Leptospira and leptospirosis

Adler, 1983, A pomona serogroup-specific, agglutinating antigen in Leptospira, identified by monoclonal antibodies, Pathology, 15, 247, 10.3109/00313028309083501 Ahmed, 2006, Multilocus sequence typing method for identification and genotypic classification of pathogenic Leptospira species, Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 5, 28, 10.1186/1476-0711-5-28 André-Fontaine, 2006, Canine leptospirosis—do we have a problem?, Veterinary Microbiology, 117, 19, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.005 Ballard, 1986, Interactions of virulent and avirulent leptospires with primary cultures of renal epithelial cells, Journal of Medical Microbiology, 21, 59, 10.1099/00222615-21-1-59 Bernard, 1993, Leptospirosis, The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice, 9, 435, 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30410-8 Bharti, 2003, Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance, Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3, 757, 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00830-2 Bolin, 1996, Diagnosis of leptospirosis: a reemerging disease of companion animals, Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Small Animals), 11, 166, 10.1016/S1096-2867(96)80029-6 Bourhy, 2005, Random insertional mutagenesis of Leptospira interrogans, the agent of leptospirosis, using a mariner transposon, Journal of Bacteriology, 187, 3255, 10.1128/JB.187.9.3255-3258.2005 Branger, 2005, Protection against Leptospira interrogans sensu lato challenge by DNA immunization with the gene encoding hemolysin-associated protein 1, Infection and Immunity, 73, 4062, 10.1128/IAI.73.7.4062-4069.2005 Branger, 2001, Identification of the hemolysis-associated protein 1 as a cross-protective immunogen of Leptospira interrogans by adenovirus-mediated vaccination, Infection and Immunity, 69, 6831, 10.1128/IAI.69.11.6831-6838.2001 Brown, 1995, Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of leptospirosis, Journal of Medical Microbiology, 43, 110, 10.1099/00222615-43-2-110 Brown, 2003, Comparison of three different leptospiral vaccines for induction of a type 1 immune response to Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo, Vaccine, 21, 4448, 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00439-0 Bulach, 2006, Genome reduction in Leptospira borgpetersenii reflects limited transmission potential, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 14560, 10.1073/pnas.0603979103 Chen, 1985, Development and present status of leptospiral vaccine and technology of vaccine production in China, Japanese Journal of Bacteriology, 40, 755, 10.3412/jsb.40.755 Choy, 2007, Physiological osmotic induction of Leptospira interrogans adhesion: LigA and LigB bind extracellular matrix proteins and fibrinogen, Infection and Immunity, 75, 2441, 10.1128/IAI.01635-06 Chu, 1998, Identification of Leptospira species in the pathogenesis of uveitis and determination of clinical ocular characteristics in South India, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 177, 1314, 10.1086/515273 Croda, 2008, Targeted mutagenesis in pathogenic Leptospira: disruption of the LigB gene does not affect virulence in animal models of leptospirosis., Infection and Immunity, 76, 5826, 10.1128/IAI.00989-08 Cullen, 2002, Global Analysis of Outer Membrane Proteins from Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai, Infection and Immunity, 70, 10.1128/IAI.70.5.2311-2318.2002 Cullen, 2004, Outer membrane proteins of pathogenic spirochetes, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 28, 291, 10.1016/j.femsre.2003.10.004 Cullen, 2005, Surfaceome of Leptospira spp, Infection and Immunity, 73, 4853, 10.1128/IAI.73.8.4853-4863.2005 De Brito, 1992, Detection of leptospiral antigen (L. interrogans serovar copenhageni serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae) by immunoelectron microscopy in the liver and kidney of experimentally infected guinea pigs, International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 73, 633 Ellis, 1986, Isolation of leptospires from the genital tract and kidneys of aborted sows, Veterinary Record, 118, 294, 10.1136/vr.118.11.294 Faine, 1999 Flannery, 2001, Evaluation of recombinant Leptospira antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the serodiagnosis of Leptospirosis, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 39, 3303, 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3303-3310.2001 Gravekamp, 1993, Detection