Insomnia: Epidemiology, characteristics, and consequences

American Psychiatric Association Task Force on DSM-IV, 1994 Diagnostic Classification Steering Committee, 1990 Bixler, 2002, Insomnia in central Pennsylvania, J Psychosom Res., 53, 589, 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00450-6 Mellinger, 1985, Insomnia and its treatment. Prevalence and correlates, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42, 225, 10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790260019002 Klink, 1992, Risk factors associated with complaints of insomnia in a general adult population. Influence of previous complaints of insomnia, Arch Intern Med., 152, 1634, 10.1001/archinte.1992.00400200070012 Mahowald, 2000, Nighttime sleep and daytime functioning (sleepiness and fatigue) in less well-defined chronic rheumatic diseases with particular reference to the ‘alpha-delta NREM sleep anomaly’, Sleep Med., 1, 195, 10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00028-9 Schweitzer, 2000, Drugs that disturb sleep and wakefulness, 414 Stark, 1985, A review of multicenter controlled studies of fluoxetine vs imipramine and placebo in outpatients with major depressive disorder, J Clin Psychiatry, 46, 53 Spielman, 1987, A behavioral perspective on insomnia treatment, Psychiatr Cain North Am., 10, 541, 10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30532-X Vgontzas, 1998, Chronic insomnia and activity of the stress system: A preliminary study, J Psychosom Res., 45, 21, 10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00302-4 Perlis, 2001, Beta/ gamma EEG activity in patients with primary and secondary insomnia and good sleeper controls, Sleep, 24, 110, 10.1093/sleep/24.1.110 Buysse, 1997, Effects of diagnosis on treatment recommendations in chronic insomnia—a report from the APA/NIMH DSM-IV field trial, Sleep, 20, 542, 10.1093/sleep/20.7.542 Drake, 2003, Trait vulnerability to stress-related sleep disturbance and hyperarousal, Sleep Bonnet, 2002, Situational insomnia: In the situation or in the patient?, Sleep, 25, A32 Seidel, 1984, Treatment of a 12-hour shift of sleep schedule with benzodiazepines, Science, 224, 1262, 10.1126/science.6729454 Coleman, 1982, Sleep-wake disorders based on a polysornnographic diagnosis. A national cooperative study, JAMA, 247, 997, 10.1001/jama.1982.03320320033026 Roehrs, 1983, Age-related sleep-wake disorders at a sleep disorder center, J Am Geriatr Soc., 31, 364, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb05748.x Ford, 1989, Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?, JAMA, 262, 1479, 10.1001/jama.1989.03430110069030 Ancoli-Israel, 1999, Characteristics of insomnia in the United States: Results of the 1991 National Sleep Foundation Survey. I, Sleep, 22, S347 Ohayon, 1998, Comorbidity of mental and insomnia disorders in the general population, Compr Psychiatry., 39, 185, 10.1016/S0010-440X(98)90059-1 Simon, 1997, Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care, Am J Psychiatry, 154, 1417, 10.1176/ajp.154.10.1417 Mellman, 1995, Sleep disturbance and its relationship to psychiatric morbidity after Hurricane Andrew, Am J Psychiatry, 152, 1659, 10.1176/ajp.152.11.1659 Katz, 1998, Clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with chronic illness, Arch Intern Med., 158, 1099, 10.1001/archinte.158.10.1099 Drake, 2001, Effects of rapid versus slow accumulation of eight hours of sleep loss, Psychophysiology, 38, 979, 10.1111/1469-8986.3860979 Roehrs, 1990, Dose effects of temazepam in transient insomnia, Arzneimittelforschung., 40, 859 Koslowsky, 1992, Meta-analysis of the relationship between total sleep deprivation and performance, Chronobiol Int., 9, 132, 10.3109/07420529209064524 Rosenthal, 1993, Level of sleepiness and total sleep time following various time in bed conditions, Sleep, 16, 226, 10.1093/sleep/16.3.226 Mahowald, 2000, Nighttime sleep and daytime functioning (sleepiness and fatigue) in well-defined chronic rheumatic diseases, Sleep Med., 1, 179, 10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00029-0 Rosenthal, 1984, Periodic movements during sleep, sleep fragmentation, and sleep-wake complaints, Sleep, 7, 326, 10.1093/sleep/7.4.326 Stepanski, 1988, Daytime alertness in patients with chronic insomnia compared with asymptomatic control subjects, Sleep, 11, 54, 10.1093/sleep/11.1.54 Bonnet, 1998, Heart rate variability in insomniacs and matched normal sleepers, Psychosom Med., 60, 610, 10.1097/00006842-199809000-00017 Vgontzas, 2001, Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: Clinical implications, J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 86, 3787, 10.1210/jc.86.8.3787 Richardson, 2001, Future directions in the management of insomnia, J Clin Psychiatry., 62, 39 Roth, 1999, Daytime consequences and correlates of insomnia in the United States: Results of the 1991 National Sleep Foundation Survey. II, Sleep, 22, S354 Kuppermann, 1995, Sleep problems and their correlates in a working population, J Gen Intern Med., 10, 25, 10.1007/BF02599573 Hohagen, 1993, Prevalence and treatment of insomnia in general practice. A longitudinal survey, Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosei., 242, 329, 10.1007/BF02190245 Schramm, 1995, Mental comorbidity of chronic insomnia in general practice attenders using DSM-III-R, Acta Psychiatr Scand., 91, 10, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09735.x Ohayon, 1997, DSM-IV and ICSD-90 insomnia symptoms and sleep dissatisfaction, Br J Psychiatry., 171, 382, 10.1192/bjp.171.4.382 Ohayon, 2003, Place of chronic insomnia in the course of depressive and anxiety disorders, J Psychiatr Res., 37, 9, 10.1016/S0022-3956(02)00052-3 Breslau, 1996, Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: A longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults, Biol Psychiatry., 39, 411, 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00188-3 Chang, 1997, Insomnia in young men and subsequent depression. The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study, Am J Epidemiol., 146, 105, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009241 Perlis, 1997, Selfreported sleep disturbance as a prodromal symptom in recurrent depression, J Affect Disord., 42, 209, 10.1016/S0165-0327(96)01411-5 Fava, 1990, Prodromal symptoms in primary major depressive disorder, J Affect Disord., 19, 149, 10.1016/0165-0327(90)90020-9