Quantitative assessment of risk due to major accidents triggered by lightning

Reliability Engineering & System Safety - Tập 154 - Trang 60-72 - 2016
Amos Necci1, Giacomo Antonioni2, Sarah Bonvicini1, Valerio Cozzani1
1LISES – Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, via Terracini n.28, 40131 Bologna Italy
2LISES - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via Terracini n. 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy

Tài liệu tham khảo

Rasmussen, 1995, Natural events and accidents with hazardous materials, J Hazard Mater, 40, 43, 10.1016/0304-3894(94)00079-V Young, 2004, Natural and technologic hazardous material releases during and after natural disasters: a review, Sci Total Environ, 322, 3, 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00446-7 Cozzani, 2010, Industrial accidents triggered by flood events: analysis of past accidents, J Hazard Mater, 175, 501, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.033 Krausmann, 2011, Industrial accidents triggered by earthquakes, floods and lightning: lessons learned from a database analysis, Nat Hazards, 59, 285, 10.1007/s11069-011-9754-3 Krausmann, 2011, Industrial accidents triggered by natural hazards: An emerging risk issue, Natural Hazards Earth Syst Sci, 11, 921, 10.5194/nhess-11-921-2011 Cruz, 2008, Methodology for preliminary assessment of Natech risk in urban areas, Nat. Hazards, 46, 199, 10.1007/s11069-007-9207-1 Cruz AM, Steinberg LJ, Vetere-Arellano AL, Nordvik JP, Pisano F. State of the Art in Natech (Natural Hazard Triggering Technological Disasters) Risk Assessment in Europe. Report EUR 21292 EN, DG Joint Research Centre, European Commission and United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Ispra, Italy; 2004. Salzano, 2003, Seismic risk of atmospheric storage tanks in the framework of quantitative risk analysis, J Loss Prev Process Ind, 16, 403, 10.1016/S0950-4230(03)00052-4 Salzano, 2009, Risk assessment and early warning systems for industrial facilities in seismic zones, Reliabil Eng Syst Saf, 94, 1577, 10.1016/j.ress.2009.02.023 Renni, 2010, Industrial accidents triggered by lightning, J Hazard Mater, 184, 42, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.118 Argyropoulos, 2012, A hazards assessment methodology for large liquid hydrocarbon fuel tanks, J Loss Prev Process Ind, 25, 329, 10.1016/j.jlp.2011.12.003 Chang, 2006, A study of storage tank accidents, J Loss Prev Process Ind, 19, 51, 10.1016/j.jlp.2005.05.015 LASTFIRE – Large Atmospheric Storage Tank Fire. Resource Protection International; 1997. American Petroleum Institute. API RP 545 – Lightning Protection of Aboveground Storage Tanks for Flammable or Combustible Liquids. 1st ed. Washington (D.C., USA); 2009. Oil Industry Safety Directorate. OISD – GDN–180- Lightning protection. New Delhi: OISD; 1999. Comitato Elettrico Italiano, CEI EN 62305, Protection against lightning: General Principles, Milan: Comitato Elettrotecnico Italiano; 2013 National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems, 2008 Edition, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, USA; 2008. Campedel, 2008, Extending the quantitative assessment of industrial risks to earthquake effects, Risk Anal, 28, 1231, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01092.x Antonioni, 2007, A methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of major accidents triggered by seismic events, J Hazard Mater, 147, 48, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.043 Landucci, 2012, Release of hazardous substances in flood events: damage model for atmospheric storage tanks, Reliab Eng Syst Saf, 106, 200, 10.1016/j.ress.2012.05.010 Cozzani, 2014, Quantitative assessment of domino and NaTech scenarios in complex industrial areas, J Loss Prev Process Ind, 28, 10, 10.1016/j.jlp.2013.07.009 Necci, 2014, Assessment of lightning impact frequency for process equipment, Reliab Eng Syst Saf, 130, 95, 10.1016/j.ress.2014.05.001 Landucci, 2009, The assessment of the damage