Influence of Potassium Deficiency on Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Content, and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Cotton Plants
Tóm tắt
In cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in controlled-environment growth chamber the effects of K deficiency during floral bud development on leaf photosynthesis, contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and nonstructural saccharides, leaf anatomy, chloroplast ultrastructure, and plant dry matter accumulation were studied. After cotton plants received 35-d K-free nutrient solution at the early square stage, net photosynthetic rate (P
N) of the uppermost fully expanded main-stem leaves was only 23 % of the control plants receiving a full K supply. Decreased leaf P
N of K-deficient cotton was mainly associated with dramatically low Chl content, poor chloroplast ultrastructure, and restricted saccharide translocation, rather than limited stomata conductance in K-deficient leaves. Accumulation of sucrose in leaves of K-deficient plants might be associated with reduced entry of sucrose into the transport pool or decreased phloem loading. K deficiency during squaring also dramatically reduced leaf area and dry matter accumulation, and affected assimilate partitioning among plant tissues.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Amir, S., Reinhold, L.: Interaction between K-deficiency and light in 14C-sucrose translocation in bean plants.-Physiol. Plant. 24: 226-231, 1971.
Ashley, D.A., Goodson, R.D.: Effect of time and plant K status on 14C-labeled photosynthate movement in cotton.-Crop Sci. 12: 686-690, 1972.
Bednarz, C.W., Oosterhuis, D.M.: Partitioning of potassium in cotton plant during the development of potassium deficiency.-J. Plant Nutr. 19: 1629-1638, 1996.
Bednarz, C.W., Oosterhuis, D.M.: Leaf photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination of cotton in response to potassium deficiency.-Environ. exp. Bot. 39: 131-139, 1998.
Bennett, O.L., Rouse, R.D., Ashley, D.A., Doss, B.D.: Yield, fiber quality and potassium content of irrigated cotton plants as affected by rates of potassium.-Agron. J. 57: 296-299, 1965.
Beringer, H., Nothdurf, F.: Effects of potassium on plant and cellular structures.-In: Munson, R.D. (ed.): Potassium in Agriculture. Pp. 351-367. Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison 1985.
Cassman, K.G., Kerby, T.A., Roberts, B.A., Bryant, D.C., Brouder, S.M.: Differential response of two cotton cultivars to fertilizer and soil potassium.-Agron. J. 81: 870-876, 1989.
Cassman, K.G., Kerby, T.A., Roberts, B.A., Bryant, D.C., Higashi, S.L.: Potassium nutrition effects on lint yield and fiber quality of Acala cotton.-Crop Sci. 30: 672-677, 1990.
Conti, T.R., Geiger, D.R.: Potassium nutrition and translocation in sugar beet.-Plant Physiol. 70: 168-172, 1982.
Cornish, K., Radin, J.W., Turcotte, E.L., Lu, Z., Zeiger, E.: Enhanced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) bred for increased yield.-Plant Physiol. 97: 484-489, 1991.
Davis, J.G.: Provision of mid-season potassium requirement in cotton with slow release potassium applied pre-plant.-J. Plant Nutr. 19: 1-14, 1996.
Hall, J.D., Barr, R., Al-Abbas, A.H., Crane, F.L.: The ultrastructure of chloroplasts in mineral-deficient maize leaves.-Plant Physiol. 50: 404-409, 1972.
Hendrix, D.L.: Rapid extraction and analysis of nonstructural carbohydrates in plant tissues.-Crop Sci. 33: 1306-1311, 1993.
Huber, S.C.: Biochemical basis for effects of K-deficiency on assimilate export rate and accumulation of soluble sugars in soybean leaves.-Plant Physiol. 76: 424-430, 1984.
Kerby, T.A., Adams, F.: Potassium nutrition of cotton.-In: Munson, R.D. (ed.): Potassium in Agriculture. Pp. 843-860. Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison 1985.
Lauchli, A., Pfluger, R.: Potassium transport through plant cell membranes and metabolic role of potassium in plants.-Proc. 11th Congr. Int. Potash Inst. Bern. Pp. 111-163. Bern 1978.
Longstreth, D.J., Nobel, P.S.: Nutrient influences on leaf photosynthesis. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for Gossypium hirsutum L.-Plant Physiol. 65: 541-543, 1980.
Marschner, H., Kirkby, E.A., Cakmak, I.: Effect of mineral nutritional status on shoot-root partitioning of photoassimilates and cycling of mineral nutrients.-J. exp. Bot. 47: 1255-1263, 1996.
Mengel, K.: Effect of potassium on the assimilate conduction to storage tissue.-Ber. deutsch. bot. Ges. 93: 353-362, 1980.
Moss, D.N., Peaslee, D.E.: Photosynthesis of maize leaves as affected by age and nutrient status.-Crop Sci. 5: 280-281, 1965.
Oosterhuis, D.M.: Potassium nutrition of cotton in the USA, with particular reference to foliar fertilization.-In: Constable, G.A., Forrester, N.W. (ed.): Proceedings of the World Cotton Research Conference 1. Pp. 133-146. CSIRO, Canberra 1994.
Peaslee, D.E., Moss, D.N.: Stomatal conductivities in K-deficient leaves of maize (Zea mays L.).-Crop Sci. 8: 427-430, 1968.
Peoples, T.R., Koch, D.W.: Role of potassium in carbon dioxide assimilation in Medicago sativa L.-Plant Physiol. 63: 878-881, 1979.
Pettigrew, W.T., Heitholt, J.J., Meredith, W.R.: Genotypic interactions with potassium and nitrogen in cotton of varied maturity.-Agron. J. 88: 89-93, 1996.
Raschke, K.: Stomatal action.-Annu Rev. Plant Physiol. 26: 309-340, 1975.
Sugiyama, T., Goto, Y.: Physiological role of potassium in the carbohydrate metabolism of plants. II: Effect of potassium on the conversion and degradation of sugar.-Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 12: 225-229, 1966.
Terry, N., Ulrich, A.: Effects of potassium deficiency on the photosynthesis and respiration of leaves of sugar beet.-Plant Physiol. 51: 783-786, 1973.
Thompson, R.G., Dale, J.E.: Export of 14C-and 11C-labelled assimilate from wheat and maize leaves: effects of parachloromecurobenzylsulphonic acid and fusicoccin and of potassium deficiency.-Can. J. Bot. 59: 2439-2444, 1981.
Wullschleger, S.D., Oosterhuis, D.M.: Electron microscope study of cuticular abrasion on cotton leaves in relation to water potential measurements.-J. exp. Bot. 38: 60-67, 1987.
Zhao, D., Oosterhuis, D.M.: Cotton response to shade at different growth stages: Nonstructural carbohydrate composition.-Crop Sci. 38: 1196-1203, 1998.