A double sideband combined tracking method for Galileo E5 AltBOC signals
Tóm tắt
The Galileo navigation satellite system (Galileo) E5 Alternative Binary Offset Carrier (AltBOC) signal brings various challenges due to its complex modulation, wide bandwidth, and multi-peaked auto-correlation function. While wideband tracking needs to solve the ambiguity problem and design dedicated baseband channels, the single-sideband cannot have the outstanding performance of the AltBOC signal. We propose a new tracking method called “Double Sideband Combined Tracking” (DSCT), which can fully exploit the AltBOC signal’s code tracking accuracy without ambiguity and ensure compatibility with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) processing channels, easily implemented in hardware. The DSCT employs one phase locked loop and one delay locked loop to track the carrier and code, respectively. The double-sideband correlation results used by the two loops are recovered by coherently combining the single-sideband correlation results of the two BPSK channels. Meanwhile, the combined model, the loop discriminator, and the ambiguity detection of the DSCT are discussed. Furthermore, the code tracking error caused by thermal noise is modeled and analyzed. The test results based on real Galileo E5 signals show that the DSCT exhibits better or comparable code tracking accuracy to the AltBOC wideband tracking method. When the loop falsely locks onto a side-peak, the DSCT can quickly detect and re-lock on the main peak.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; citation_title=Generalized theory of code tracking with an early-late discriminator part I: Lower bound and coherent processing; citation_author=JW Betz, KR Kolodziejski; citation_volume=45; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=1538-1556; citation_doi=10.1109/TAES.2009.5310316; citation_id=CR1
citation_journal_title=IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation; citation_title=Coherent side-band BOC processing; citation_author=D Borio; citation_volume=11; citation_issue=10; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=1455-1466; citation_doi=10.1049/iet-rsn.2016.0245; citation_id=CR2
citation_journal_title=IEEE International Conference on Communications; citation_title=BPSK-like methods for hybrid-search acquisition of galileo signals; citation_author=A Burian, E Lohan, M Renfors; citation_volume=2006; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=5211-5216; citation_doi=10.1109/ICC.2006.255493; citation_id=CR3
Changlu, Q., Jing, L., & Yangzhi, L. (2010). Research of AltBOC modulation. In 2010 IEEE 12th international conference on communication technology (pp. 925–929).
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCT.2010.5688541
.
citation_journal_title=Wireless Personal Communications; citation_title=An unambiguous tracking method based on pseudo correlation function for AltBOC(15,10) signal; citation_author=H Chen, R Wang, W Jia, J Ren, M Yao; citation_volume=69; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=1347-1364; citation_doi=10.1007/s11277-012-0637-z; citation_id=CR5
De Wilde, W., Sleewaegen, J.-M., Van Wassenhove, K., & Wilms, F. (2004). A first-of-a-kind galileo receiver breadboard to demonstrate galileo tracking algorithms and performances. In Proceedings of the 17th international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS 2004) (pp. 2645–2654).
http://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?jp=p&articleID=5948
.
citation_journal_title=GPS Solutions; citation_title=Precise position determination using a Galileo E5 single-frequency receiver; citation_author=TH Diessongo, T Schüler, S Junker; citation_volume=18; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=73-83; citation_doi=10.1007/s10291-013-0311-2; citation_id=CR7
European Union. (2021). OS SIS ICD: Galileo Open service signal in space interface control document, Issue 2.0.
https://www.gsc-europa.eu/sites/default/files/sites/all/files/Galileo_OS_SIS_ICD_v2.0.pdf
.
citation_journal_title=IEEE Communications Letters; citation_title=Unambiguous tracking of BOC signals using coherent combination of dual sidebands; citation_author=T Feng, Z Kai, C Liang; citation_volume=20; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=1555-1558; citation_doi=10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2569520; citation_id=CR9
Heiries, V., Roviras, D., Ries, L., & Calmettes, V. (2004). Analysis of non ambiguous BOC signal acquisition performance. In Proceedings of the 17th international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS 2004) (pp. 2611–2622).
http://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?jp=p&articleID=5945
.
citation_journal_title=Electronics Letters; citation_title=Dual estimate receiver of binary offset carrier modulated signals for global navigation satellite systems; citation_author=MS Hodgart, PD Blunt; citation_volume=43; citation_issue=16; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=877; citation_doi=10.1049/el:20071101; citation_id=CR11
Hodgart, M. S., Blunt, P. D., & Unwin, M. (2007). The optimal dual estimate solution for robust tracking of binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation. In Proceedings of the 20th international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS 2007) (pp. 1017–1027).
http://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?jp=p&articleID=7604
.
