Morphological Attributes Govern Carbon Dioxide Reduction on N-Doped Carbon Electrodes

Endrődi, 2017, Continuous-flow electroreduction of carbon dioxide, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 62, 133, 10.1016/j.pecs.2017.05.005 Seh, 2017, Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: insights into materials design, Science, 355, eead4998, 10.1126/science.aad4998 Bushuyev, 2018, What should we make with CO2 and how can we make it?, Joule, 2, 825, 10.1016/j.joule.2017.09.003 Hursán, 2018, Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on nitrogen-doped carbons: insights from isotopic labeling studies, ACS Energy Lett., 3, 722, 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00212 Roy, 2018, Nanostructured metal-N-C electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions, Appl. Catal. B, 232, 512, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.03.093 Ju, 2017, Understanding activity and selectivity of metal-nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2, Nat. Commun., 8, 944, 10.1038/s41467-017-01035-z Leonard, 2018, The chemical identity, state and structure of catalytically active centers during the electrochemical CO2 reduction on porous Fe–nitrogen–carbon (Fe–N–C) materials, Chem. Sci., 9, 5064, 10.1039/C8SC00491A Wu, 2016, Incorporation of nitrogen defects for efficient reduction of CO2 via two-electron pathway on three-dimensional graphene foam, Nano Lett., 16, 466, 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04123 Zheng, 2019, Large-scale and highly selective CO2 electrocatalytic reduction on nickel single-atom catalyst, Joule, 3, 265, 10.1016/j.joule.2018.10.015 Varela, 2018, Molecular nitrogen–carbon catalysts, solid metal organic framework catalysts, and solid metal/nitrogen-doped carbon (MNC) catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction, Adv. Energy Mater., 8, 1703614, 10.1002/aenm.201703614 Vasileff, 2017, Carbon solving carbon’s problems: recent progress of nanostructured carbon-based catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2, Adv. Energy Mater., 7, 1700759, 10.1002/aenm.201700759 Lai, 2018, 3D porous carbonaceous electrodes for electrocatalytic applications, Joule, 2, 76, 10.1016/j.joule.2017.10.005 Duan, 2017, Metal-free carbon materials for CO2 electrochemical reduction, Adv. Mater., 29, 1701784, 10.1002/adma.201701784 Daiyan, 2018, Electroreduction of CO2 to CO on a mesoporous carbon catalyst with progressively removed nitrogen moieties, ACS Energy Lett., 3, 2292, 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01409 Liu, 2018, Identifying active sites of nitrogen-doped carbon materials for the CO2 reduction reaction, Adv. Funct. Mater., 28, 1800499, 10.1002/adfm.201800499 Lum, 2016, Trace levels of copper in carbon materials show significant electrochemical CO2 reduction activity, ACS Catal., 6, 202, 10.1021/acscatal.5b02399 Zhao, 2018, Tunable and efficient tin modified nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers for electrochemical reduction of aqueous carbon dioxide, Adv. Energy Mater., 8, 1702524, 10.1002/aenm.201702524 Clark, 2018, Standards and protocols for data acquisition and reporting for studies of the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, ACS Catal., 8, 6560, 10.1021/acscatal.8b01340 Zhang, 2014, Polyethylenimine-enhanced electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate at nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, 7845, 10.1021/ja5031529 Liu, 2018, Phosphorus-doped onion-like carbon for CO2 electrochemical reduction: the decisive role of the bonding configuration of phosphorus, J. Mater. Chem. A, 6, 19998, 10.1039/C8TA06649C Song, 2017, Metal-free nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon for electroreduction of CO2 to ethanol, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 56, 10840, 10.1002/anie.201706777 Jhong, 2013, The effects of catalyst layer deposition methodology on electrode performance, Adv. Energy Mater., 3, 589, 10.1002/aenm.201200759 Wu, 2016, A metal-free electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction to multi-carbon hydrocarbons and oxygenates, Nat. Commun., 7, 13869, 10.1038/ncomms13869 Yang, 2018, Composition tailoring via N & S co-doping and structure tuning by constructing hierarchical pores: metal-free catalysts for high-performance electrochemical reduction of CO2, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 130, 15702, 10.1002/ange.201809255 Jaouen, 2003, Transient techniques for ivestigating mass-transport limitations in gas diffusion electrodes: I. Modeling the PEFC cathode, J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A1699, 10.1149/1.1624294 Kong, 2002, Influence of pore-size distribution of diffusion layer on mass-transport problems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 108, 185, 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00028-9 Weng, 2018, Modeling gas-diffusion electrodes for CO2 