Subclinical hyperthyroidism as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation

Kannel, 1982, Epidemiologic features of chronic atrial fibrillation: the Framingham study, N Engl J Med, 306, 1018, 10.1056/NEJM198204293061703 Wolf, 1983, Duration of atrial fibrillation and the imminence of stroke: the Framingham study, Stroke, 14, 664, 10.1161/01.STR.14.5.664 Petersen, 1984, Atrial fibrillation—a review of course and prognosis, Acta Med Scand, 216, 5, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03763.x Wolf, 1987, Atrial fibrillation: a major contributor to stroke in the elderly: the Framingham study, Arch Intern Med, 147, 1561, 10.1001/archinte.1987.00370090041008 Furszyfer, 1970, Graves' disease in Olmstead County, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967, Mayo Clin Proc, 45, 636 Phillips, 1985, The geographical distribution of thyrotoxicosis in England according to the presence or absence of TSH-receptor antibodies, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 23, 283, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1985.tb00225.x Lundgren, 1990, Decreasing incidence of thyrotoxicosis in an endemic goitre inland area of Sweden, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 33, 133, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00473.x Fagerberg, 1990, Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation: an underdiagnosed or overdiagnosed condition?, Clin Chem, 36, 620, 10.1093/clinchem/36.4.620 Siebers, 1992, Hyperthyroidism as a cause of atrial fibrillation in long-term care, Arch Intern Med, 152, 2063, 10.1001/archinte.1992.00400220081014 Eggertsen, 1988, Screening for thyroid disease in a primary care unit with a thyroid stimulating hormone assay with a low detection limit, BMJ, 297, 1586, 10.1136/bmj.297.6663.1586 Bagchi, 1990, Thyroid dysfunction in adults over age 55 years: a study in an urban US community, Arch Intern Med, 150, 785, 10.1001/archinte.1990.00390160053012 Parle, 1991, Prevalence and follow-up of abnormal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in the elderly in the United Kingdom, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 34, 77, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1991.tb01739.x Sawin, 1991, Low serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in older persons without hyperthyroidism, Arch Intern Med, 151, 165, 10.1001/archinte.1991.00400010159025 Sundbeck, 1991, Clinical significance of low serum thyrotropin concentration by chemiluminometric assay in 85-year-old women and men, Arch Intern Med, 151, 549, 10.1001/archinte.1991.00400030093017 Friedman, 1992, The prevalence of overmedication with levothyroxine in ambulatory elderly patients, Age, 15, 9, 10.1007/BF02434907 Woeber, 1992, Thyrotoxicosis and the heart, N Engl J Med, 327, 94, 10.1056/NEJM199207093270206 Giladi, 1991, Is idiopathic atrial fibrillation caused by occult thyrotoxicosis? A study of one hundred consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation, Int J Cardiol, 30, 309, 10.1016/0167-5273(91)90008-D Krahn, 1995, The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study, Am J Med, 98, 476, 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)80348-9 Sawin, 1994, Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons, N Engl J Med, 331, 1249, 10.1056/NEJM199411103311901 Forfar, 1982, Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation: an underdiagnosed condition?, BMJ, 285, 909, 10.1136/bmj.285.6346.909 Forfar, 1985, Hyperthyroid heart disease, Clin Endocrinol Metab, 14, 491, 10.1016/S0300-595X(85)80044-X Forfar, 1979, Occult thyrotoxicosis: a correctable cause of “idiopathic” atrial fibrillation, Am J Cardiol, 44, 9, 10.1016/0002-9149(79)90243-1 Freedberg, 1970, The effect of altered thyroid state on atrial intracellular potentials, J Physiol (Lond), 207, 357, 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009066 Utiger, 1994, Subclinical hyprthyroidism—just a low serum thyrotropin concentration, or something more?, N Engl J Med, 331, 1302, 10.1056/NEJM199411103311909 Ladenson, 1993, Thyrotoxicosis and the heart: something old and something new, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 77, 332, 10.1210/jc.77.2.332 Bar-Sela, 1981, Arterial embolism in thyrotoxicosis with atrial fibrillation, Arch Intern Med, 141, 1191, 10.1001/archinte.1981.00340090087019 Forfar, 1982, Abnormal left ventricular function in hyperthyroidism: evidence for a possible reversible cardiomyopathy, N Engl J Med, 307, 1165, 10.1056/NEJM198211043071901 Polikar, 1993, The thyroid and the heart, Circulation, 87, 1435, 10.1161/01.CIR.87.5.1435 Benjamin, 1994, Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort: the Framingham Heart Study, JAMA, 271, 840, 10.1001/jama.1994.03510350050036 Pekary, 1975, A sensitive and precise radioimmunoassay for human thyroid-stimulating hormone, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 41, 676, 10.1210/jcem-41-4-676 Cox, 1972, Regression models and life-tables, J R Stat Soc [B], 34, 187 1980, Miscellaneous topics, 199 White, 1918, The electrocardiogram in thyroid disease, Arch Intern Med, 22, 766, 10.1001/archinte.1918.00090170076005 Sandler, 1959, The nature and prognosis of heart disease in thyrotoxicosis: a review of 150 patients treated with 131I, Q J Med, 52, 347 Petersen, 1988, Stroke in thyrotoxicosis with atrial fibrillation, Stroke, 19, 15, 10.1161/01.STR.19.1.15 Nordyke, 1988, Graves' disease: influence of age on clinical findings, Arch Intern Med, 148, 626, 10.1001/archinte.1988.00380030132023 Daly, 1982, Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation, BMJ, 285, 1574 Tenerz, 1990, Is a more active attitude warranted in patients with subclinical thyrotoxicosis?, J Intern Med, 228, 229, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00223.x Tibaldi, 1986, Thyrotoxicosis in the very old, Am J Med, 81, 619, 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90547-4 Staffurth, 1977, Arterial embolism in thyrotoxicosis with atrial fibrillation, BMJ, 2, 688, 10.1136/bmj.2.6088.688 Presti, 1989, Thyrotoxicosis, atrial fibrillation, and embolism, revisited, Am Heart J, 117, 976, 10.1016/0002-8703(89)90642-X Petersen, 1988, Stroke in thyrotoxicosis with atrial fibrillation, Stroke, 119, 15, 10.1161/01.STR.19.1.15 Singer, 1992, Randomized trials of warfarin for atrial fibrillation, N Engl J Med, 327, 1451, 10.1056/NEJM199211123272009