Hyperspectral discrimination of tropical rain forest tree species at leaf to crown scales

Achard, 2002, Determination of deforestation rates of the world's humid tropical forests, Science, 297, 999, 10.1126/science.1070656 Anderson, 2001, A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance, Austral Ecology, 26, 32 Anderson, 2004 Asner, 1998, Biophysical and biochemical sources of variability in canopy reflectance, Remote Sensing of Environment, 64, 234, 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00014-5 Basedow, 1995, HYDICE system: Implementation and performance, Vol. 2480 Castro-Esau, 2004, Discrimination of lianas and trees with leaf-level hyperspectral data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 90, 353, 10.1016/j.rse.2004.01.013 Clark, 2003, Tropical rain forest tree growth and atmospheric carbon dynamics linked to interannual temperature variation during 1984–2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 5852, 10.1073/pnas.0935903100 Clark, 1998, Edaphic variation and the mesoscale distribution of tree species in a neotropical rain forest, Journal of Ecology, 86, 101, 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00238.x Clark, 2004, Application of 1-m and 4-m resolution satellite data to studies of tree demography, stand structure and land-use classification in tropical rain forest landscapes, Ecological Applications, 14, 61, 10.1890/02-5120 Clark, 2004, Small-footprint lidar estimation of sub-canopy elevation and tree height in a tropical rain forest landscape, Remote Sensing of Environment, 9, 68, 10.1016/j.rse.2004.02.008 Clément, 1974, Utilization des photographies aériennes au 1/5.000 en coleur pour la détection de l'Okoumé dans la forêt dense du Gabon, Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 153, 3 Cochrane, 2000, Using vegetation reflectance variability for species level classification of hyperspectral data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 2075, 10.1080/01431160050021303 Cochrane, 1999, Positive feedbacks in the fire dynamic of closed canopy tropical forests, Science, 284, 1832, 10.1126/science.284.5421.1832 Congalton, 1983, A quantitative method to test for consistency and correctness in photointerpretation, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 49, 69 Curran, 1989, Remote sensing of foliar chemistry, Remote Sensing of Environment, 30, 271, 10.1016/0034-4257(89)90069-2 Dixon, 1994, Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems, Science, 262, 185, 10.1126/science.263.5144.185 Duda, 1973 Fearnside, 1999, Biodiversity as an environmental service in Brazil's Amazonian forests: risks, value and conservation, Environmental Conservation, 26, 305, 10.1017/S0376892999000429 Foody, 2003, Remote sensing of tropical forest environments: Towards the monitoring of environmental resources for sustainable development, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24, 4035, 10.1080/0143116031000103853 Foody, 2003, Predictive relations of tropical forest biomass from Landsat TM data and their transferability between regions, Remote Sensing of Environment, 85, 463, 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00039-7 Frankie, 1974, Comparative phenological studies of trees in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica, Journal of Ecology, 62, 881, 10.2307/2258961 Fung, 1998, Hyperspectral data analysis for subtropical tree species recognition, vol. 3, 1298 Gao, 1990, Column atmospheric water-vapor and vegetation liquid water retrievals from airborne imaging spectrometer data, Journal of Geophysical Research, D: Atmospheres, 95, 3549, 10.1029/JD095iD04p03549 Gausman, 1985 Gillespie, 2004, Prospects for quantifying structure, floristic composition and species richness of tropical forests, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 707, 10.1080/01431160310001598917 Gong, 1997, Conifer species recognition: An exploratory analysis of in situ hyperspectral data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 62, 189, 10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00094-1 Gougeon, 1995, Comparison of possible multispectral classification schemes for tree crowns individually delineated on high spatial resolution MEIS images, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 1, 10.1080/07038992.1995.10874590 Gougeon, 2003, Forest information extraction from high spatial resolution images using an individual tree crown approach Grant, 1987, Diffuse and specular characteristics of leaf reflectance, Remote Sensing of Environment, 22, 309, 10.1016/0034-4257(87)90064-2 Haertel, 1999, On the classification of classes with nearly equal spectral response in remote sensing hyperspectral image data, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 37, 2374, 10.1109/36.789636 Hartshorn, 1994, Vegetation types and floristic patterns, 73 Herwitz, 1998, Redefining the ecological niche of a tropical rain forest canopy tree species using airborne imagery: Long-term crown dynamics of Toona ciliata, Journal of Tropical Ecology, 14, 683, 10.1017/S0266467498000480 Hudson, 1987, Correct formulation of the kappa coefficient of agreement, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 53, 421 Jackson, 2001, An adaptive classifier design for high-dimensional data analysis with a limited