reduction, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 20, 16973, 10.1039/C8CP01319E Yamamoto, 2000, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in the micropores of activated carbon fibers, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, 3393, 10.1149/1.1393911 Wang, 2017, Efficient electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon/carbon nanotube membranes: a step towards the electrochemical CO2 refinery, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 56, 7847, 10.1002/anie.201703720 Dutta, 2016, Morphology matters: tuning the product distribution of CO2 electroreduction on oxide-derived Cu foam catalysts, ACS Catal., 6, 3804, 10.1021/acscatal.6b00770 Sen, 2014, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 at copper nanofoams, ACS Catal., 4, 3091, 10.1021/cs500522g Hall, 2015, Mesostructure-induced selectivity in CO2 reduction catalysis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 137, 14834, 10.1021/jacs.5b08259 Burdyny, 2017, Nanomorphology-enhanced gas-evolution intensifies CO2 reduction electrochemistry, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 5, 4031, 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00023 Reske, 2014, Particle size effects in the catalytic electroreduction of CO2 on Cu nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, 6978, 10.1021/ja500328k Tang, 2012, The importance of surface morphology in controlling the selectivity of polycrystalline copper for CO2 electroreduction, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 14, 76, 10.1039/C1CP22700A Lu, 2014, A selective and efficient electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction, Nat. Commun., 5, 3242, 10.1038/ncomms4242 Liu, 2016, Enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction via field-induced reagent concentration, Nature, 537, 382, 10.1038/nature19060 Liang, 2012, Facile oxygen reduction on a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous graphitic C3N4/carbon composite electrocatalyst, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51, 3892, 10.1002/anie.201107981 Wei, 2014, Nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets with size-defined mesopores as highly efficient metal-free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 53, 1570, 10.1002/anie.201307319 Liang, 2014, Hierarchically porous carbons with optimized nitrogen doping as highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction, Nat. Commun., 5, 4973, 10.1038/ncomms5973 Chen, 2018, Inhibition of surface chemical moieties by tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane: a key to understanding oxygen reduction on iron–nitrogen–carbon catalysts, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 1, 1942, 10.1021/acsaem.8b00020 Matanovic, 2018, Understanding PGM-free catalysts by linking density functional theory calculations and structural analysis: perspectives and challenges, Curr. Opin. Electrochem., 9, 137, 10.1016/j.coelec.2018.03.009 Kabir, 2018, Role of nitrogen moieties in N-doped 3D-graphene nanosheets for oxygen electroreduction in acidic and alkaline media, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 10, 11623, 10.1021/acsami.7b18651 Kabir, 2016, Binding energy shifts for nitrogen-containing graphene-based electrocatalysts – Experiments and DFT calculations, Surf. Interface Anal., 48, 293, 10.1002/sia.5935 Chibowski, 2003, Surface free energy of a solid from contact angle hysteresis, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 103, 149, 10.1016/S0001-8686(02)00093-3 Wenzel, 1949, Surface roughness and contact angle, J. Phys. Chem., 53, 1466, 10.1021/j150474a015 Bico, 2002, Wetting of textured surfaces, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 206, 41, 10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00061-4 Faber, 2014, High-Performance Electrocatalysis using metallic cobalt pyrite (CoS2) micro- and nanostructures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, 10053, 10.1021/ja504099w Dutta, 2014, Enhanced gas adsorption on graphitic substrates via defects and local curvature: a density functional theory study, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 7741, 10.1021/jp411338a Chai, 2016, Highly effective sites and selectivity of nitrogen-doped graphene/CNT catalysts for CO2 electrochemical reduction, Chem. Sci., 7, 1268, 10.1039/C5SC03695J Yadav, 2015, Carbon nitrogen nanotubes as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 11991, 10.1021/acsami.5b02032 Grosse, 2018, Dynamic changes in the structure, chemical state and catalytic selectivity of Cu nanocubes during CO2 electroreduction: size and support effects, Angew. Chem., 57, 6192, 10.1002/anie.201802083 Workman, 2017, Platinum group metal-free electrocatalysts: effects of synthesis on structure and performance in proton-exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes, J. Power Sources, 348, 30, 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.02.067