Vitamin C and E supplementation prevents some of the cellular adaptations to endurance-training in humans

Karamouzis, 2004, The response of muscle interstitial F2-isoprostane (8-ISO-PGF2α) during dynamic muscle contractions in humans, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids, 71, 87, 10.1016/j.plefa.2003.12.006 Bailey, 2004, Regulation of free radical outflow from an isolated muscle bed in exercising humans, Am. J. Physiol. Heart C, 287, H1689, 10.1152/ajpheart.00148.2004 Davies, 1982, Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 107, 1198, 10.1016/S0006-291X(82)80124-1 Hawley, 2011, Nutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations, J. Appl. Physiol., 110, 834, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00949.2010 Irrcher, 2009, Interactions between ROS and AMP kinase activity in the regulation of PGC-1α transcription in skeletal muscle cells, Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 296, C116, 10.1152/ajpcell.00267.2007 Silveira, 2006, BBA Mol. Cell Res., 1763, 969 Zhang, 2014, Multiple signaling pathways regulate contractile activity‐mediated PGC‐1α gene expression and activity in skeletal muscle cells, Physiol. Rep., 2, 5, 10.14814/phy2.12008 Ristow, 2009, Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 8665, 10.1073/pnas.0903485106 Gomez-Cabrera, 2008, Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performance, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 87, 142, 10.1093/ajcn/87.1.142 Paulsen, 2014, Vitamin C and E supplementation hampers cellular adaptation to endurance training in humans: a double‐blind, randomised, controlled trial, J. Physiol., 592, 1887, 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.267419 Yfanti, 2010, Antioxidant supplementation does not alter endurance training adaptation, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 42, 1388, 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181cd76be Yfanti, 2012, Role of vitamin C and E supplementation on IL-6 in response to training, J. Appl. Physiol., 112, 990, 10.1152/japplphysiol.01027.2010 Yfanti, 2011, Effect of antioxidant supplementation on insulin sensitivity in response to endurance exercise training, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 300, E761, 10.1152/ajpendo.00207.2010 Holloszy, 2012, Response to letter to the editor by Gomez-Cabrera et al., 302, E478 Gomez-Cabrera, 2012, Antioxidant supplements in exercise: worse than useless?, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 302, E476, 10.1152/ajpendo.00567.2011 Maughan, 2007, The use of dietary supplements by athletes, J. Sports Sci., 25, 103, 10.1080/02640410701607395 Rock, 2004, Antioxidant supplement use in cancer survivors and the general population, J. Nutr., 134, 3194S, 10.1093/jn/134.11.3194S Rock, 2007, Multivitamin-multimineral supplements: who uses them?, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 85, 277S, 10.1093/ajcn/85.1.277S McLennan, 1997 Perry, 2010, Repeated transient mRNA bursts precede increases in transcriptional and mitochondrial proteins during training in human skeletal muscle, J. Physiol., 588, 4795, 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.199448 Fischer, 2004, Supplementation with vitamins C and E inhibits the release of interleukin-6 from contracting human skeletal muscle, J. Physiol., 558, 633, 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.066779 Fischer, 2006, Vitamin E isoform-specific inhibition of the exercise-induced heat shock protein 72 expression in humans, J. Appl. Physiol., 100, 1679, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00421.2005 Peake, 2003, Vitamin C: effects of exercise and requirements with training, Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab., 13, 125, 10.1123/ijsnem.13.2.125 Kuipers, 1985, Variability of aerobic performance in the laboratory and its physiologic correlates, Int. J. Sports Med., 6, 197, 10.1055/s-2008-1025839 Wadley, 2006, Effect of exercise intensity and hypoxia on skeletal muscle AMPK signaling and substrate metabolism in humans, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 290, E694, 10.1152/ajpendo.00464.2005 S. Capra, Nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand: Including recommended dietary intakes: Commonwealth of Australia, 2006. Borg, 1982, Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 14, 377, 10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012 Bergström, 1975, Percutaneous needle biopsy of skeletal muscle in physiological and clinical research, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 35, 609, 10.3109/00365517509095787 Srere, 1969, [1] Citrate synthase:[EC 4.1. 3.7. Citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (CoA-acetylating)], Methods Enzym., 13, 3, 10.1016/0076-6879(69)13005-0 Wadley, 2013, Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates skeletal muscle signaling following acute exercise but does not impair mitochondrial adaptations to endurance training, Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 304, E853, 10.1152/ajpendo.00568.2012 Mason, 2014, High-dose vitamin C supplementation increases skeletal muscle vitamin C concentration and SVCT2 transporter expression but does not alter redox status in healthy males, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 77, 130, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.013 Wadley, 2010, High-dose antioxidant vitamin C supplementation does not prevent acute exercise-induced increases in markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in rats, J. Appl. Physiol., 108, 1719, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00127.2010 Lykkesfeldt, 2000, Determination of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography using subtraction methods: reliable reduction with tris [2-carboxyethyl] phosphine hydrochloride, Anal. Biochem., 282, 89, 10.1006/abio.2000.4592 Nirungsan, 2006, Simple and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for endogenous α‐tocopherol determination in human plasma, Biomed. Chromatogr., 20, 774, 10.1002/bmc.596 Stepto, 2012, Short-term intensified cycle training