Geophysical evidence of a large occurrence of mud volcanoes associated with gas plumbing system in the Ross Sea (Antarctica)

Andresen, 2012, Fluid flow features in hydrocarbon plumbing systems: What do they tell us about the basin evolution?, Mar. Geol., 332–334, 89, 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.07.006 Andresen, 2010, A composite mud volcano system in the Chalk Group of the North Sea Central Graben, J. Geol. Soc. London, 167, 1209, 10.1144/0016-76492010-037 Barrett, P. J. and Scientific Staff, 1985. Plio-Pleistocene glacial sequence cored at CIROS 2 Ferrar Fjord, western McMurdo Sound. Victoria University Antarctic Research Expedition Science and Logistics Reports VUWAE 29, 6, 2, 8-19. Barrett, P. J., 1986. Antarctic Cenozoic history from the MSSTS-1 drillhole, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 237, 174 pp. Barrett, P. J., 1989. Antarctic Cenozoic history from the CIROS-1 drillhole, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, 245, 254 pp. Barro Savonuzzi, 2023, Miocene mounds on the Ross Sea paleo-continental shelf: evidence of the onset of Antarctic glaciations or mud volcanoes?, Bulletin of Geophysics and Oceanography, 64, 1 Bart, 2000, Seismic data from the Northern Basin, Ross Sea, record extreme expansions of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the late Neogene, Mar. Geol., 166, 31, 10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00006-2 Bart, 2011, Piston-core based biostratigraphic constraints on Pleistocene oscillations of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in western Ross Sea between North Basin and AND-1B drill site, Mar. Geol., 289, 86, 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.09.005 Behrendt, 1991, Geophysical studies of the West Antarctic Rift System, Tectonics, 10, 1257, 10.1029/91TC00868 Boehm, 1993, Integrated interpretation of geophysical anomalies in the western Ross Sea (Antarctica), Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 35, 119 Brancatelli, G., Forlin, E., Bertone, N., Del Ben, A., Geletti, R., 2022. Time to depth seismic reprocessing of vintage data: A case study in the Otranto Channel (South Adriatic Sea). In: Rebecca Bell, David Iacopini, Mark Vardy, (Eds) Interpreting Subsurface Seismic Data. Elsevier, pp. 157-197. 10.1016/B978-0-12-818562-9.00009-1. Brancolini, G., Busetti, M., Coren, F., De Cillia, C., Marchetti, M., De Santis, L., Zanolla, C., Cooper, A.K., Cochrane, G.R., Zayatz, I., Belyaev, V., Knyazev, M., Vinnikovskaya, O., Davey, F.J., Hinz, K., 1995. ANTOSTRAT Project, seismic stratigraphic atlas of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. In: Cooper, A.K., Barker, P.F., Brancolini, G., (Eds.), Geology and Seismic Stratigraphy of the Antarctic Margin. Antarctic Research Series, vol. 68, AGU Washington, D.C. Cape Roberts Science Team, 1998. Initial report on CRP-1, Cape Roberts Project. Terra Antartica 5(5), 1-187. Cape Roberts Science Team, 1999. Studies from the Cape Roberts Project, Ross Sea, Antarctica, initial report on CRP-2/2A. Terra Antartica 6, 1-173. Cape Roberts Science Team, 2000. Studies from the Cape Roberts Project, Ross Sea, Antarctica, initial report on CRP-3/3A. Terra Antartica 7, 1-209. Cartwright, 2015, Seismic characteristics of fluid escape pipes in sedimentary basins: Implications for pipe genesis, Mar. Pet. Geol., 65, 126, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.03.023 Chow, 2003, West Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding events on the Ross Sea outer continental shelf during the middle Miocene, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 198, 169, 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00400-0 Claerbout, 1985, 398 Claypool, 1983, Methane and other hydrocarbon gases in marine sediment, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 11, 299, 10.1146/annurev.ea.11.050183.001503 Collen J. D., Xinghua Y., Collier R. J., Johnston, J. H., 1989. Hydrocarbon source rock potential and organic maturation. In: Barrett, P. (Ed.), Antarctic Cenozoic history from the CIROS-1 drillhole, McMurdo Sound. DSIR Bulletin, Wellington, 245, 223-230. Cook, R.W., Woolhouse, A.D., 