probability of storage tanks in domino events triggered by fire, Accid Anal Prev, 41, 1206, 10.1016/j.aap.2008.05.006 Cozzani, 2004, The quantitative assessment of domino effects caused by overpressure. Part I: probit models, J Hazard Mater, A107, 67, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2003.09.013 Landucci, 2014, Release of hazardous substances in flood events: damage model for horizontal cylindrical vessels, Reliab Eng Syst Saf, 132, 125, 10.1016/j.ress.2014.07.016 Necci, 2013, A model for process equipment damage probability assessment due to lightning, Reliability Eng Syst Saf, 115, 91, 10.1016/j.ress.2013.02.018 Necci, 2014, Accident scenarios triggered by lightning strike on atmospheric storage tanks, Reliab Eng Syst Saf, 127, 30, 10.1016/j.ress.2014.02.005 Antonioni, 2009, Development of a frame work for the risk assessment of Na-Tech accidental events, Reliab Eng Syst Saf, 94, 1442, 10.1016/j.ress.2009.02.026 Reniers, 2013 SIRF 2013 Lightning detection data. Emilia Romagna. 〈http://www.fulmini.it/about_sirf/default.htm〉; 1996−2013. [Last accessed 25.11.13] Cigré Working Group C4.407. Lightning Parameters for Engineering Applications, Cigré Technical Brochure, Paris; 2013. 〈http://www.lightningmaps.org〉. [Last accessed 25.04.16] 〈http://www.vaisala.com/en/products/thunderstormandlightningdetectionsystems/Pages/NLD N.aspx〉. [Last accessed 25.04.2016]. Necci, 2014, Quantification of risk reduction due to the installation of different lightning protection solutions for large atmospheric storage tanks, Chem Eng Trans, 36, 481 Borghetti A, Cozzani V, Mazzetti C, Nucci CA, Paolone M. Renni Monte Carlo based lightning risk assessment in oil plant tank farms. In: Proceedings of the 30th international conference on lightning protection, vol. 1497; 2010. p. 1–7. Schüller JCH, Brinknam JL, Van Gestel PJ, Van Otterloo RW. Methods for determining and processing probabilities (Red Book). Committee for the Prevention of Disasters: The Hague, The Netherlands; 1997. International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC Std 61508 Annex D: Determination of safety integrity levels – a qualitative method: risk graph; 1998. American Petroleum Institute. API standard 650 – Welded steel tanks for oil storage. 8th ed. Washington (D.C., USA); 2003. Rupke, 2002 Oil Industry Safety Directorate. OISD STD 116—fire protection facilities for petroleum refineries and oil/gas processing plants. Committee for Fire Protection: New Delhi; 2007. American Petroleum Institute. API RP 2003 – Protection against ignitions arising out of static, lightning, and stray currents. 7th ed. Washington (D.C., USA); 2008. National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 69 – Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems. Quincy USA; 2008. Persson, 2004 Van Den Bosh CJH, Weterings RAPM. Methods for the calculation of physical effects (Yellow Book). Committee for the Prevention of Disasters: The Hague (NL); 1997. Uijt de Haag PAM, Ale BJM. Guidelines for Quantitative Risk Assessment (Purple Book). Committee for the Prevention of Disasters: The Hague, The Netherlands; 1999. Mannan, 2005 Bonvicini, 2012, The description of population vulnerability in Quantitative Risk Analysis, Risk Anal, 32, 1576, 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01766.x Egidi, 1995, The ARIPAR project: analysis of the major accident risks connected with industrial and transportation activities in the Ravenna area, Reliab Eng Syst Saf, 49, 75, 10.1016/0951-8320(95)00026-X (a)International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC Std 61508—Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems; 1998. Carpenter RB. Lightning Protection for Flammables Storage Facilities. Lightning Eliminators, Consultants, Boulder, CO( USA); 1996. Huffines, 1999, Lightning ground flash density and thunderstorm duration in the continental United States: 1989–96, J Appl Meteorol, 38, 1013, 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1013:LGFDAT>2.0.CO;2