The geochemistry of arsenic and its use as an indicator element in geochemical prospecting

Journal of Geochemical Exploration - Tập 2 - Trang 251-296 - 1973
R.W. Boyle1, I.R. Jonasson1
1Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada

Tài liệu tham khảo

Akright, 1969, Minor elements as guides to gold in the Roberts Mountains Formation, Carlin Gold Mine, Eureka County, Nevada, Q. Colo. Sch. Mines, 64, 49 Al'bov, 1972, Hydrogeochemistry of lakes Sivash and Perekop, Litol. Polez. Iskop., 1, 83 Almond, 1953, Field method for determination of traces of arsenic in soils — confined spot procedure using a modified Gutzeit apparatus, Anal. Chem., 25, 1766, 10.1021/ac60083a056 Atalla, 1965, Activation analysis of arsenic in human hair — some observations on the problem of external contamination, An. Acad. Bras. Cienc., 37, 433 Barela, 1966, Sulla origine dell'arsenico cosiddetto fisiologico, Zacchia, 3, 447 Bartel, 1963, Some new data on the arsenic content of basalt, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 475-B, B20 Bastisse, 1969, Migration of arsenic in natural media, Ann. Falsif. Expert. Chim., 62, 97 Bate, 1965, Trace elements in human hair, Nucleon, 23, 74 Bateman, 1950, 916 Beard, 1960, The radiochemistry of arsenic, U.S. At. Energy Comm., 27 Bencko, 1971, Arsenic in the hair of a non-occupationally exposed population, Atmos. Environ., 5, 275, 10.1016/0004-6981(71)90095-3 Bezirganov, 1969, Use of endogenic geochemical haloes of arsenic in prospecting for gold lodes (illustrated by a gold deposit of the lesser Caucasus), Uch. Zap. Erevan. Gos. Univ., 1, 169 Bishop, 1962, Arsenic accumulation in Annapolis Valley orchard soils, Can. J. Soil Sci., 42, 77, 10.4141/cjss62-011 Blanchard, 1942, Leached derivatives of arsenopyrite and chromite, Econ. Geol., 37, 596, 10.2113/gsecongeo.37.7.596 Bliskovskiy, 1968, Arsenic in phosphorites, Geokhim., 6, 709 Boström, 1969, Arsenic in ocean floors, Lithos, 2, 351, 10.1016/S0024-4937(69)80012-5 Boström, 1972, Submarine hot springs as a source of active ridge sediments, Chem. Geol., 10, 189, 10.1016/0009-2541(72)90001-0 Boyle, 1960, The geology, geochemistry, and origin of the gold deposits of the Yellowknife district, Geol. Surv. Can., Mem., 310, 193 Boyle, 1965, The geochemistry of arsenic, Keno Hill-Galena Hill area, Yukon, Canada, 757 Boyle, 1965, Geology, geochemistry, and origin of the lead-zinc-silver deposits of the Keno Hill-Galena Hill area, Yukon Territory, Geol. Surv. Can., Bull., 111, 302 Boyle, 1966, Geochemical prospecting research in 1966, Cobalt area, Ontario, Geol. Surv. Can., Pap., 66-46, 15 Boyle, 1966, Geochemistry of Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Sb, Mo, Sn, W, Ag, Ni, Co, Cr, Ba, and Mn in the waters and stream sediments of the Bathurst-Jacquet River District, New Brunswick, Geol. Surv. Can., Pap., 65-42, 50 Boyle, 1967, Geochemical prospecting — use of the A horizon in soil surveys, Econ. Geol., 62, 274, 10.2113/gsecongeo.62.2.274 Boyle, 1967, Geochemical prospecting — use of the A horizon in soil surveys, Econ. Geol., 62, 1102, 10.2113/gsecongeo.62.2.274 Boyle, 1967, Geochemical prospecting — use of the A horizon in soil surveys, Econ. Geol., 63, 423, 10.2113/gsecongeo.63.4.423 Boyle, 1967, Geochemical prospecting — use of the A horizon in soil surveys, Econ. Geol., 63, 572 Boyle, 1968, The geochemistry of silver and its deposits, Geol. Surv. Can., Bull., 160, 264 Boyle, 1969, Research in geochemical prospecting methods for native silver deposits, Cobalt area, Ontario, 1966, Geol. Surv. Can., Pap., 67-35, 91 Boyle, 1970, Geochemical prospecting — a review of its status and future, Earth Sci. Rev., 6, 51, 10.1016/0012-8252(70)90002-4 Boyle, 1971, Hydrogeochemical methods — application in the Canadian Shield, Bull. Can. Inst. Min. Metal, 64, 60 Boyle, 1972, The geology, geochemistry, and origin of the barite, manganese, and lead-zinc-copper-silver deposits of the Walton-Cheverie Area, Nova Scotia, Geol. Surv. Can., Bull., 166, 181 Brandenstein, 1959, Seltene Elemente in Österreichischen Kohlen- und Bitumengesteinen, Tschermaks. Mineral. Petrog. Mitt., 7, 