of seven species of pathogenic Leptospires by PCR using two sets of primers, Journal of General Microbiology, 139, 1691, 10.1099/00221287-139-8-1691 Grooms, 2006, Reproductive losses caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus and leptospirosis, Theriogenology, 66, 624, 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.016 Haake, 1999, Leptospiral outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL41 exhibit synergistic immunoprotection, Infection and Immunity, 67, 6572, 10.1128/IAI.67.12.6572-6582.1999 Hauk, 2008, In LipL32, the major leptospiral lipoprotein, the C terminus is the primary immunogenic domain and mediates interaction with collagen IV and plasma fibronectin, Infection and Immunity, 76, 2642, 10.1128/IAI.01639-07 Herrmann, 1992, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI digests of leptospiral DNA: a new rapid method of serovar identification, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30, 1696, 10.1128/JCM.30.7.1696-1702.1992 Hoke, 2008, LipL32 Is an extracellular matrix-interacting protein of Leptospira spp. and Pseudoalteromonas tunicata, Infection and Immunity, 76, 2063, 10.1128/IAI.01643-07 Jost, 1989, Experimental immunisation of hamsters with lipopolysaccharide antigens of Leptospira interrogans, Journal of Medical Microbiology, 29, 115, 10.1099/00222615-29-2-115 Jost, 1986, A monoclonal antibody reacting with a determinant on leptospiral lipopolysaccharide protects guinea pigs against leptospirosis, Journal of Medical Microbiology, 22, 269, 10.1099/00222615-22-3-269 Kemenes, 1964, Cross-immunity studies on virulent strains of leptospires belonging to different serotypes, Zeitschrift fur Immunitäts - und Allergieforschung, 127, 209 Koizumi, 2004, Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like proteins elicit protective immunity, Vaccine, 22, 1545, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.10.007 Levett, 2001, Leptospirosis, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14, 296, 10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001 Levett, 2005, Detection of pathogenic leptospires by real-time quantitative PCR, Journal of Medical Microbiology, 54, 45, 10.1099/jmm.0.45860-0 Majed, 2005, Identification of variable-number tandem-repeat loci in Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43, 539, 10.1128/JCM.43.2.539-545.2005 Martínez, 2004, Efficacy and safety of a vaccine against human leptospirosis in Cuba, Revista Panama de Salud Publica, 15, 249 Masuzawa, 1996, Immunochemical characteristics and localization on cells of protective antigen (PAg) prepared from Leptospira interrogans serovar lai, Microbiology and Immunology, 40, 237, 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb03340.x Matsunaga, 2003, Pathogenic Leptospira species express surface-exposed proteins belonging to the bacterial immunoglobulin superfamily, Molecular Microbiology, 49, 929, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03619.x Matsunaga, 2005, Osmolarity, a key environmental signal controlling expression of leptospiral proteins LigA and LigB and the extracellular release of LigA, Infection and Immunity, 73, 70, 10.1128/IAI.73.1.70-78.2005 Merien, 1995, Comparison of polymerase chain reaction with microagglutination test and culture for diagnosis of leptospirosis, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 172, 281, 10.1093/infdis/172.1.281 Merien, 1997, Invasion of Vero cells and induction of apoptosis in macrophages by pathogenic Leptospira interrogans are correlated with virulence, Infection and Immunity, 65, 729, 10.1128/IAI.65.2.729-738.1997 Merien, 2000, Identification of a 36-kDa fibronectin-binding protein expressed by a virulent variant of Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 185, 17, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09034.x Midwinter, 1990, Vaccination of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-derived immuno-conjugates from Leptospira interrogans, Journal of Medical Microbiology, 33, 199, 10.1099/00222615-33-3-199 Morey, 2006, Species-specific identification of Leptospiraceae by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44, 3510, 10.1128/JCM.00670-06 Murray, 2008, Leptospira interrogans requires a functional heme oxygenase to scavenge iron from hemoglobin, Microbes and Infection, 10, 791, 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.04.010 Murray, 2009, Leptospira interrogans requires heme oxygenase for disease pathogenesis, Microbes and Infection, 11, 311, 