1989. Hydrocarbon residue. In: Barrett, P., (Ed.), Antarctic Cenozoic history from the CIROS-1 drillhole, McMurdo Sound. DSIR Bulletin, Wellington, 245, 211-217. Cooper, 1987, Seismic stratigraphy and structure of the Victoria Land Basin, Western Ross Sea, Antarctica, vol. 5B, 27 Davey, 2000, A revised correlation of the seismic stratigraphy at the Cape Roberts drill sites with the seismic stratigraphy of the Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica, Terra Antartica, 7, 215 Denich, 2021, Amplitude recovery and deconvolution of Chirp and Boomer data for marine geology and offshore engineering, Energies, 14, 1, 10.3390/en14185704 Domack, 2005, Chemotrophic Ecosystem Beneath the Larsen Ice Shelf, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 86, 269, 10.1029/2005EO290001 Dorschel, 2007, Carbonate budget of a cold-water coral carbonate mound: Propeller Mound, Porcupine Seabight, Int. J. Earth Sci., 96, 73, 10.1007/s00531-005-0493-0 Dorschel, 2022, The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2, Sci. Data, 9, 1 Ferraccioli, 2009, Magmatic and tectonic patterns over the Northern Victoria Land sector of the Transantarctic Mountains from new aeromagnetic imaging, Tectonophysics, 478, 43, 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.11.028 Fielding, 2018, Stratigraphic architecture of the Cenozoic succession in the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica: An archive of polar palaeoenvironmental change in a failed rift setting, Sedimentology, 65, 1, 10.1111/sed.12413 Fielding, 2008, Seismic facies and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for tectonic, climatic and glacial history, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 260, 8, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.08.016 Freiwald A., Rogers A., Hall-Spencer J., Guinotte J.M., Davies A.J., Yesson C., Martin C.S., Weatherdon L.V., 2021. Global distribution of cold-water corals (version 5.1). Fifth update to the dataset in Freiwald et al. (2004) by UNEP-WCMC, in collaboration with Andre Freiwald and John Guinotte. Cambridge (UK): UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Data: 10.34892/72x9-rt61. Freiwald, 2006 Gantar, 1993, Gravity and magnetic exploration in the Ross Sea (Antarctica), Bollettino Di Geofisica Teorica e Applicata, 35, 219 Gazdag, 1978, Wave equation migration with the phase-shift method, Geophysics, 43, 1337, 10.1190/1.1440899 Geletti, 2011, A double bottom simulating reflector in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 116 Geletti, 2022, Bottom Simulating Reflector in the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica, 475 Geletti, 1993, Signal/Noise ratio enhancement of a seismic profile in the Ross Sea (Antarctica), Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 35, 173 Giustiniani, 2018, Distribution of the gas hydrate stability zone in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Andean Geology, 45, 78, 10.5027/andgeoV45n1-2989 Greenwood, 2018, Holocene reconfiguration and readvance of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, Nature Communication, 9, 3176, 10.1038/s41467-018-05625-3 Hamilton, 2001, Cenozoic tectonics of the Cape Roberts rift basin and Transantarctic Mountains front, southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica, Tectonics, 20, 325, 10.1029/2000TC001218 Hayes, D.E., Frakes, L.A., et al., 1975. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project., 28. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 1017 pp. Horgan, 2005, Seismic stratigraphy of the Plio-Pleistocene Ross Island flexural moatfill: A prognosis for ANDRILL Program drilling beneath McMurdo-Ross Ice Shelf, Global Planet. Change, 45, 83, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.09.014 Hovland, 2008, Do carbonate reefs form due to fluid seepage?, Terra Nova, 2, 8, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1990.tb00031.x Jensen, 1992, The fauna associated with the banck-forming deepwater coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractiniaria) on the Faroe shelf, Sarsia, 77, 53, 10.1080/00364827.1992.10413492 Kopf, 