260, 10.1007/BF01127916 Brooks, 1972, 290 Browne, 1969, Sulfide mineralization in a Broadlands geothermal drillhole, Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand, Econ. Geol., 64, 156, 10.2113/gsecongeo.64.2.156 Browne, 1971, Mineralization in the Broadlands geothermal field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, Soc. Min. Geol. Japan, Spec. Iss., 2, 64 Burbank, 1972, Arsenic as an indicator element for mineralized volcanic pipes in the Red Mountains area, Western San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1364, 31 Cachau-Herreillat, 1971, The utilization of metalloids (arsenic, phosphorus, fluorine) as pathfinders for skarn tungsten deposits in the Pyrenees, 1, 116 Campbell, 1965, Some landmarks in the history of arsenic testing, Chem. Br., 1, 198 Carmichael, 1961, The geochemistry of some natural acid glasses from the North Atlantic Tertiary volcanic province, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 25, 189, 10.1016/0016-7037(61)90076-X Chan, 1969, Suggested guides for exploration from geochemical investigation of ore veins at the Galena Mine Deposits, Shoshone County, Idaho, Q. Colo. Sch. Mines, 64, 139 Chapman, 1926, On the presence of compounds of arsenic in marine crustaceans and shell fish, Anal., 51, 548, 10.1039/an9265100548 Chapman, 1958, Geochemical exploration in the Kantishna area, Alaska (Abstract), Geol. Soc. Am., Bull., 69, 1751 Chen, 1973, Formation of polysulfides in aqueous solution, Environ. Lett., 4, 187, 10.1080/00139307309436596 Clark, 1970, Arsenian sphalerite from Mina Alcarán Pampa Larga, Copiapó, Chile, Am. Mineral., 55, 1794 Clarke, 1924, The data of geochemistry, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 770, 841 Clark, 1960, The Fe-As-S system: phase relations and applications, Econ. Geol., 55, 1345, 10.2113/gsecongeo.55.7.1345 Clark, 1960, The Fe-As-S system: phase relations and applications, Econ. Geol., 55, 1631, 10.2113/gsecongeo.55.8.1631 Colombo, 1964, Systematic neutron activation technique for the determination of trace metals in petroleum, Anal. Chem., 36, 802, 10.1021/ac60210a031 Crafts, 1939, Toxicity studies with arsenic in eighty California soils, Hilgardia, 12, 177, 10.3733/hilg.v12n03p177 Cressman, 1962, Nondetrital siliceous sediments, 440-T, 23 Cronan, 1972, Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 45°N. XVII. Aluminum, arsenic, mercury, and manganese in ferruginous sediments from the Median Valley, Can. J. Earth Sci., 9, 319, 10.1139/e72-025 Cushing, 1972, Trace element analyses of Columbia River water and phytoplankton, Northwest Sci., 46, 115 Delavault, 1971, Spectroscopic determination of arsenic in geochemical samples, 11, 552 Devoe, 1969, Modern trends in activation analysis, Natl. Bur. of Stand. Spec. Publ., 312, 302 Drier, 1954, Arsenic and native copper, Econ. Geol., 49, 908, 10.2113/gsecongeo.49.8.908 Durum, 1971, Reconnaissance of selected minor elements in surface waters of the United States, October, 1970, U.S. Geol. Surv., Cir., 643 Dutrizac, 1972, The kinetics of dissolution of enargite in acidified ferric sulphate solutions, Can. Metall. Q., 11, 469, 10.1179/cmq.1972.11.3.469 Edmunds, 1971, Hydrogeochemistry of ground waters in the Derbyshire Dome, with special reference to trace constituents, Inst. Geol. Sci. London, Rep., 71, 1 Ehrlich, 1963, Bacterial action on orpiment, Econ. Geol., 58, 991, 10.2113/gsecongeo.58.6.991 Ehrlich, 1964, Bacterial oxidation of arsenopyrite and enargite, Econ. Geol., 59, 1306, 10.2113/gsecongeo.59.7.1306 Elliott, 1962, Dispersion of Arsenic and Molybdenum in Surface Drainage, Sierra Leone Elliott, 1968, Anomalous concentrations of gold, silver, and other metals in the Mill Canyon area, Cortez quadrangle, Eureka and Lander Counties, Nevada, U.S. Geol. Surv., Circ., 606, 20 Emmons, 1917, The enrichment of ore deposits, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 625, 530 Emmons, 1940, 529 Eowen, 1972, Arsenic as a guide to gold mineralization at the Wattle Gully and Sambas mines, Min. Geol. J., 7, 5 Erickson, 1964, Geochemical exploration near the Getchell Mine, Humboldt