Numerical study of fluid dynamic and heat transfer performance of Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids in the flat tubes of a radiator

Akbarinia, 2007, Numerical study of laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid in horizontal curved tubes, Appl. Therm. Eng., 27, 1327, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.10.034 Anton Paar DMA 45 Digital Density Meter for Liquids and Gases, 1986. Anton Paar, Graz, Austria. ASHRAE Handbook, 2005. Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc., Atlanta, GA. Bejan, 1993 Brookfield DV-IIC Programmable Viscometer Manual, 1999. Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc., No. M/97-164-D1000, Middleboro, MA. Fluent 6.2 User Guide, 2005. Fluent Inc., Lebanon, New Hampshire. Frass, 1989 Gambit User Guide, 2005. Fluent Inc., Lebanon, New Hampshire. Gollin, M., Bjork, D., 1996. Comparative performance of ethylene glycol/water and propylene glycol/water coolants in automobile radiators. In: Proceedings of International Congress and Exposition (SAE Paper No. 960372), Detroit, Michigan, February 26–29. Experimental Operating and Maintenance Procedures for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases Unit, 2005. P.A. Hilton Ltd., Hampshire, U.K. Incropera, 1996 Koo, 2004, A new thermal conductivity model for nanofluids, J. Nanoparticle Res., 6, 577, 10.1007/s11051-004-3170-5 Maiga, 2005, Heat transfer enhancement by using nanofluids in forced convection flows, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 26, 530, 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2005.02.004 Namburu, 2007, Viscosity of copper oxide nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol and water mixture, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 32, 67, 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2007.05.001 Pak, 1998, Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles, Exp. Heat Transfer, 11, 151, 10.1080/08916159808946559 Park, 2002, Flow and heat transfer characteristics in flat tubes of a radiator, Numer. Heat Transfer, Part A, 41, 19, 10.1080/104077802317221429 Patankar, 1980 Sahoo, 2009, Determination of rheological behavior of aluminum oxide nanofluid and development of new viscosity correlations, Petrol. Sci. Technol., 27, 1757, 10.1080/10916460802640241 Shah, 1978 Vajjha, R.S., 2009. Measurements of Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluids and Computation of Heat Transfer Characteristics. M.S. thesis, Mech. Engineering Dept., University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK. Vajjha, 2009, Measurement of thermal conductivity of three nanofluids and development of new correlations, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 52, 4675, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.06.027 Vajjha, 2009, Density measurements of different nanofluids and their comparison with theory, Petrol. Sci. Technol., 27, 612, 10.1080/10916460701857714 Xuan, 2000, Conceptions of heat transfer correlation of nanofluids, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 43, 3701, 10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00369-5 Yang, 2005, Heat transfer properties of nanoparticle-in-fluid dispersions (nanofluids) in laminar flow, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 48, 1107, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.09.038