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.11.014 Murray, 2009, The major surface protein LipL32 is not required for either acute or chronic infection with Leptospira interrogans, Infection and Immunity, 77, 952, 10.1128/IAI.01370-08 Naiman, 2001, Protective killed Leptospira borgpetersenii vaccine induces potent Th1 immunity comprising responses by CD4 and gamma delta T lymphocytes, Infection and Immunity, 69, 7550, 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7550-7558.2001 Nascimento, 2004, Comparative genomics of two Leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis, Journal of Bacteriology, 186, 2164, 10.1128/JB.186.7.2164-2172.2004 Palaniappan, 2006, Immunoprotection of recombinant Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein a against Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona infection, Infection and Immunity, 74, 1745, 10.1128/IAI.74.3.1745-1750.2006 Picardeau, 2001, First evidence for gene replacement in Leptospira spp. Inactivation of L. biflexa flaB results in non-motile mutants deficient in endoflagella, Molecular Microbiology, 40, 189, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02374.x Picardeau, 2008, Genome sequence of the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of Leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis, PLoS ONE, 3, e1607, 10.1371/journal.pone.0001607 Plesko, 1971, Cross immunity studies with lipase negative strains of leptospires, Biol¢gia (Bratislava), 26, 689 Prescott, 2008, Canine leptospirosis in Canada: a veterinarian's perspective, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178, 397, 10.1503/cmaj.071092 Que-Gewirth, 2004, A methylated phosphate group and four amide-linked acyl chains in Leptospira interrogans Lipid A: The membrane anchor of an unusual lipopolysaccharide that activates TLR2, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279, 25420, 10.1074/jbc.M400598200 Ren, 2003, Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing, Nature, 422, 888, 10.1038/nature01597 Ristow, 2007, The OmpA-Like protein Loa22 Is essential for leptospiral virulence, PLoS Pathogogens, 3, e97, 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030097 Rodríguez Reyes, 2005, Expresión en Escherichia coli del gen gspD del sistema de secreción tipo II de Leptospira borgpetersenii serovariedad Hardjo, Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical, 57, 45 Rohrbach, 2005, Effect of vaccination against leptospirosis on the frequency, days to recurrence and progression of disease in horses with equine recurrent uveitis, Veterinary Ophthalmology, 8 Saint Girons, 2000, The LE1 bacteriophage replicates as a plasmid within Leptospira biflexa: construction of an L. biflexa-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, Journal of Bacteriology, 182, 5700, 10.1128/JB.182.20.5700-5705.2000 Seixas, 2007, Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing the LipL32 antigen of Leptospira interrogans protects hamsters from challenge, Vaccine, 26, 88, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.052 Shang, 1995, The rare outer membrane protein, OmpL1, of pathogenic Leptospira species is a heat-modifiable porin, Infection and Immunity, 63, 3174, 10.1128/IAI.63.8.3174-3181.1995 Silva, 2007, The terminal portion of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein LigA confers protective immunity against lethal infection in the hamster model of leptospirosis, Vaccine, 25, 6277, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.05.053 Slack, 2007, Evaluation of a modified Taqman assay detecting pathogenic Leptospira spp. against culture and Leptospira-specific IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a clinical environment, Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 57, 361, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.10.004 Stevenson, 2007, Leptospira interrogans endostatin-like outer membrane proteins bind host fibronectin, laminin and regulators of complement, PLoS ONE, 2, e1188, 10.1371/journal.pone.0001188 Thaipadungpanit, 2007, A dominant clone of Leptospira interrogans associated with an outbreak of human leptospirosis in Thailand, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 1, e56, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000056 Wang, 2007, Leptospirosis vaccines, Microbial Cell Factories, 6, 39, 10.1186/1475-2859-6-39 Werts, 2001, Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells through a TLR2-dependent mechanism, Nature Immunology, 2, 346, 10.1038/86354