County, Nevada, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1198-A, 26 Erickson, 1966, Gold geochemical anomaly in the Cortez District, Nevada, U.S. Geol. Surv., Cir., 534, 3 Erikson, 1957, Geochemical prospecting abstracts July 1952–December 1954, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 100-G, 357 Esson, 1965, Aspects of the geochemistry of arsenic and antimony, exemplified by the Skaergaard intrusion, Min. Mag., 35, 88, 10.1180/minmag.1965.035.269.12 Esso Research and Engineering Co., 1970, Thermal cracking of petroleum fractions containing arsenic, 12 Ferguson, 1972, Review of the arsenic cycle in natural waters, Water Res., 6, 1259, 10.1016/0043-1354(72)90052-8 Fersman, 1939, Arsenic, Vol.IV, 162 Fischer, 1972 Fleischer, 1973, The “consanguineous” origin of a tourmaline-bearing gold deposit: Passagem de Mariana (Brazil), Econ. Geol., 68, 11, 10.2113/gsecongeo.68.1.11 Fonds, 1971, Mercury in Dutch surface waters, TNO Nieuws, 26, 375 Fonseca, 1969, Contribution à la géochimie de l'arsenic dans le gisement sédimentaire de manganèse de la lienne inférieur, Bull. Soc. Belge Géol., Paléont., Hydrol., 78, 147 Foster, 1968, Potential for lode deposits in the Livengood gold placer district, east central Alaska, U.S. Geol. Surv., Circ., 580, 18 Frederickson, 1971, Mobility, flexibility highlight a mass spectrometer-computer technique for regional exploration, Eng-Min. J., 116 Fukai, 1962, Activation analyses of vanadium, arsenic, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium and gold in marine organisms, Limnol. Oceanogr., 7, 186, 10.4319/lo.1962.7.2.0186 Garrett, 1967, Regional geochemical reconnaissance in eastern Sierra Leone, Trans. Inst. Min. Metal. Sect. B, Appl. Earth Sci., 76, B97 Garrett, 1967, Regional geochemical reconnaissance in eastern Sierra Leone, Trans. Inst. Min. Metal. Sect. B, Appl. Earth Sci., 77, B78 Garrett, 1967, Regional geochemical reconnaissance in eastern Sierra Leone, Trans. Inst. Min. Metal. Sect. B, Appl. Earth Sci., 79, B54 Gibson, 1944, Rare and uncommon chemical elements in coal, U.S. Bur. Mines. Tech. Pap., 669, 23 Ginzburg, 1960, 311 Gleeson, 1966, Arsenic content of stream and spring sediments, Keno Hill Area, Yukon Territory, Geol. Surv. Can., Map, 48-1965 Gmelin, 1952, Gmelins Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 8. Auf. System Nummer 17, Arsen, 475 Gohda, 1972, Activation analysis of arsenic, copper, and antimony in sea water, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap., 45, 1704, 10.1246/bcsj.45.1704 Goldschmidt, 1954, 730 Goleva, 1968, Hydrogeochemical prospecting of hidden ore deposits, 81 Gorgy, 1948, Arsenic in the sea, J. Mar. Res., 7, 22 Gott, 1968, Geochemical and geophysical anomalies in the western part of the Sheep Creek range, Lander County, Nevada, U.S. Geol. Surv., Circ., 595, 17 Granier, 1958, Dispersion secondaire du tungstène et de l'arsenic en sol résiduel, Bull. Soc. Fr. Mineral. Cristallogr., LXXXI, 194 Greaves, 1934, The arsenic content of soils, Soil Sci., 38, 355, 10.1097/00010694-193411000-00003 Green, 1918, Description of a bacterium which oxidizes arsenite to arsenate, and of one which reduces arsenate to arsenite, isolated from a cattle-dipping tank, 465 Grigoryan, 1971, Endogenous geochemical haloes of gold ore deposits, Vop. Prikl. Geokhim., 2, 44 Grimmett, 1939, Occurrence of arsenic in soils and waters in the Waiotapu Valley, and its relation to stock health, N.Z. J. Sci. Tech., 21, 137A Hagiwara, 1970, Square-wave polarographic determination of arsenic and lead in rind of fruits, Bunseki Kagaku, 19, 563, 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.19.563 Hamaguchi, 1961, Values for trace elements in G-1 and W-1 with neutron activation analysis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 23, 296, 10.1016/0016-7037(61)90049-7 Hamaguchi, 1969, The abundances of arsenic, tin and antimony in chondritic meteorites, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 33, 507, 10.1016/0016-7037(69)90130-6 Hammer, 1971, Hair trace metal levels and environmental exposure, Am. J. Epidemiol., 93, 84, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121238 