Poisoning due to organophosphate insecticides

Hestrin, 1949, The reaction of acetylcholine and other carboxylic acid derivatives with hydroxylamine, and its analytical application, J Biol Chem, 180, 249, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)56740-5 Fish, 1965, A rapid screening technique for the identification of organic phosphate insecticides in gastric lavage fluid or dermal residues, J Forensic Sci, 10, 473 Andreas-Ludwicka, 1964, Ein ungewöhnlicher Mord-und Selbstmordfall bei Anwendung eines Metasystox-Präparates, Arch Med Sad Psychiat Sad Kryminal, 16, 69 Weyrich, 1964, Ungewöhnliche Fälle von Vergiftungen mit E 605, Archiv Kriminol, 134, 61 Petersohn, 1965, Kasuistische Beiträge zu ungewöhnliche E 605 Vergiftungen, Arch Toxik, 21, 168, 10.1007/BF02340559 Rao, 1965, An unusual case of diazinon poisoning, Indian J Med Sci, 19, 768 Modica, 1966, Un caso di suicidio por inieioni di esteri fosforici, Minerva Medicoleg, 86, 192 Wulfsohn, 1966, Acute phospholine intoxication after intracutaneous injection, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 7, 44, 10.1002/cpt19667144 Knolle, 1970, Suicidale Vergiftung durch subcutane Injektion eines Gemisches von Parathion und Demeton-O-methylsulfoxid (E605MR), Arch Toxik, 26, 29, 10.1007/BF00577965 Moeller, 1962, Plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activity as indications of the threshold of incipient toxicity of ethyl-p-nitrophenyl thionobenzine phosphonate (EPN) and malathion in human beings, Toxic Appl Pharmacol, 4, 123, 10.1016/0041-008X(62)90081-9 Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japanese Government, 1970 Toivonen, 1959, Parathion poisoning. Increasing frequency in Finland, Lancet, 2, 175, 10.1016/S0140-6736(59)90578-1 Frost, 1964, Poisoning due to parathion and other organophosphorus insecticides in Denmark, Danish Med Bull, 11, 169 Department of Public Health, State of California, 1960, Reports of Occupational Disease Attributed to Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals Reich, 1968, Pesticide poisoning in South Florida, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 17, 768, 10.1080/00039896.1968.10665318 Hayes, 1959, Pesticides in relation to public health, Ann Rev Entom, 5, 379, 10.1146/annurev.en.05.010160.002115 Grob, 1953, The effect and treatment of nerve gas poisoning, Amer J Med, 14, 52, 10.1016/0002-9343(53)90358-1 Hiraki, 1955, Clinical problems and management of parathion (Folidol) poisoning, Nippon Iji Shimpo No. 1636, 7 Namba, 1958, PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) therapy for alkylphosphate poisoning, JAMA, 166, 1834, 10.1001/jama.1958.02990150030007 Grob, 1958, Treatment of anticholinesterase intoxication with oximes. Use in normal subjects and in patients with myasthenia gravis, JAMA, 166, 1855, 10.1001/jama.1958.62990150001011 Grob, 1958, Use of oximes in the treatment of intoxication by anticholinesterase compounds in normal subjects, Amer J Med, 24, 497, 10.1016/0002-9343(58)90290-0 Namba, 1959, Antidotal property of oximes against alkylphosphate poisoning, Nippon Naika Gakkai Z, 47, 1542, 10.2169/naika.47.1542 Namba, 1959, Treatment of severe organophosphate poisoning with large dose of PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide), Naika Ryoiki, 7, 709 Dixon, 1957, Dilatation of the pupils in parathion poisoning, JAMA, 163, 444, 10.1001/jama.1957.82970410003009a Hruban, 1963, Hypoglycemia resulting from insecticide poisoning. Report of a case, JAMA, 184, 590, 10.1001/jama.1963.73700200011025b Rausch, 1954, Klinischer Verlauf einer geretteten E605-Vergiftung, Aerztl Wschr, 9, 1053 Taylor, 1965, Effect of a combination of atropine, metaraminol, and pyridine aldoxime methanesulfonate on normal human subject, Canad Med Ass J, 93, 957 Grob, 1958, Use of oximes in the treatment of intoxication by anticholinesterase