2002, Significance of mud volcanism, Rev. Geophys., 40, 1, 10.1029/2000RG000093 Kulhanek, 2019, Revised chronostratigraphy of DSDP Site 270 and late Oligocene to early Miocene paleoecology of the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica, Global Planet. Change, 178, 46, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.04.002 Kyle, 1992, Petrologic evolution of anorthoclase phonolite lavas at Mount Erebus, Ross Island, Antarctica, J. Pet., 33, 849, 10.1093/petrology/33.4.849 Lawver, L. A., Davis, M. B., Wilson, T. J. and shipboard scientific party, 2007. Neotectonic and other features of the Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica, interpreted from multibeam bathymetry data. In: Cooper A.K., Raymond C.R., et al., (Eds.), Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World. Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES X, USGS Open-File Report 2007-1047, Extended Abstract 017, 4 p. Lawver, 2012, Flat-topped mounds in western Ross Sea: carbonate mounds or subglacial volcanic features?, Geosphere, 8, 645, 10.1130/GES00766.1 LeMasurier, W.E., Thomson, J.W., Baker, P.E., Kyle, P.R., Rowley, P.D., Smellie, J.L., Verwoerd, W.J., 1990. Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Ocean. Antarctic Research Series, 48, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 487 pp. 10.1029/AR048. Løseth, 2009, Hydrocarbon leakage interpreted on seismic data, Mar. Pet. Geol., 26, 1304, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.09.008 Mazzini, 2017, Mud volcanism: an updated review, Earth-Science Review, 168, 81, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.03.001 McIver, R. D., 1975. Hydrocarbon gases in canned core samples from Leg 28 sites 271, 272, and 273, Ross Sea. In: Hayes, D. E., Frakes, L. A., et al., (Eds.), Initials reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 28, Washington, DC (US Government Printing Office), pp. 815-817. http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.28.128.1975. McKay, R.M., De Santis, L., Kulhanek, and the Expedition 374 Scientists, 2019. Ross Sea West Antarctic Ice Sheet History. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 374: College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). ​10.14379/​iodp.proc.374.2019. Mortensen, 1995, Deep water bioherms of the scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa (L.) at 64°N on the Norwegian Shelf: structure and associated megafauna, Sarsia, 80, 145, 10.1080/00364827.1995.10413586 Naish, 2007, Studies from the ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, Antarctica: Initial science report on AND-1B, Terra Antartica, 14, 328 Naish, 2009, Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic Ice Sheet oscillations, Nature, 458, 322, 10.1038/nature07867 Odonne, 2021, Surface structure, activity and microgravimetry modeling delineate contrasted mud chamber types below flat and conical mud volcanoes from Azerbaijan, Mar. Pet. Geol., 134, 1, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105315 Pekar, 2013, The Offshore New Harbour Project: Deciphering the Middle Miocene through Late Eocene seismic stratigraphy of Offshore New Harbour, western Ross Sea, Antarctica, Geological Society of London Special Publications, 381, 199, 10.1144/SP381.2 Pérez L.F., De Santis L., McKay R.M., Larter R.D., Ash J., Bart P.J., Böhm G., Brancatelli G., Browne I., Colleoni F., Dodd J.P., Geletti R., Harwood D.M., Kuhn G., Sverre Laberg J., Leckie R.M., Levy R.H., Marschalek J., Mateo Z., Naish T.R., Sangiorgi F., Shevenell A.E., Sorlien C.C., Flierdt T. van de, IODP Expedition 374 Scientists, 2021. Early and middle Miocene ice sheet dynamics in the Ross Sea: results from integrated core-log-seismic interpretation. GSA Bull., 134, 3487-370. https://doi.org/10.1130/B35814.1. Pérez, 2022, Miocene ice sheet dynamics in the westernmost Ross Sea (Antarctica): Regional correlations, Global Planet. Change, 216, 10391, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103891 Prothro, 2020, Timing and pathways of East Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat, Quat. Sci. Rev., 230, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106166 