Harbaugh, 1953, Geochemical prospecting abstracts through June 1952, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1000-A, 1 Hawkes, 1965, A note on the geochemical dispersion of arsenic in relation to gold mineralization at Marudi Mountain, Geol. Surv. Brit. Guiana Records, 3, 31 Hawkes, 1957, Principles of geochemical prospecting, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1000-F, 355 Hawkes, 1962, 415 Hawley, 1969, Geochemical data on the South Ore Zone, White Mountain Mine and on the gold content of other mercury ores, Southwestern Alaska, U.S. Geol. Surv., Circ., 615, 16 Hawley, 1955, Spectrographic study of some Nova Scotia coals, Bull. Can. Inst. Min. Metal., 48, 712 Headlee, 1953, Elements in coal ash and their industrial significance, Ind. Eng. Chem., 45, 548, 10.1021/ie50519a028 Heide, 1955, Zur Geochemie des Arsens, Chem. Erde, 17, 181 Heydorn, 1970, Environmental variation of arsenic levels in human blood determined by neutron activation analysis, Clin. Chim. Acta, 28, 349, 10.1016/0009-8981(70)90101-4 Higgs, 1966, Tavua Project — effect of rock-type on the background distribution of arsenic, Fiji Geol. Surv. Dept., Note, 17, 16 Holobrady, 1970, Sorption of arsenates in soils, Pol'nohospodarstvo, 16, 575 Horsnail, 1969, Influence of variations in secondary environment on the metal content of drainage sediments, Q. Colo. Sch. Mines, 64, 307 Hosking, 1966, A preliminary study of the distribution of certain metals of economic interest in the sediments and waters of the Carrick Roads (West Cornwall) and of its “feeder” rivers, Camborne Sch. Mines Mag., 66, 17 Hosking, 1965, A reconnaissance survey of the distribution of tin, copper, zinc, and arsenic in the sediments of the rivers to the south of the St. Austell granite mass, Cornwall, Camborne Sch. Mines Mag., 65, 30 Hummel, 1960, Geologic and economic significance of some geochemical results obtained from stream sediment samples near Nome, Alaska, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 400-B, B30 Hurst, 1927, Arsenic-bearing deposits in Canada, Geol. Surv. Can., Econ. Geol. Ser., 4, 181 Hyden, 1961, Distribution of uranium and other metals in crude oils, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1100-B, 17 Il'yushchenko, 1965, Arsenic as a geochemical indicator during prospecting for copper ore skarn bodies, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Kaz. SSR, Ser. Geol., 22, 85 Jacobs, 1970, Arsenic sorption by soils, 34, 750 James, 1957, Applied geochemical studies in Southern Rhodesia, I. Geochemical dispersion patterns related to arsenical and antimonial deposits in Southern Rhodesia, Geochem. Prospect. Res. Cent., Imperial College, London, Tech. Comm., 12, 237 James, 1966, Chemistry of the iron-rich sedimentary rocks, 440-W, 61 Johnson, 1971, Simultaneous determination of arsenate and phosphate in natural waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 5, 411, 10.1021/es60052a005 Johnson, 1972, Bacterial reduction of arsenate in sea water, Nature, 240, 44, 10.1038/240044a0 Johnson, 1972, Arsenate in the western north Atlantic and adjacent regions, J. Mar. Res., 30, 140 Junkens, 1961, Arsenic and its radioisotopes in the environs, 615 Kanomori, 1965, Geochemical study of arsenic in natural waters; I: Arsenic in rain and snow; II: Arsenic in river water; III: The significance of ferric hydroxide precipitate in stratification and sedimentation of arsenic in lake waters, J. Earth Sci., Nagoya Univ., 13, 23 Karamata, 1970, Primary aureoles of dispersion of some elements in the limestones of the Stari Trg ore deposits (Trepca), Zb. Rad. Rud.-Geol. Fak. Univ. Beogradu, 1968-69, 11 Karamata, 1970, Primary aureoles of dispersion of some elements in the limestones of the Stari Trg ore deposits (Trepca), Zb. Rad. Rud.