alters acute and chronic responses of PGC1α and cytochrome C oxidase IV to exercise in human skeletal muscle, PLoS One, 7, e53080, 10.1371/journal.pone.0053080 Zhang, 2007, Activation of aconitase in mouse fast-twitch skeletal muscle during contraction-mediated oxidative stress, Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 293, C1154, 10.1152/ajpcell.00110.2007 Meydani, 1997, Muscle uptake of vitamin E and its association with muscle fiber type, J. Nutr. Biochem., 8, 74, 10.1016/S0955-2863(96)00176-3 Satoshi, 1989, Exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and leakage of enzymes before and after vitamin E supplementation, Int. J. Biochem., 21, 835, 10.1016/0020-711X(89)90280-2 Montuschi, 2007, Insights into oxidative stress: the isoprostanes, Curr. Med. Chem., 14, 703, 10.2174/092986707780059607 Nikolaidis, 2011, 2-Isoprostane formation, measurement and interpretation: the role of exercise, Prog. Lipid Res., 50, 89, 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.10.002 Powers, 2008, Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production, Physiol. Rev., 88, 1243, 10.1152/physrev.00031.2007 DAHD, 2009, Mechanisms of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab., 34, 465 Finck, 2006, PGC-1 coactivators: inducible regulators of energy metabolism in health and disease, J. Clin. Invest., 116, 615, 10.1172/JCI27794 Pilegaard, 2003, Exercise induces transient transcriptional activation of the PGC‐1α gene in human skeletal muscle, J. Physiol., 546, 851, 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.034850 Leick, 2010, PGC-1α is required for training-induced prevention of age-associated decline in mitochondrial enzymes in mouse skeletal muscle, Exp. Gerontol., 45, 336, 10.1016/j.exger.2010.01.011 Fernandez-Marcos, 2011, Regulation of PGC-1α, a nodal regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 93, 884S, 10.3945/ajcn.110.001917 Puigserver, 2001, Cytokine stimulation of energy expenditure through p38 MAP kinase activation of PPARγ coactivator-1, Mol. Cell, 8, 971, 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00390-2 Cantó, 2009, AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity, Nature, 458, 1056, 10.1038/nature07813 Barbieri, 2012, Reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle signaling, J. Signal Transduct., 2012, 982794, 10.1155/2012/982794 Powers, 2010, Reactive oxygen species are signalling molecules for skeletal muscle adaptation, Exp. Physiol., 95, 1, 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.050526 Connor, 2005, Mitochondrial H2O2 regulates the angiogenic phenotype via PTEN oxidation, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 16916, 10.1074/jbc.M410690200 Piantadosi, 2006, Mitochondrial transcription factor A induction by redox activation of nuclear respiratory factor 1, J. Biol. Chem., 281, 324, 10.1074/jbc.M508805200 Gomez-Cabrera, 2005, Decreasing xanthine oxidase-mediated oxidative stress prevents useful cellular adaptations to exercise in rats, J. Physiol., 567, 113, 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.080564 Khassaf, 2003, Effect of vitamin C supplements on antioxidant defence and stress proteins in human lymphocytes and skeletal muscle, J. Physiol., 549, 645, 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.040303 Larsen, 2012, Biomarkers of mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of healthy young human subjects, J. Physiol., 590, 3349, 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.230185 Ji, 1999, Antioxidants and oxidative stress in exercise, Exp. Biol. Med., 222, 283, 10.1046/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-145.x Urso, 2003, Oxidative stress, exercise, and antioxidant supplementation, Toxicology., 189, 41, 10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00151-3 Powers, 1994, Influence of exercise and fiber type on antioxidant enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscle, Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 266, R375, 10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.2.R375 Buettner, 1996, Catalytic metals, ascorbate and free radicals: combinations to avoid, Radiat. Res., 145, 532, 10.2307/3579271 Marshall, 2002, Supplemental vitamin C appears to slow racing greyhounds, J. Nutr., 132, 1616S, 10.1093/jn/132.6.1616S Asha Devi, 2003, Dietary vitamin E and physical exercise: I. Altered endurance capacity and plasma lipid profile in ageing rats, Exp. Gerontol., 38, 285, 10.1016/S0531-5565(02)00206-1 Hoogerwerf, 1963, The influence of vitamin C administration on the mechanical efficiency of the human organism, Int. Z. Angew. Physiol., 20, 164 Howald, 1975, Ascorbic acid and athletic performance, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 258, 458, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb29304.x Braakhuis, 2014, Effects of dietary antioxidants on training and performance in female runners, Eur. J. Sports Sci., 14, 160, 10.1080/17461391.2013.785597 Sharman, 1971, The effects of vitamin E and training on physiological function and athletic performance in adolescent swimmers, Br. J. Nutr., 26, 265, 10.1079/BJN19710033 Patil, 2009, Role of alpha-tocopherol in cardiopulmonary fitness in endurance athletes, cyclists, Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 53, 375 Avery, 2003, Effects of vitamin E supplementation on recovery from repeated bouts of resistance exercise, J. Strength Cond. Res., 17, 801 Gaeini, 2006, Effects of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress at rest and after exercise to exhaustion in athletic students, J. Sport. Med. Phys. Fit., 46, 458 Buchman, 1999, Short-term vitamin E supplementation before marathon running: a placebo-controlled trial, Nutrition, 15, 278, 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00005-2 Zoppi, 2006, Vitamin C and E supplementation effects in professional soccer players under regular training, J. Int. Soc. sport. Nutr., 3, 37, 10.1186/1550-2783-3-2-37 Aguiló, 2007, Antioxidant diet supplementation enhances aerobic performance in amateur sportsmen, J. Sports Sci., 25, 1203, 10.1080/02640410600951597