compounds in patients with myasthenia gravis, Amer J Med, 24, 512, 10.1016/0002-9343(58)90291-2 Erdmann, 1963, Ein neuer Esterase-Reactivator für die Behandlung von Vergiftungen mit Alkylphosphaten, Deutsch Med Wschr, 88, 2201, 10.1055/s-0028-1112348 Clarmam, 1966, Über eine erfolgreich behandlte akute orale Vergiftung durch Fenthion und dessen Nachweis in Mageninhalt und Harn, Arch Toxik, 22, 2, 10.1007/BF00578000 Schlaak, 1966, Schwere Vergiftung mit Diisopropylfluorphosphat, Arch Toxik, 22, 155, 10.1007/BF00577686 Stoeckel, 1966, Über eine gewerbliche Vergiftung durch Mevinphos, Arch Toxik, 21, 284, 10.1007/BF00583843 Barckow, 1969, Zur Behandlung der schweren Parathion-(E-605)-Vergiftung mit dem Cholinesterase-Reaktivator Obidoxim (Toxogonan), Arch Toxik, 24, 133, 10.1007/BF00577820 Prinz, 1969, Eine schwere percutane Vergiftung mit Parathion (E605), Arch Toxik, 25, 318, 10.1007/BF00577785 Wender, 1969, On a successfully treated acute oral paraoxone (E600) poisoning, Arch Toxik, 25, 329, 10.1007/BF00577786 Namba, 1959, Effect of oximes on organophosphate poisoning, Naika Ryoiki, 7, 684 Hobbiger, 1957, Protection against the lethal effects of organophosphates by pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide, Brit J Pharmacol, 12, 438 Kewitz, 1957, A specific antidote against lethal alkylphosphate intoxication. IV. Effects in brain, Arch Biochem, 66, 271 Rutland, 1958, The effect of some oximes in sarin poisoning, Brit J Pharmacol, 13, 399 Edery, 1959, Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide and diacetylmonoxime against poisoning by organophosphorus compounds, Arch Int Pharmacodyn, 121, 104 Hobbiger, 1959, Protection against lethal organophosphate poisoning by quaternary pyridine aldoxime, Brit J Pharmacol, 14, 192 O'Leary, 1959, The effect of 2-formyl-1-methylpyridinium iodide oxime (2-PAM) on reactivation of tissue cholinesterase following poisoning by a certain phosphate anticholinesterase, 18, 430 Cohen, 1960, Oximes in the treatment of nerve gas poisoning, Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl, 9, 276 Schaumann, 1960, Maximal inhibition of cholinesterase in the central nervous system, Brit J Pharmacol, 15, 432 Namba, 1959, Inhibition by organophosphates and reactivation by oximes of tissue cholinesterase, Naika Ryoiki, 7, 680 Rosenberg, 1960, In vivo reactivation by PAM of brain cholinesterase inhibited by paraoxon, Biochem Pharmacol, 3, 212, 10.1016/0006-2952(60)90109-X Erdmann, 1965, Vergleichende Untersuchungen über das Penetrationsvermögen einiger esterasereaktivierender Oxime in das zentrale Nervensystem, Arzneimittelforschung, 15, 135 Hobbiger, 1966, The reactivating and antidotal actions of N,N'-trimethylenebis (pyridinium-4-aldoxime) (TMB-4) and N,N'-oxydimethylenebis (pyridinium-4-aldoxime) (Toxogonin), with particular reference to their effect on phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase in the brain, Biochem Pharmacol, 15, 1677, 10.1016/0006-2952(66)90075-X Milosevíc, 1966, Reactivation of paraoxon-inactivated cholinesterase in the rat cerebral cortex by pralidoxime chloride, Nature (London), 210, 206, 10.1038/210206a0 Hobbiger, 1967, The reactivation by pyridinium aldoximes of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase in the central nervous system, Biochem Pharmacol, 16, 455, 10.1016/0006-2952(67)90093-7 Jager, 1958, Studies on distribution and disappearance of pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide (PAM) and of diacetyl monoxime (DAM) in man and in experimental animals, Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp, 102, 225 Loomis, 1963, Distribution and excretion of pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide (PAM); atropine and PAM in sarin poisoning, Toxic Appl Pharmacol, 5, 489, 10.1016/0041-008X(63)90021-8 Firemark, 1964, The penetration of 2-PAM-C14 into brain and the effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on its transport, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 145, 252 Jager, 1958, Toxicity of diacetyl monoxime and of pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide in man, Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp, 102, 203 Edery, 1963, The passage of pyridine-2-aldoxime methyl methane sulphonate to foetus and cerebral spaces, Bull Res Council Israel No 3–4, 10 Longo, 1960, Aspects électroencéphalographiques de l'antagonism entre le iodométhylate de 2-pyridine aldoxime (PAM) et le méthylfluorophosphate d'isopropyle (sarin), Arch Int Pharmacodyn, 123, 282 Wellköner, 1964, Elektroenzephalographische Untersuchungen über TMB 4, Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für experimentelle Medizin der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, vol 5, 188 Haschke, 1965, Elektroenzephalographische Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Paraoxon und neueren Cholinesterasereaktivatoren, Acta Biol Med German, 14, 700 Edery, 1962, Effects of organophosphorus compounds, oximes and atropine injected into the third ventricle of unanesthetized dogs, Brit J Pharmacol, 18, 19 Hiraki, 1956, Progress in the management of parathion poisoning. Introduction of cholinesterase reactivator PAM, Nippon Iji Shimpo, 1702, 10 Hiraki, 1958, Effect of 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide (PAM) against parathion (Folidol) poisoning. Analysis of 39 cases, Naika Ryoiki, 6, 84 Karlog, 1958, Parathion (Bladan) forgiftning, behandlet med 2-PAM (pyridyl-(2)-aldoxim-N-metyljodid), Ugeskr Laeg, 120, 177 Erdmann, 1958, Erfahrungen bei der spezifischen Behandlung einer E605-Vergiftungen mit Atropin und dem Esteraseaktivator PAM, Deutsch Med Wschr, 83, 1359, 10.1055/s-0028-1113788 Funckes, 1960, Treatment of severe parathion poisoning with 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM), Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 1, 404, 10.1080/00039896.1960.10662714 Schuchter, 1960, Kombinierte Behandlung einer Vergiftung duch Diäthyl-pnitrophenyl-thiophosphate mit Pyridin-aldoxim-(2)-methojodid und Atropin, Arzneimittelforschung, 10, 399 Namba, 1959, Pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide (PAM) therapy for organophosphate poisoning, with special reference to EPN poisoning, Naika Ryoiki, 7, 714 Shankar, 1966, Pralidoxime chloride in diazinon poisoning. A report of six cases, J Indian Med Ass, 46, 263 DePalma, 1970, Pesticide poisoning in children, JAMA, 211, 1979, 10.1001/jama.1970.03170120025004 Quinby, 1964, Further therapeutic experience with pralidoxime in organic phosphorus poisoning, JAMA, 187, 202, 10.1001/jama.1964.03060160030007 Perron, 1969, Insecticide poisoning, New Eng J Med, 281, 274, 10.1056/NEJM196907312810524 Older, 1969, Food poisoning caused by carbophenothion, JAMA, 209, 1328, 10.1001/jama.1969.03160220018004 Dinman, 1964, Acute combined toxicity due to DDVP and chlordane, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 9, 765, 10.1080/00039896.1964.10663923 Chiantera, 1968, Comportamento della colinesterasi del siero in sapporto al trattamento con ossime un caso di intossicazione acuta da Rogor, Rass Int Clin Ter, 48, 843 Warren, 1963, Clothing-borne epidemic. Organophosphate poisoning in children, JAMA, 184, 266, 10.1001/jama.1963.03700170058008 Bratchfeld, 1965, Organic phosphate (Phosdrin) intoxication. Report of a case and the results of treatment with 2-PAM, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 11, 859, 10.1080/00039896.1965.10664314 Erdmann, 1960, Vergiftung mit Diisopropylfluorophosphat, Arch Toxik, 18, 151, 10.1007/BF00577280 Mamo, 1958, Evaluation and use of oximes in ophthalmology, Amer J Ophthal, 46, 724, 10.1016/0002-9394(58)91271-6 Becker, 1959, The tonographic effects of echothiophate (phospholine) iodide. Reversal by pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide (P2AM), Amer J Ophthal, 47, 635, 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)78187-5 Namba, 1970, Malathion poisoning. A fatal case with cardiac manifestations, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 21, 533, 10.1080/00039896.1970.10667285 Barr, 1964, Poisoning by anticholinesterase organic phosphates. Its significance in anaesthesia, Med J Aust, 1, 792, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1964.tb114296.x Barr, 1966, Further experience in the treatment of severe organic phosphate poisoning, Med J Aust, 1, 490, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1966.tb72524.x Gitelson, 1965, Phosphamidon poisoning, Brit J Industr Med, 22, 236 Davies, 1967, Disturbances of metabolism in organophosphate poisoning, Industr Med Surg, 36, 58 Durcham, 1962, Organic phosphorus poisoning and its therapy, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 5, 21, 10.1080/00039896.1962.10663237 Ellin, 1964, Oximes antagonistic to inhibitors of cholinesterase. II, J Pharm Sci, 53, 1143, 10.1002/jps.2600531002 Namba, 1958, PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide) as a prophylactic agent for parathion poisoning, Naika Ryoiki, 6, 442 Quinby, 1968, Feasibility of prophylaxis by oral pralidoxime, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 16, 812, 10.1080/00039896.1968.10665158 Kondritzer, 1968, Blood plasma levels and elimination of salts of 2-PAM in man after oral administration, J Pharm Sci, 57, 1142, 10.1002/jps.2600570711 Namba, 1958, Toxicity of PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide), Naika Ryoiki, 6, 437 Wislicki, 1960, Differences in the effect of oximes on striated muscle and respiratory centre, Arch Int Pharmacodyn, 129, 1 Elliot, 1968, Effect of pralidoxime on electrical activity of the cat brain, 129, 443 Enander, 1961, Metabolic studies on N-methylpyridinium-2-aldoxime-I. The conversion to thiocyanate, Biochem Pharmacol, 7, 226, 10.1016/0006-2952(61)90088-0 Calesnick, 1967, Human toxicity of various oximes, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 15, 599, 10.1080/00039896.1967.10664975 Taylor, 1965, Poisoning with organo-phosphorus insecticides, Canad Med Ass J, 93, 966 Grob, 1947, The administration of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) to man. III. Effect on the central nervous system with special reference to the electrical activity of the brain, Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp, 81, 257 Holmes, 1964, Organophosphorus insecticides in Colorado, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 9, 445, 10.1080/00039896.1964.10663864 Dille, 1964, Central nervous system effects of chronic exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, Aerospace Med, 35, 475 Holmes, 1957, Observations on acute and multiple exposure to anticholinesterase agents, Trans Amer Clin Climat Ass, 68, 86 Gershon, 1961, Psychiatric sequelae of chronic exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, Lancet, 1, 1371, 10.1016/S0140-6736(61)92004-9 Tabershaw, 1966, Sequelae of acute organic phosphate poisoning, J Occup Med, 8, 5 Rowntree, 1950, The effects of diisopropyl fluorophosphonate in schizophrenic and manic depressive psychosis, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat, 13, 47, 10.1136/jnnp.13.1.47 Stoller, 1965, Organophosphorus insecticides and major mental illness. An epidemiological investigation, Lancet, 1, 1387, 10.1016/S0140-6736(65)92179-3 Bowers, 1964, Some behavioral changes in man following anticholinesterase administration, J Nerv Ment Dis, 138, 383, 10.1097/00005053-196404000-00009 Durham, 1965, Organophosphorus insecticides and mental alertness, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 10, 55, 10.1080/00039896.1965.10663953 Durham, 1956, Paralysis and related effects of