-Geol. Fak. Univ. Beogradu, 1968-69, 65 Kauranne, 1967, Prospecting for copper by geochemical and related methods at Kotanen, Viitasaari, Central Finland, 255 Krainov, 1962, Basic principles in using the heavy metals present in waters for geochemical prospecting for ore deposits (with the central part of the Lesser Caucasus as an example), Geochem., 5, 525 Krainov, 1962, Trace elements in mineral waters of the Pamirs, Geochem., 4, 408 Krainov, 1966, Distribution and the mode of migration of trace elements Zn, Cu, Hg, Li, Rb, Cs, As, and Ge, Geochem. Internat., 3, 108 1967, 350 Kunstmann, 1961, The arsenic content of South African coals, J. S.Afr. Inst. Min. Metal., 62, 234 Laul, 1970, An activation analysis technique for determining groups of trace elements in rocks and chondrites, J. Radioanal. Chem., 4, 241, 10.1007/BF02513666 Lee, 1972, Arsenic removal by sorption process from waste waters, Bull. Can. Inst. Min. Metal., 65, 33 Leutwein, 1954, Ergebnisse und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten geochemischer Prospektions-methoden auf hydrosilikatische Nickelerze, Geol., 3, 950 Liebenberg, 1955, The occurrence and origin of gold and radioactive minerals in the Witwatersrand system, the Dominion Reef, the Ventersdorp Contact Reef and the Black Reef, Trans. Geol. Soc. S.Afr., LVIII, 101 Liederman, 1959, Determination of arsenic in petroleum stocks and catalysts by evolution as arsine, Anal. Chem., 31, 2052, 10.1021/ac60156a053 Lindgren, 1933, 930 Lotspeich, 1959, Movement of metallic elements in shallow colluvium, 125 Lovering, 1968, Concentration and minor element association of gold in ore-related jasperoid samples, Geol. Surv. Res. 1968. U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 600-B, B112 Lukesh, 1940, Thermal decomposition of arsenopyrite, Am. Mineral., 25, 539 Lunde, 1968, Analysis of arsenic in marine oils by neutron activation-evidence of arseno-organic compounds, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 45, 331, 10.1007/BF02667103 Lunde, 1970, Analysis of arsenic and selenium in marine raw materials, J. Sci. Food Agric., 21, 242, 10.1002/jsfa.2740210506 Lynch, 1963, Field and laboratory methods used by the Geological Survey of Canada in geochemical surveys, No. 3. Method for determining arsenic, Geol. Surv. Can., Pap., 63-8, 12 MacKevett, 1968, Distribution of gold, copper and some other metals in the McCarthy B-4 and B-5 quadrangles, Alaska, U.S. Geol. Surv., Circ., 604, 25 Malyuga, 1964, 205 Manskaya, 1968, 345 Markward, 1961, Geochemical prospecting abstracts, January, 1955–June, 1957, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1098-B, 57 Martinet, 1959, Dosages semi-quantitatifs par confined spot de traces de métaux dans les sols As-Ni-Cu-Pb-Zn-Au, 403 Mason, 1966, 329 Mather, 1959, Geochemical Prospecting Studies in Sierra Leone Mazzucchelli, 1966, Arsenic as a guide to gold mineralization in laterite-covered areas of Western Australia, Trans. Inst. Min. Metal., Sect. B, Appl. Earth Sci., 75, B285 Mazzucchelli, 1966, Arsenic as a guide to gold mineralization in laterite-covered areas of Western Australia, Trans. Inst. Min. Metal., Sect. B, Appl. Earth Sci., 76, B127 McBride, 1971, Biosynthesis of dimethylarsine by methanobacterium, Biochem., 10, 4312, 10.1021/bi00799a024 Mellor, 1929, 967 Miesch, 1958, Geochemical prospecting studies in the Bullwhacker mine area, Eureka District, Nevada, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1000-H, 397 Minchev, 1972, Trace elements in the coals of Bulgaria: Trace elements in the coals of the Mariza-East coal basin, God. Sofi. Univ., Geol.-Geogr. Fak., 64, 263 Misaqi, 1968, Geochemical anomalies in the Philmont Ranch region, New Mexico, New Mexico Bur. Mines Circ., 92, 12 Mitcham, 1952, Indicator minerals, Coeur d'Alene Silver Belt, Econ. Geol., 47, 414, 10.2113/gsecongeo.47.4.414 Moore, 1971, Copper-nickel arsenides of the Mohawk No. 2 mine, 56, 1319 Moseshvili, 1968, Arsenic in rocks and soils near Rustavi city, Tbilis. Univ. Shromebi, Tr. Tbilis. Inst., 126, 15 Moxham, 1968, Arsenic poisoning of cattle and other domestic animals, N.Z. Vet. J., 16, 161, 10.1080/00480169.1968.33767 Nairis, 1971, Endogene dispersion aureoles around the Rudtjebacken sulphide ore in the Adak area, Northern Sweden, 11, 357 Narayanaswami, 1960, Geochemical prospecting for gold-bearing lodes in the Kolar gold fields, India, 3, 541 Nichol, 1966, Regional