GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa‐Arabia‐Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions

American Geophysical Union (AGU) - Tập 111 Số B5 - 2006
Robert Reilinger1, S. McClusky1, Philippe Vernant1, Shawn A. Lawrence1,2, Semih Ergintav3, R. Çakmak3, Haluk Özener4, Fakhraddin Kadirov5, I. S. Guliev5, Ruben Stepanyan6, M. Nadariya7, Galaktion Hahubia7, Salah Mahmoud8, K. Sakr8, Abdullah ArRajehi9, Demitris Paradissis10, A. Al‐Aydrus11, M. T. Prilepin12, Т.В. Гусева12, Emre Evren13,14, A. I. Dmitrotsa15, S. V. Filikov15, Francisco Gomez16, R. Al-Ghazzi17, Gebran N. Karam18
1Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
2Now at University Navstar Consortium (UNAVCO), Boulder, Colorado, USA.
3Turkish National Science Foundation, Marmara Research Center Earth and Marine Sciences Research Institute Gebze Turkey
4Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
5Geology Institute; National Academy of Sciences; Baku Azerbaijan
6National Survey for Seismic Protection Yerevan Armenia
7Joint Stock Company “Airgeodetic” Tbilisi Georgia
8National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
9King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
10Higher Geodesy Laboratory, National Technical University, Athens, Greece
11Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Yemen
12Universal Institute of Physics of the Earth Moscow Russia
13Eurasian Institute of Earth Sciences Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
14Now at Geophysics Research Group, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Derry, Northern Ireland.
15Crimea Radio Astronomical Observatory Simiez, Crimea Ukraine
16Department of Geological Sciences; University of Missouri-Columbia; Columbia Missouri USA
17Higher Institute of Applied Science and Technology Damascus Syria
18Department of Civil Engineering, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon

Tóm tắt

The GPS‐derived velocity field (1988–2005) for the zone of interaction of the Arabian, African (Nubian, Somalian), and Eurasian plates indicates counterclockwise rotation of a broad area of the Earth's surface including the Arabian plate, adjacent parts of the Zagros and central Iran, Turkey, and the Aegean/Peloponnesus relative to Eurasia at rates in the range of 20–30 mm/yr. This relatively rapid motion occurs within the framework of the slow‐moving (∼5 mm/yr relative motions) Eurasian, Nubian, and Somalian plates. The circulatory pattern of motion increases in rate toward the Hellenic trench system. We develop an elastic block model to constrain present‐day plate motions (relative Euler vectors), regional deformation within the interplate zone, and slip rates for major faults. Substantial areas of continental lithosphere within the region of plate interaction show coherent motion with internal deformations below ∼1–2 mm/yr, including central and eastern Anatolia (Turkey), the southwestern Aegean/Peloponnesus, the Lesser Caucasus, and Central Iran. Geodetic slip rates for major block‐bounding structures are mostly comparable to geologic rates estimated for the most recent geological period (∼3–5 Myr). We find that the convergence of Arabia with Eurasia is accommodated in large part by lateral transport within the interior part of the collision zone and lithospheric shortening along the Caucasus and Zagros mountain belts around the periphery of the collision zone. In addition, we find that the principal boundary between the westerly moving Anatolian plate and Arabia (East Anatolian fault) is presently characterized by pure left‐lateral strike slip with no fault‐normal convergence. This implies that “extrusion” is not presently inducing westward motion of Anatolia. On the basis of the observed kinematics, we hypothesize that deformation in the Africa‐Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone is driven in large part by rollback of the subducting African lithosphere beneath the Hellenic and Cyprus trenches aided by slab pull on the southeastern side of the subducting Arabian plate along the Makran subduction zone. We further suggest that the separation of Arabia from Africa is a response to plate motions induced by active subduction.

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American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Tập 111 Số B5

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