certain organic phosphorus compounds, Arch Industr Health, 13, 326 Witter, 1963, Relationship between depression of brain or plasma cholinesterase and paralysis in chickens caused by certain organic phosphorus compounds, Biochem Pharmacol, 12, 1377, 10.1016/0006-2952(63)90207-7 Gaines, 1969, Acute toxicity of pesticides, Toxic Appl Pharmacol, 14, 515, 10.1016/0041-008X(69)90013-1 Cavanagh, 1961, Localization of cholinesterase in the chicken nervous system and the problem of the selective neurotoxicity of organophosphorous compounds, Brit J Pharmacol, 16, 218 Cavanagh, 1961, Comparison of the functional effects of dyflos, tri-o-cresyl phosphate, and tri-p-ethylphenyl phosphate in chickens, Brit J Pharmacol, 17, 21 Albertini, 1968 Gross, 1968, Clinical aspects: diagnosis and symptomatology Bidstrup, 1953, Paralysis following poisoning by a new organic phosphorus insecticide (mipafox). Report on two cases, Brit Med J, 1, 1068, 10.1136/bmj.1.4819.1068 Petry, 1961, Polyneuritis durch E 605, Zbl Arbeitsmed, 1, 86 Petry, 1952, Arch Industr Hyg, 6, 461 Petty, 1958, Organic phosphate insecticide poisoning. Residual effects in two cases, Amer J Med, 24, 467, 10.1016/0002-9343(58)90332-2 Parker, 1955, A case of malathion intoxication in a ten year old girl, J Indiana Med Ass, 48, 491 Goldman, 1958, Malathion poisoning in a 34 month old child following accidental ingestion, J Pediat, 52, 76, 10.1016/S0022-3476(58)80013-X Goldin, 1964, Malathion poisoning with special reference to the effect of cholinesterase inhibition on erythrocyte survival, New Eng J Med, 271, 1289, 10.1056/NEJM196412172712504 Healy, 1959, Ascending paralysis following malathion intoxication, Med J Aust, 1, 765, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1959.tb88846.x Davignon, 1965, A study of the chronic effects of insecticides in man, Canad Med Ass J, 92, 597 Kovarik, 1966, The influence of the organophosphate insecticides on the nervous system of man, 6, 209 Hiraki, 1957, Liver function in poisoning by agricultural insecticides, Sogo Rinsho (Clinic All-round), 6, 1326 von Kaulla, 1961, Changes following anticholinesterase exposures: Blood coagulation studies, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 2, 168, 10.1080/00039896.1961.10662831 von Lutterotti, 1961, Leberschädigung bei Vergiftung mit Insektiziden aus der Reihe der Cholinesterase-Blocker, Med Welt, 46, 2430 Barnes, 1951, The chronic toxicity of p-nitrophenyl diethyl thiophosphate (E 605). A long-term feeding experiment with rats, J Hyg (Camb), 49, 430, 10.1017/S0022172400066742 Kalow, 1961, Second generation toxicity of malathion in rats, Nature (London), 192, 464, 10.1038/192464a0 Fish, 1966, Organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors and fetal development, Amer J Obstet Gynec, 96, 1148, 10.1016/0002-9378(66)90526-6 Dobbins, 1967, Organic phosphate insecticides as teratogens in the rat, J Florida Med Ass, 54, 452 Tanimura, 1967, Embryotoxicity of acute exposure to methylparathion in rats and mice, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 15, 609, 10.1080/00039896.1967.10664976 Kimbrough, 1968, Effect of organic phosphorus compounds and alkylating agents on the rat fetus, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 16, 805, 10.1080/00039896.1968.10665156 Ogi, 1965, Case reports on fetal deaths and malformations of extremities probably related to the insecticide poisoning, J Jap Obstet Gynec Soc, 17, 569 Adebahr, 1966, Veränderungen an der Eizelle des Menschen bei E 605-Vergiftung, Deutsch Z Ges Gerichtl Med, 58, 248 Milby, 1964, Allergic contact sensitivity to malathion, Arch Environ Health (Chicago), 9, 434, 10.1080/00039896.1964.10663862 Stadt, 1965, Ungewöhnliche Folgen eines Suzidversuchs mit E 605, Med Klin, 60, 18 Weiner, 1961, Bronchial asthmas due to organic phosphate insecticides. A case report, Ann Allerg, 19, 397