Exopolysaccharide of Nostoc muscorum (Cyanobacteria) in the aggregation of soil particles
Tóm tắt
The effects on a saline-sodic soil of exopolysaccaride isolated from Nostoc Muscorum or the addition of a cyanobacterial mass proliferation were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. By day 180 exopolysaccharide increased soluble C by 100%, microbial activity by 366% and the amount of water-stable aggregates larger than 250μm by 12 times. Inoculation with living cyanobacterial mass increased at the end of 365 oxidizable C by 11%, soluble C by 66%, microbial activity by 73% and aggregates larger than 250 μm by66%. A slimy film 3–5 mm thick, with N. Muscorum predominating, covered all the surface of inoculated soils. The higher soil aggregate stability produced by both treatments is a consequence of increased microbial activity and concentrating the soil polysaccharide. The high percentage of clays favours the creation of firm and long-lasting slime-mineral joints. Addition of isolated exopolysaccharide produces a faster and higher increase in soil aggregate stability than cyanobacterial mass inoculation.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alef K, Kleiner D (1987) Applicability of arginine ammonification as indicator of microbial activity in different soils. Biol. Fert. Soils 5: 148–151.
Allen MM, Stanier RY (1968) Growth and division of some unicellular blue-green algae. J. gen Microbiol 51: 199–202.
Bailey D, Mazurak AP, Rosowski JR (1973) Aggregation of soil particles by algae. J. Phycol. 9: 99–101.
Barclay WR, Lewin RA (1985) Microalgal polysaccharide production for the conditioning of agricultural soils. Plant and Soil 88: 159–169.
Bouyucos GJ (1962) Hydrometer method improved for making part the size analysis of soils. Agron. J. 54: 464–465.
Cano MS de, Mulé MCZ de, Caire GZ de, Palma RM, Colombo K (1997) Aggregation of soil particles by Nostoc muscorumAg. (Cyanobacteria). Phyton 60(1/2): 35–40.
Davidson EA, Galloway LF, Strand MK (1987) Assessing available carbon: comparison of techniques across selected forest soils. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 18: 45–64.
Drews G, Weckesser J (1982) Function, structure and composition of cell walls and external layers. In Carr NG, Whitton BA (eds) The Biology of Cyanobacteria. Blackwell, Oxford. 688 pp., pp. 333–357.
Gerzabek MH, Kirchmann H, Pichlmayer F (1995) Response of soil aggregate stability to manure amendments in the Ultuna longterm soil organic matter experiment. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk, 158: 257–260.
Grieve IC (1979) Soil aggregate stability test for the geomorphlogist. Br. Geomorph. Res. Gr. 25: 1–28.
Halperin DR de (1969) Biodermas algales y su papel en la consolidación de los agregados del suelo. Algal crusts and their role in soil aggregates consolidation. Physis 29: 37–48.
Kandeler E, Murer E (1993) Aggregate stability and soil microbial processes in a soil with different cultivation. Geoderma 56: 503–513.
Nakagawa M, Takamura Y, Yagi O (1987) Isolation and characterization of the slime from a cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa K-3A Agric. biol. Chem. 51: 329–337.
Panoff JM, Priem B, Morvan H, Joset F (1988) Sulphated exopolysaccharides produced by two unicellular strains of cyanbacteria, SynechocystisPCC6803 and 6714. Arch. Microbiol. 150: 558–563.
Potts M (1994) Desiccation tolerance of prokaryotes. Microbiol. Rev 58: 755–805.
Rogers SL, Burns RG (1994) Changes in aggregate stability, nutrient status, indigenous microbial populations and seedling emergence, following inoculation of soil with Nostoc muscorum. Biol. Fertil. Soils 18: 209–215.
Schulten JA (1985) Soil aggregation by cryptogams of a sand prairie. Amer. J. Bot. 72: 1657–1661.
Steel RGD, Torrie JH (1985) Principles and Procedures of Statistics, 2nd edn. Mc Graw-Hill Inc. 622 pp.
Sudo H, Burgess JG, Tamemasa H, Nakamura N, Matsunaga T (1995) Sulfated exopolysaccharide production by the halophilic cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa halophytica. Curr. Microbiol 30: 219–222.
United States Department of Agriculture (1994) Key to Soil Taxonomy, (6thedn), 306 pp.
Van Gestel M, Merck R, Vlassak K (1996) Spatial distribution of microbial biomass in microaggregates of a silty-loam soil and the relation with resistance of microorganisms to soil drying. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 28: 503–510.