 178, 2102, 10.1128/jb.178.7.2102-2107.1996 Nikaido, 1971, Glucosylation of lipopolysaccharide in Salmonella: biosynthesis of O-antigen factor 122, structure of the lipid intermediate, J. Biol. Chem., 246, 3912, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)62120-9 Wright, 1971, Mechanism of conversion of the Salmonella O-antigen by bacteriophage ϵ34, J. Bacteriol., 105, 927, 10.1128/JB.105.3.927-936.1971 Daniels, 1998, Overexpression and topology of the Shigella flexneri O-antigen polymerase (Rfc/Wzy), Mol. Microbiol., 28, 1211, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00884.x Jankowski, 1972, Formation of polyisoprenol phosphate glucose in Shigella flexneri, J. Bacteriol., 112, 1420, 10.1128/JB.112.3.1420-1421.1972 Matsui, 1958, Antigenic changes in Shigella flexneri group by bacteriophage, Jpn. J. Microbiol., 2, 153, 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1958.tb00066.x Giammanco, 1969, Antigenic conversions in Shigella flexneri. 2. Effects of lysogenization of serotype 1, serotype 2, variant X and variant Y cultures by a phage isolated from a serotype 5 culture, Ann. Inst. Pasteur., 117, 16 Slaugh, 1996, Molecular characterization of the oafA locus responsible for acetylation of Salmonella typhimurium O-antigen: OafA is a member of a family of integral membrane trans-acylases, J. Bacteriol., 178, 5904, 10.1128/jb.178.20.5904-5909.1996 Helander, 1992, Separation of two lipopolysaccharide populations with different contents of O-antigen factor 122 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Mol. Microbiol., 6, 2857, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01465.x Kenne, 1978, Structural studies of Shigella flexneri O-antigens, Eur. J. Biochem., 91, 279, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb20963.x Cheetham, 1995, A role for bacteriophages in the evolution and transfer of bacterial virulence determinants, Mol. Microbiol., 18, 201, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18020201.x Karaolis, 1999, A bacteriophage encoding a pathogenicity island, a type-IV pilus and a phage receptor in cholera bacteria, Nature., 399, 375, 10.1038/20715 Morona, 1995, Molecular, genetic, and topological characterization of O-antigen chain length regulation in Shigella flexneri, J. Bacteriol., 177, 1059, 10.1128/jb.177.4.1059-1068.1995