training data set, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 39, 2664, 10.1109/36.975001 Key, 2001, A comparison of multispectral and multitemporal information in high spatial resolution imagery for classification of individual tree species in a temperate hardwood forest, Remote Sensing of Environment, 75, 100, 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00159-0 Kokaly, 1999, Spectroscopic determination of leaf biochemistry using band-depth analysis of absorption features and stepwise multiple linear regression, Remote Sensing of Environment, 67, 267, 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00084-4 Kruse, 1993, The spectral image-processing system (SIPS)-interactive visualization and analysis of imaging spectrometer data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 44, 145, 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90013-N Krzanowski, 2001, Data-based interval estimation of classification error, Journal of Applied Statistics, 28, 585, 10.1080/02664760120047915 Laurance, 2004, Pervasive alteration of tree communities in undisturbed Amazonian forests, Nature, 438, 171, 10.1038/nature02383 Leckie, 1999, An assessment of both visual and automated tree counting and species identification with high spatial resolution multispectral imagery, 141 Leckie, 2003, Stand delineation and composition estimation using semi-automated individual tree crown analysis, Remote Sensing of Environment, 85, 355, 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00013-0 McArdle, 2001, Fitting multivariate models to community data: A comment on distance-based redundancy analysis, Ecology, 82, 290, 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0290:FMMTCD]2.0.CO;2 McGraw, 1998, High spatial resolution remote sensing of forest trees, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 13, 300, 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01414-1 Meyer, 1996, Semi-automated procedures for tree species identification in high spatial resolution data from digitized colour infrared-aerial photography, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 51, 5, 10.1016/0924-2716(96)00003-2 Myers, 1981, Rainforest species on large-scale colour photos, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 47, 505 Nagendra, 2001, Using remote sensing to assess biodiversity, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22, 2377, 10.1080/01431160117096 Newstrom, 1994, Diversity of long-term flowering patterns, 142 O'Brien, J. J. (2001). The effects of climate on the growth and physiology of tropical rainforest trees. PhD Dissertation. Florida International University, Miami, Florida. Poorter, 1995, Leaf optical-properties along a vertical gradient in a tropical rain-forest canopy in Costa-Rica, American Journal of Botany, 82, 1257, 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12659.x Powell, G. (2001). Senior Conservation Scientist, World Wildlife Fund, Monteverde, Costa Rica. Personal communication. Powell, 2004, Sources of error in accuracy assessment of thematic land-cover maps in the Brazilian Amazon, Remote Sensing of Environment, 90, 221, 10.1016/j.rse.2003.12.007 R Development Core Team, 2004 Read, 2003, Application of merged 1-m and 4-m resolution satellite data to research and management in tropical forests, Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 592, 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00814.x Roberts, 1998, Mapping chaparral in the Santa Monica Mountains using multiple endmember spectral mixture models, Remote Sensing of Environment, 65, 267, 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00037-6 Roberts, 1998, Spectral changes with leaf aging in Amazon caatinga, Trees-Structure and Function, 12, 315, 10.1007/s004680050157 Roberts, 2002, Large area mapping of land-cover change in Rondônia using multitemporal spectral mixture analysis and decision tree classifiers, Journal of Geophysical Research, D: Atmospheres, 107, 8073, 10.1029/2001JD000374 Roberts, 2004, Spectral and structural measures of Northwest forest vegetation at leaf to landscape scales, Ecosystems, 7, 545, 10.1007/s10021-004-0144-5 Rocchio, L.E. (2000). Lidar remote sensing of sub-canopy topography. Master's Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA. Skole, 1993, Tropical deforestation and habitat fragmentation in the Amazon—satellite data from 1978 to 1988, Science, 260, 1905, 10.1126/science.260.5116.1905 Steininger, 2001, Tropical deforestation in the Bolivian Amazon, Environmental Conservation, 28, 127, 10.1017/S0376892901000133 Tabachnick, 1989 Thomas, 2004, Extinction risk from climate change, Nature, 427, 145, 10.1038/nature02121 Trichon, 2001, Crown typology and identification of rain forest trees on large-scale aerial photographs, Plant Ecology, 153, 301, 10.1023/A:1017524126999 Tuomisto, 2003, Linking floristic patterns with soil heterogeneity and satellite imagery in Ecuadorian Amazonia, Ecological Applications, 13, 352, 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0352:LFPWSH]2.0.CO;2 van Aardt, 2001, Spectral separability among six southern tree species, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 67, 1367 Whitmore, 1990 Woolley, 1971, Reflectance and transmittance of light by leaves, Plant Physiology, 47, 656, 10.1104/pp.47.5.656