geochemical reconnaissance in Sierra Leone, Trans. Inst. Min. Metal., 75, B146 Nichol, 1970, Regional geochemical reconnaissance of the Derbyshire area, Inst. Geol. Sci., London, Rep., 70, 1 Nickerson, 1972, An account of a lake sediment geochemical survey conducted over certain volcanic belts within the Slave structural province of the Northwest Territories during 1972, 129, 24 Ode, 1963, Coal analyses and mineral matter, 202 Ohno, 1970, Simultaneous determination of arsenic and antimony in soil by neutron activation analysis, Radioisot., 19, 17, 10.3769/radioisotopes.19.12_565 Onishi, 1969, Arsenic, II/1, 38 Onishi, 1955, Geochemistry of arsenic, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 7, 1, 10.1016/0016-7037(55)90042-9 Ovchinnikov, 1972, Endogenic geochemical halos of pyritic ore deposits, Internat. Geol. Rev., 14, 419, 10.1080/00206817209475716 Ovchinnikov, 1971, Primary halos in prospecting for sulphide deposits, 11 Ozerova, 1971, Sulphides of mercury, antimony, and arsenic, forming from the active thermal springs of Kamchatka and Kurile Islands, Soc. Min. Geol. Jap., Spec. Iss., 2, 164 Pattison, 1970, Arsenic and water pollution hazard, Science, 170, 870, 10.1126/science.170.3960.870 Peden, 1970, Survey of the arsenic, copper, and lead contents of pig and other animal livers, J. Assoc. Public Anal., 8, 14 Pezzeri, 1970, Sull'origine dell'arsenico cosiddetto fisiologico, Zacchia, 6, 45 Polikarpochkin, 1971, Endogenic halos of epithermal gold-bearing deposits, 11, 381 Polikarpochkin, 1960, Geochemical prospecting for polymetallic ore deposits in the Eastern Transbaikal by means of the muds and waters of the drainage system, Internat. Geol. Rev., 2, 236, 10.1080/00206816009473477 Polikarpochkin, 1965, Structure and vertical zonation of the primary dispersion aureoles at the Baley gold deposits, Geokhim., 8, 1024 Polikarpochkin, 1965, Structure and vertical zonation of the primary dispersion aureoles at the Baley gold deposits, Geochem. Internat., 2, 741 Povarennykh, 1971, Crystallochemistry of complex sulfides of arsenic, antimony and bismuth, Soc. Min. Geol. Jap., Spec. Iss., 2, 42 Povarennykh, 1971, Crystallochemistry of complex sulfides of arsenic, antimony and bismuth, 42 Presant, 1971, Geochemistry of iron, manganese, lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, silver, tin, and cadmium in the soils of the Bathurst area, New Brunswick, Geol. Surv. Can., Bull., 174, 93 Presant, 1966, The distribution and nature of arsenic in the soils of the Bathurst, New Brunswick district, Econ. Geol., 61, 760, 10.2113/gsecongeo.61.4.760 Quiring, 1946, 168 Raab, 1967, Solubility of stibnite, realgar, and orpiment in alkaline solutions below 100°C and 1 bar, Abstr., Program. Geol. Soc. Am., 180 Rader, 1961, Chemical analyses for selected minor elements in Pierre shale, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 391-A, 45 Radtke, 1972, Data on major and minor elements in host rocks and ores, Carlin gold deposit, Nevada, Econ. Geol., 67, 975, 10.2113/gsecongeo.67.7.975 Rancitelli, 1970, Trace element concentrations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 3055, 10.1029/JC075i015p03055 Rankama, 1950, 912 Rasskazov, 1965, Experimental study of electro-chemical solution of arsenide-sulfide mixtures, Int. Geol. Rev., 7, 202, 10.1080/00206816509474103 Ravikovitch, 1961, Microelements in soils of Israel, Soil Sci., 92, 85, 10.1097/00010694-196108000-00002 Ray, 1972, A method for the neutron activation analyses of natural waters for arsenic, Anal. Chim. Acta, 62, 196, 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)80998-3 Reed, 1968, Geochemical anomalies and metalliferous deposits between Windy Fork and Post River South Alaska Range, U.S. Geol. Surv., Circ., 569, 22 Riley, 1936, Ore body zoning, Econ. Geol., 31, 170, 10.2113/gsecongeo.31.2.170 Ritchie, 1961, Arsenic and antimony in some New Zealand thermal waters, N.Z., J. Sci., 5, 218 Robertson, 1956, Geochemical prospecting by soil analyses in Montana, Montana Bur. Min. Geol. Bull., 7, 1 Rossman, 1972, Antimony, bismuth, arsenic and other elements in ore bodies and