Rational and irrational beliefs in counselling psychology

Albert Ellis1
1Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy, USA

Tóm tắt

Rational-emotive therapy (RET) holds that people largely make themselves neurotically anxious, depressed, hostile, and self-denigrating by strongly holding major dogmatic, absolutist, musturbatory beliefs and that they can use several cognitive, emotive and behavioral methods to modify these beliefs and increase their emotional health. This paper presents some evidence supporting this hypothesis and outlines the counseling advantages and disadvantages of active-directive cognitive restructuring.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Adler, A. (1927).Understanding human nature. New York: Greenberg. Adler, A. (1929).The science of living. New York: Greenberg. Baisden, H. E. (1980).Irrational beliefs: A construct validation study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Bandura, A. (1977).Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. DiGiuseppe, R. A., Miller, N. J., & Trexler, L. D. (1979). A review of rationalemotive psychotherapy outcome studies. In A. Ellis & J. M. Whiteley (Eds.),Theoretical and empirical foundations of rational-emotive therapy (pp. 218–235). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Dryden, W. (1984).Rational-emotive therapy: Fundamentals and innovations. Beckenham, Kent: Groom-Helm. Dubois, P. (1907).The psychic treatment of nervous disorders. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Ellis, A. (1958). Rational psychotherapy.Journal of General Psychology, 59, 35–49. Reprinted: New York: Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy. Ellis, A. (1962).Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart. Ellis, A. (1972a). Helping people get better: Rather than merely feel better.Rational Living, 7(2), 2–9. Ellis, A. (1972b).Psychotherapy and the value of a human being. New York: Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy. Ellis, A. (1973).Humanistic psychotherapy: The rational-emotive approach. New York: McGraw-Hill. Ellis, A. (1977).Anger-how to live with and without it. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press. Ellis, A. (1979a). Rational-emotive therapy: Research data that support the clinical and personality hypotheses of RET and other modes of cognitive-behavior therapy. In A. Ellis & J. M. Whiteley (Eds.),Theoretical and empirical foundations of rational-emotive therapy (pp. 101–173). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Ellis, A. (1979b). Rejoinder: Elegant and inelegant RET. In A. Ellis & J. M. Whiteley (Eds.),Theoretical and empirical foundations of rational-emotive therapy, (pp. 240–267). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Ellis, A. (1985a).Overcoming resistance: Rational-emotive therapy with difficult clients. New York: Springer. Ellis, A. (1985b). Expanding the ABCs of rational-emotive therapy. In M. Mahoney & A. Freeman (Eds.),Cognition and psychotherapy, (pp. 313–323). New York: Plenum. Ellis, A. (1985c). Two forms of humanistic psychology: Rational—emotive therapy vs. transpersonal psychology.Free Inquiry, 15(4), 14–21. Ellis, A. (1987). The impossibility of achieving consistently good mental health.American Psychologist, 42, 364–375. Ellis, A. (1988).How to stubbornly refuse to make yourself miserable about anything-yes, anything! Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart. Ellis, A., & Abrahms, E., (1978).Brief psychotherapy in medical and health practice. New York: Springer. Ellis, A., & Becker, I. (1982).A guide to personal happiness. North Hollywood, CA: Wilshire. Ellis, A., & Dryden, W. (1987).The practice of rational-emotive therapy. New York: Springer. Ellis, A., & Grieger, R. (Eds.). (1986).Handbook of rational-emotive therapy. 2 vols. New York: Springer. Ellis, A., & Harper, R. A. (1975).A new guide to rational Living. North Hollywood, CA: Wilshire Books. Herzberg, A. (1945).Active psychotherapy. New York: Grune & Stratton. Johnson, W. (1946). People in quandries. New York: Harper & Row. Jones, R. (1968).A factored measure of Ellis' irrational belief systems with personality and maladjustment correlates. Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas Tech College. Kassinove, H., Crisci, R., & Tiegerman, S. (1977). Developmental trends in rational thinking: Implications for rational-emotive school mental health programs.Journal of Community Psychology, 5, 266–274. Kelly, G. (1955).The psychology of personal constructs. 2 vols. New York: Norton. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984).Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer. Low, A. A. (1952).Mental health through will training. Boston: Christopher. Meyer, A. (1948).The commonsense psychiatry of Dr. Adolf Meyer, Ed. by A. Lief. New York: McGraw-Hill. Rotter, J. B. (1954).Social learning and clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Shorkey, C. T., & Whiteman, V. L. (1977). Development of the Rational Behavior Inventory.Educational and Psychological Measurement, 37, 527–534. Sichel, J., & Ellis, A. (1984). RET self-help form. New York: Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy. Smith, T. W., & Allred, K. D. (1986). Rationality revisited: A reassessment of the empirical support for the rational-emotive model. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.),Advances in cognitive-behavioral research and therapy (Vol. 5). (pp. 63–87). New York: Academic Press. Stekel, W. (1950).Technique of analytical psychotherapy. New York: Liveright. Sutton-Simon, K. (1981). Assessing belief systems: Conceptions and strategies. In S. D. Hollon & P. C. Kendall (Eds.),Cognitive behavioral interventions: Assessment methods. New York: Academic Press. Thorne, F. C. (1950).Principles of personality counseling. Brandon, VT: Journal of Clinical Psychology Press. Wolberg, L. R. (1954).The technique of psychotherapy. New York: Grune & Stratton.