Molecular phylogeny of Psilocybe cyanescens complex in Europe, with reference to the position of the secotioid Weraroa novae-zelandiae

Mycological Progress - Tập 10 - Trang 149-155 - 2010
Jan Borovička1,2, Machiel E. Noordeloos3, Milan Gryndler4, Miroslav Oborník5
1Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
2Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
3Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
4Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
5Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Tóm tắt

A phylogenetic analysis with three molecular markers was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the complex of Psilocybe cyanescens in Europe consists of several, morphologically distinct species. The results support the existence of two molecularly well-supported morphological groups, that of Psilocybe cyanescens and P. azurescens on the one hand, and the complex of P. serbica on the other. However, in the last group, no sequence variability within the three molecular markers from P. serbica and related taxa P. bohemica, P. arcana, and P. moravica was found. It was decided, therefore, to merge these taxa into P. serbica, and to distinguish them below species level. It was also demonstrated that the secotioid Weraroa novae-zelandiae belongs to the P. cyanescens species complex. Accordingly, it was transferred to Psilocybe as P. weraroa, nomen novum.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Anderson C, Kristinsson J, Gry J (2008) Occurrence and use of hallucinogenic mushrooms containing psilocybin alkaloids. TemaNord 2008:606, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen Antonín V, Tomšovský M, Sedlák P, Májek T, Jankovský L (2009) Morphological and molecular characterization of the Armillaria cepistipes – A. gallica complex in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Mycol Prog 8:259–271 Bon M, Roux P (2003) Clé analytique de la famille Strophariaceae Singer & A.H. Smith. Doc Mycol 129:3–54 Borovička J (2003) The bluing Psilocybe species of the Czech Republic III. Psilocybe moravica sp. nova, the Moravian Psilocybe. Mykol Sborn 80:126–141 Borovička J (2005) The bluing species of Psilocybe of the Czech Republic IV. The problem of Psilocybe cyanescens Wakef. Mykol Sborn 82:1–21 Borovička J (2006) New variety of Psilocybe moravica and notes on Psilocybe bohemica. Czech Mycol 58:75–80 Borovička J (2008) The wood-rotting bluing Psilocybe species in Central Europe – an identification key. Czech Mycol 60:173–192 Borovička J, Hlaváček J (2001a) The bluing Psilocybe species of the Czech Republic I. Psilocybe arcana Borovička et Hlaváček, the mysterious Psilocybe [In Czech]. Mykol Sborn 78:2–7 Borovička J, Hlaváček J (2001b) The bluing Psilocybe species of the Czech Republic II. Psilocybe bohemica Šebek, the Bohemian Psilocybe [In Czech]. Mykol Sborn 78:57–65 Bridge PD, Spooner BM, Beever RE, Park DC (2008) Taxonomy of the fungus commonly known as Stropharia aurantiacea, with new combinations in Leratiomyces. Mycotaxon 103:109–121 Courtecuisse R, Deveaux M (2004) Mycology and toxicology of hallucinogenic mushrooms in Europe and the Americas [In French]. Ann Toxicol Anal 16:36–64 Cruse M, Telerant R, Gallagher T, Taylor JW (2002) Cryptic species in Stachybotrys chartarum. Mycologia 94:814–822 Dennis RWG, Wakefield EM (1946) New or interesting British fungi. Trans Br Mycol Soc 29:141–142 Gardes M, Bruns TD (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol Ecol 2:113–118 Garnica S, Weiss M, Walther G, Oberwinkler F (2007) Reconstructing the evolution of agarics from nuclear gene sequences and basidiospore ultrastructure. Mycol Res 111:1019–1029 Geiser DM, Pitt IJ, Taylor JW (1998) Cryptic speciation and recombination in the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:388–393 Geml J, Geiser DM, Royse DJ (2004) Molecular evolution of Agaricus species based on ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. Mycol Prog 3:157–176 Giraud T, Refrégier G, Le Gac M, de Vienne DM, Hood ME (2008) Speciation in fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 45:791–802 Guzmán G (1983) The genus Psilocybe. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 74, Vaduz Guzmán G (1995) Supplement to the monograph of the genus Psilocybe. In: Petrini O, Horak E (eds) Taxonomic monographs of Agaricales. Bibliotheca Mycol 159:91–141 Guzmán G (2009) The hallucinogenic mushrooms: diversity, traditions, use and abuse with special reference to the genus Psilocybe. In: Misra JK, Desmukh SK (eds) Fungi from difference environments. Science Publishers, Enfield (NH), pp 256–277 Guzmán-Dávalos L, Mueller GM, Cifuentes J, Miller AN, Santerre A (2003) Traditional infrageneric classification of Gymnopilus is not supported by ribosomal DNA sequence data. Mycologia 95:1204–1214 Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98 Heim R, Wasson RG (1958) Hallucinogenic mushrooms of Mexico [In French]. Archives Du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7e Série, Tome VI, Éditions du Muséum, Paris Hillebrand J, Olszewski D, Sedefov R (2006) EMCDDA Thematic Papers, Hallucinogenic mushrooms: an emerging trend case study. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon Horak E (2005) European Agarics and Boleti [In German]. Elsevier, München Kauserud H, Schumacher T (2001) Outcrossing or inbreeding: DNA markers provide evidence for type of reproductive mode in Phellinus nigrolimitatus (Basidiomycota). Mycol Res 105:676–683 Knudsen H, Vesterholt J (eds) (2008) Funga Nordica: Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Copenhagen Krieglsteiner GJ (1984) Studien zum Psilocybe cyanescens-Komplex in Europa. Beitr Kenntn Pilze Mitteleur 1:61–94 Krieglsteiner GJ (1986) Studien zum Psilocybe cyanescens-callosa-semilanceata-Komplex in Europa. Beitr Kenntn Pilze Mitteleur 2:57–72 Lassmann T, Sonnhammer EL (2005) Kalign – an accurate and fast multiple sequence alignment algorithm. BMC Bioinf 6:298 Ludwig E (2001) Pilzkompendium, Part 1, Descriptions [In German]. Eching Maire R (1928) Diagnoses de champignons inedits de l’Afrique du Nord. Bull Soc Mycol Fr 44:37–56 Maruyama T, Yokoyama K, Makino Y, Goda Y (2003) Phylogenetic relationship of psychoactive fungi based on the rRNA gene for a large subunit and their eidentification using the TaqMan assay. Chem Pharm Bull 51:710–714 Maruyama T, Kawahara N, Yokoyama K, Makino Y, Fukiharu T, Goda Y (2006) Phylogenetic relationship of psychoactive fungi based on rRNA gene for a large subunit and their identification using the TaqMan assay (II). Forensic Sci Int 163:51–58 Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, Aime MC, Moncalvo JM, Ge ZW, Slot JC, Ammirati JF, Baroni TJ, Bougher NL, Hughes KW, Lodge DJ, Kerrigan RW, Seidl MT, Aanen DK, DeNitis M, Daniele GM, Desjardin DE, Kropp BR, Norvell LL, Parker A, Vellinga EC, Vilgalys R, Hibbett DS (2006) Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview. Mycologia 98:982–995 Moncalvo JM, Lutzoni FM, Rehner SA, Johnson J, Vilgalys R (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of agaric fungi based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Syst Biol 49:278–305 Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Redhead SA, Johnson JE, James TY, Aime MC, Hofstetter V, Verduin SJW, Larsson E, Baroni TJ, Thorn RG, Jacobsson S, Clémençon H, Miller OK Jr (2002) One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 23:357–400 Moser M, Horak E (1968) Psilocybe serbica spec. nov., eine neue Psilocybin und Psilocin Bildende Art aus Serbien. Z Pilzk 34:37–144 Müller T, Philippi N, Dandekar T, Schultz J, Wolf M (2007) Distinguishing species. RNA 13:1469–1472 Noordeloos ME (1999) Genus Psilocybe. In: Bas C, Kuyper TW, Noordeloos ME, Vellinga EC (eds) Flora agaricina neerlandica, vol IV. Brookfield, Rotterdam, pp 28–79 Nugent KG, Saville BJ (2004) Forensic analysis of hallucinogenic fungi: a DNA-based approach. Forensic Sci Int 140:147–157 Oborník M, Jirků M, Doležel D (2001) Phylogeny of mitosporic entomopathogenic fungi: Is the genus Paecilomyces polyphyletic? Can J Microbiol 47:813–819 Pornpakakul S, Suwancharoen S, Petsom A, Roengsumran S, Muangsin N, Chaichit N, Piapukiew J, Sihanonth P, Allen JW (2009) A new sesquiterpenoid metabolite from Psilocybe samuiensis. J Asian Nat Prod Res 11:12–17 Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14:817–818 Redhead SA, Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Matheny PB, Guzmán-Dávalos L, Guzmán G (2007) Proposal to conserve the name Psilocybe (Basidiomycota) with a conserved type. Taxon 56:255–257 Roy BA, Vogler DR, Bruns TD, Szaro TM (1998) Cryptic species in the Puccinia monoica complex. Mycologia 90:846–853 Šebek S (1983) The Bohemian Psilocybe – Psilocybe bohemica [In Czech]. Czech Mycol 37:177–181 Singer R (1973) Diagnoses Fungorum Novorum Agaricalium III. Beih Sydowia 7:1–106 Stamets P, Gartz J (1995) A new caerulescent Psilocybe from the Pacific Coast of Northwestern America. Integration 6:21–27 Swofford DL (1998) Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and other methods). Version 4b10. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass Vellinga EC (2002) New combinations in Chlorophyllum. Mycotaxon 83:415–417 Watling R, Martin MP (2003) A sequestrate Psilocybe from Scotland. Bot J Scotl 55:245–257 White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR Protocols, a guide to methods and applications. Academic, San Diego, CA, pp 315–322