haloes of a uranium-molybdenum formation deposit, At. Energ., 32, 279, 10.1007/BF01116957 Ruch, 1970, Lake Michigan bottom sediments, IV. Distribution of arsenic in unconsolidated sediments from Southern Lake Michigan, Environ. Geol. Notes, Ill. State Geol. Surv., 37, 16 Ryabinin, 1972, Arsenic-antimony ratio in Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea waters, Dopov. Akad. Nauk. Ukr. SSR, Ser. B, 34, 923 Sal'e, 1965, Hydrochemical method in prospecting for gold in the Aldan area, Zap. Leningr. Gorn. Inst., 48, 77 Sergeyeva, 1969, Physicochemical conditions of formation of native arsenic in hydrothermal deposits, Geochem. Internat., 1969, 681 Shacklette, 1965, Bryophytes associated with mineral deposits and solutions in Alaska, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1198-C, 18 Shah, 1970, Determination of trace elements in petroleum by neutron activation analysis, J. Radioanal. Chem., 6, 413, 10.1007/BF02513968 Shapiro, 1971, Arsenic and phosphate; measured by various techniques, Science, 171, 234, 10.1126/science.171.3968.234 Shcherbina, 1955, Contribution to the geochemistry of the oxidation zones of ore deposits, Sov. Geol., 43, 137 Shcherbina, 1972, 296 Shima, 1970, 213 Shnyukov, 1963, Arsenic in the Cimmerean iron ores of the Azov-Black Sea region, Geochem., 1, 87 Shnyukov, 1963, Realgar in Kerch iron ores, Dokl. Acad. Sci. USSR, 150, 129 Shnyukov, 1972, Arsenic in bottom sediments of the Azov Sea, Dopov. Akad. Nauk. Ukr. RSR, Ser. B, 34, 260 Sinclair, 1967, Trend-surface analysis of minor elements in sulfides of the Slocan mining camp, British Columbia, Canada, Econ. Geol., 62, 1095, 10.2113/gsecongeo.62.8.1095 Sjöstrand, 1964, Simultaneous determination of mercury and arsenic in biological and organic materials by activation analysis, Anal. Chem., 36, 814, 10.1021/ac60210a034 Skinner, 1965, The system arsenic-antimony, Econ. Geol., 60, 228, 10.2113/gsecongeo.60.2.228 Smales, 1957, The determination of radioactivation of trace quantities of arsenic, antimony and copper in pure silicon, U.K. At. Energ. Res. Establ., 2254, 7 Smilkstins, 1971, Chemical composition of Siberian phosphorites, Tr. Sib. Nauch-Issled. Inst. Geol., Geofiz. Miner. Syr'ya, 108, 70 Smirnov, 1951, 335 Stanton, 1964, The field determination of arsenic in soils and sediments, Econ. Geol., 59, 1599, 10.2113/gsecongeo.59.8.1599 Stanton, 1956, Arsenic in soils, sediments and rocks by a modified Gutzeit test, Imp. Coll. Sci. Tech. Geochem. Prosp. Res. Centr. Tech. Comm., 3, 3 Stewart, 1922, Some relations of arsenic to plant growth, Part I, Soil Sci., 14, 111, 10.1097/00010694-192208000-00002 Stow, 1969, The occurrence of arsenic and the color-causing components in Florida land-pebble phosphate rock, Econ. Geol., 64, 667, 10.2113/gsecongeo.64.6.667 Stow, 1969, The occurrence of arsenic and the color-causing components in Florida land-pebble phosphate rock, Econ. Geol., 65, 64 Sugawara, 1956, Spectrophotometric microdetermination of arsenic in natural waters and its application to silicate and biological materials, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap., 29, 670, 10.1246/bcsj.29.670 Sugawara, 1962, Different distribution of elements in oceans, J. Earth Sci., 10, 37 Sullivan, 1957 Suppel, 1970, Geochemical sampling at the Rockvale arsenic mine near Armidale, New South Wales, Geol. Surv. NSW., Rec., 12, 51 Suzuki, 1971, Arsenic in ferruginous deposits, Nippon Kagaku Zasshi, 92, 792, 10.1246/nikkashi1948.92.792 Swaine, 1955, The trace-element content of soils, Comm. Bur. Soil. Sci., Tech. Comm., 48, 157 Szalay, 1969, Accumulation of microelements in peat humic acids and coal, 567 Talipov, 1968, Possible use of arsenic in biogeochemical prospecting for gold-ore deposits (as illustrated by Tamdytau), Uzb. Geol. Zh., 12, 43 Tarakanova, 1971, Distribution of trace elements in contemporary peat deposits, Tr. Inst. Geol. Geokhim. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ural Filial, 90, 56 Tewari, 1964, Role of geochemistry in prospecting of arsenic and sulphur in the Himalayas, Indian Miner., 18, 239 Thom, 1932, The arsenic fungi of Gosio, Science, 76, 548, 10.1126/science.76.1980.548 Thomas, 1955, Chemistry of soil arsenic, Diss. Abstr., 11, 2379 Tunell, 1964, Chemical processes in the formation of mercury ores and ores of mercury and antimony, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 28, 1019, 10.1016/0016-7037(64)90058-4 Turner, 1954, Bacterial oxidation of arsenite. I. Description of bacteria isolated from arsenical cattle-dripping fluids, Aust. J. Biol. Sci., 7, 452, 10.1071/BI9540452 Udodov, 1961, Certain regularities of migration of metals in natural waters, Geochem. Internat., 8, 763 Underwood, 1962, 429 Vasak, 1952, Colorimetric determination of arsenic, Chem. Listy., 46, 341 Vasyutinsky, 1963, Some characteristics of the arsenic distribution in Kerch iron ores, Dokl. Acad. Sci. USSR, 141, 1121 Veal, 1966, Non-destructive activation analysis of crude oils for arsenic to one part per billion, and simultaneous determination of five other trace elements, Anal. Chem., 38, 1080, 10.1021/ac60240a037 Vine, 1969, Geochemical investigations of some black shales and associated rocks, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1314-A, 43 Vinogradov, 1959, 209 Vinogradov, 1965, Meteoritic matter, Geochem. Internat., 2, 947 1968, Vol. III, 916 Ward, 1963, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., 1152, 40 Warren, 1959, Pathfinding elements in geochemical prospecting, 255 Warren, 1964, The role of arsenic as a pathfinder in biogeochemical prospecting, Econ. Geol., 59, 1381, 10.2113/gsecongeo.59.7.1381 Warren, 1968, The arsenic content of Douglas Fir as a guide to some gold, silver, and base metal deposits, Bull. Can. Inst. Min. Metal., 61, 860 Webb, 1958, Observations on geochemical exploration in tropical terrains, 1, 143 Weissberg, 1969, Gold-silver ore grade precipitates from New Zealand thermal waters, Econ. Geol., 64, 95, 10.2113/gsecongeo.64.1.95 Weissberg, 1966, Solubility of orpiment (As2S3) in Na2S-H2O at 50–200°C and 100–1500 bars, with geological applications, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 30, 815, 10.1016/0016-7037(66)90134-7 Wells, 1969, Geology and geochemistry of the Cortez gold deposit, Nevada, Econ. Geol., 64, 526, 10.2113/gsecongeo.64.5.526 Wester, 1965, Trace elements in the connective tissue of beef heart determined by neutron activation analysis, Aktiebalaget Atomenergi, Stockholm, AE-191, 13 White, 1963, Chemical composition of subsurface waters, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 440-F, 67 Whitnack, 1969, A rapid and highly sensitive single-sweep polarographic method of analysis for arsenic (III) in drinking water, Anal. Chim. Acta, 48, 123, 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)85249-1 Whitnack, 1971, Arsenic in potable desert groundwater; an analysis problem, Science, 171, 383, 10.1126/science.171.3969.383 Wickert, 1971, State of arsenic compounds in fuels, Oel. Gas Feuerungstech., 16, 43 Wilder, 1972, Investigation of the occurrence and transport of arsenic in the Upper Sugar Creek Watershed, Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., 800-D, 205 Williams, 1940, Arsenic distribution in soils and its presence in certain plants, U.S. Dept. Agric., Tech. Bull., 732, 1 Woolson, 1971, Correlation between available soil arsenic, estimated by six methods, and response of corn (Zea Mays L.), 35, 101 Wrucke, 1968, Distribution of gold, silver, and other metals near Gold Acres and Tenabo, Lander County, Nevada, U.S. Geol. Surv., Circ., 589, 19 Wullstein, 1971, Arsenic pollutants in the ecosystem, 295 Wyllie, 1937, An investigation of the source of arsenic in a well water, Can. Public Health J., 28, 128 Yakhontova, 1958, Experimental study of the oxidation of cobalt and nickel arsenides in solutions containing oxygen and carbon dioxide, Geokhim., 1, 70 Yakhontova, 1956, Oxidation of certain arsenides of cobalt, nickel, and iron, and also of their double mixtures, Geochem., 8, 737 Yudovich, 1972, Average content of trace elements in coals, Geokhim., 8, 1023 Zotov, 1972, Arsenical pyrite from the thermal springs of Kunashir Island (Kurile Islands), Geol. Rud. Mestorozhd., 14, 125