Rapp, J. B., Kvenvolden, K. A., Golan-Bac, M., 1987. Hydrocarbon geochemistry of sediments offshore from Antarctica. In: Cooper, A. K., Davey, F. J., (Eds.), The Antarctic Continental Margin: Geology and Geophysics of the Western Ross Sea. Circum-Pacific Council of Energy and Mineral Resource Earth Science Series, vol. 5B, Huston, Texas, pp. 217-224. Remia, A., Hart, C., Oliverio, M. Taviani M., 2003. Bottom carbonate production in Little America Basin, Ross Sea, Antarctica. In: Proceedings of the 4th Meeting on Italian Antarctic Glaciology (4th CONGA), Milan, 25-26 June 2002. Terra Antarctica Reports, 8, 153-157. Revil, A., 2002. Genesis of mud volcanoes in sedimentary basins: a solitary wave-based mechanism. Geophysical Research Letters 29(12), 15-1-15-4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014465. Rilling, 2009, New determinations of 40Ar/39Ar isotopic ages and flow volumes for Cenozoic volcanism in the Terror Rift, Ross Sea, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 114/, B12207, 10.1029/2009JB006303 Roberts, 2006, Reefs of the deep: the biology and geology of cold-water coral ecosystems, Science, 312, 543, 10.1126/science.1119861 Rogers, 1999, The biology of Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus 1758) and other deep-water reef-forming corals and impacts from human activities, International Review Hydrobiology, 84, 315, 10.1002/iroh.199900032 Salvini, F., Brancolini G., Busetti M., Storti F., Mazzarini F., Coren F., 1997. Cenozoic geodynamics of the Ross Sea region, Antarctica: Crustal extension, intraplate strike-slip faulting, and tectonic inheritance, Journal of Geophysical Research 102(B11), 24,669- 24,696. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01643. Sauli, 2014, Late Neogene geomorphological and glacial reconstruction of the northern Victoria Land coast, western Ross Sea (Antarctica), Mar. Geol., 355, 297, 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.06.008 Sauli, 2021, Neogene development of the Terror Rift, western Ross Sea, Antarctica, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 22, 10.1029/2020GC009076 Savage, 1983, Revised History of Glacial Sedimentation in the Ross Sea Region, 555 Ship, 1999, Late Pleistocene-Holocene retreat of the West Antarctic Ice-Sheet system in the Ross Sea: part 1 - geophysical results, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 111, 1486, 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1486:LPHROT>2.3.CO;2 Sloan, 1990, 641 Smellie, 2011, Late Miocene volcanic sequences in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica: products of glaciovolcanic eruptions under different thermal regimes, Bull. Volcanol., 73, 1, 10.1007/s00445-010-0399-y SMS Science Team, 2010. An integrated age model for the ANDRILL-2A drill core. In: K. Kontar, D.M. Harwood, F. Florindo, S. Fischbein (Compilers), ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound Project Science Integration Workshop, Erice, Italy, 6–11th April, 2010, ANDRILL Contribution 16, 12-13. Sorlien, C., Luyendyk, B., Bartek L., 2010. Multi-Channel Seismic Shot Data from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica acquired during the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0301 (2003). Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance (IEDA). doi:10.1594/IEDA/315814. Sorlien, 2007, Oligocene development of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet recorded in eastern Ross Sea strata, Geolog. Soc. Am., 35, 467 Taner, 1979, Complex seismic trace analysis, Geophysics, 44, 1041, 10.1190/1.1440994 ten Brink, U.S., 1995, Morphology and stratal geometry of the Antarctic continental shelf: Insights from models, 68, 1 Wangen, 2022, Models of overpressure build-up in shallow sediments by glacial deposition and glacial loading with respect to chimney formation, Modeling Earth Syst. Environ., 8, 1227, 10.1007/s40808-020-01064-6 Weigelt, 2012, Did massive glacial dewatering modify sedimentary structures on the Amundsen Sea Embayment shelf, West Antarctica?, Global Planet. Change, 92–93, 8, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.04.006