Hodgart, M. S., & Simons, E. (2012). Improvements and additions to the double estimation technique. In 2012 6th ESA workshop on satellite navigation technologies (Navitec 2012) & European workshop on GNSS signals and signal processing (pp. 1–7).
https://doi.org/10.1109/NAVITEC.2012.6423053
.
citation_title=Understanding GPS/GNSS: Principles and applications; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_id=CR14; citation_publisher=Artech House
citation_journal_title=IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine; citation_title=Interoperable GPS, GLONASS and Galileo software receiver; citation_author=P Kovár, P Kacmarik, F Vejrazka; citation_volume=26; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=24-30; citation_doi=10.1109/MAES.2011.5763340; citation_id=CR15
Lee, Y., Lee, Y., Yoon, T., Song, C., Kim, S., & Yoon, S. (2009). AltBOC and CBOC correlation functions for GNSS signal synchronization. In Computational science and its applications—ICCSA 2009, 5593 (pp. 325–334).
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02457-3_28
.
Lestarquit, L., Artaud, G., & Issler, J.-L. (2008). AltBOC for dummies or everything you always wanted to know about AltBOC. In Proceedings of the 21st international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS 2008) (pp. 961–970).
http://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?jp=p&articleID=8018
.
citation_journal_title=IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine; citation_title=Galileo AltBOC signal multiresolution acquisition strategy; citation_author=D Margaria, F Dovis, P Mulassano; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=4-10; citation_doi=10.1109/MAES.2008.4693984; citation_id=CR18
Martin, N., Leblond, V., Guillotel, G., & Heiries, V. (2003). BOC(x,y) Signal acquisition techniques and performances. In Proceedings of the 16th international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GPS/GNSS 2003) (pp. 188–198).
http://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?jp=p&articleID=5194
.
Mo, J., Zhang, T., & Niu, X. (2021). Getting to E5 with ease: An AltBOC double-sideband receiver based on single-sideband correlation. Inside GNSS.
https://insidegnss.com/getting-to-e5-with-ease-an-altboc-double-sideband-receiver-based-on-single-sideband-correlation/
.
Padokhin, A. M., Mylnikova, A. A., Yasyukevich, Y. V., Morozov, Y. V., Kurbatov, G. A., & Vesnin, A. M. (2021). Galileo E5 AltBOC signals: Application for single-frequency total electron content estimations. Remote Sensing, 13(19), Article 19.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13193973
.
Prochniewicz, D., & Grzymala, M. (2021). Analysis of the impact of multipath on galileo system measurements. Remote Sensing, 13(12), Article 12.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122295
.
citation_journal_title=GPS Solutions; citation_title=Galileo civil signal modulations; citation_author=E Rebeyrol, O Julien, C Macabiau, L Ries, A Delatour, L Lestarquit; citation_volume=11; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=159-171; citation_doi=10.1007/s10291-006-0047-3; citation_id=CR23
citation_journal_title=IEEE Communications Letters; citation_title=Unambiguous tracking method for alternative binary offset carrier modulated signals based on dual estimate loop; citation_author=J Ren, W Jia, H Chen, M Yao; citation_volume=16; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=4; citation_doi=10.1109/LCOMM.2012.092112.121853; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Radioengineering; citation_title=Unambiguous tracking method based on combined correlation functions for sine/cosine-BOC CBOC and AltBOC modulated signals; citation_author=J Ren, G Yang, W Jia, M Yao; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=244-251; citation_id=CR25
Shivaramaiah, N. C., & Dempster, A. G. (2008). An analysis of Galileo E5 acquisition strategies. In European Navigation conference (ENC-GNSS). European Navigation Conference (ENC-GNSS).
Shivaramaiah, N. C., & Dempster, A. G. (2009a). A novel extended tracking range DLL for AltBOC signals. In 2009 IEEE 70th vehicular technology conference fall (pp. 1–5).
https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2009.5379090
.
Shivaramaiah, N. C., & Dempster, A. G. (2009b). The Galileo E5 AltBOC: Understanding the signal structure. In International global navigation satellite systems society IGNSS symposium.
Shivaramaiah, N. C., Dempster, A. G., & Rizos, C. (2009). Hybrid tracking loop architectures for the Galileo E5 signal. In Proceedings of the European navigation conference on global navigation satellite systems ENC GNSS.
Silva, P. F., Silva, J. S., Peres, T., Fernandez, A., Palomo, J. M., Andreotti, M., Hill, C., Colomina, I., Miranda, C., & Pares, M. E. (2012). Galileo AltBOC signal processing for precise positioning—Experimental results. In Proceedings of the 25th international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS 2012) (pp. 1126–1135).
http://www.ion.org/publications/abstract.cfm?jp=p&articleID=10325
.
Sleewaegen, J.-M., De Wilde, W., & Hollreiser, M. (2004). Galileo AltBOC receiver. In Proceedings of ENC-GNSS-2004, 9.
citation_journal_title=Navigation: Journal of the Institute of Navigation; citation_title=New expressions for the autocorrelation function of BOC GNSS signals: New expressions for the ACF of BOC GNSS signals; citation_author=FMG Sousa, FD Nunes; citation_volume=60; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=1-9; citation_doi=10.1002/navi.30; citation_id=CR32
Spilker Jr., J. J., Axelrad, P., Parkinson, B. W., & Enge, P. (1996). Global positioning system: Theory and applications. American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
citation_journal_title=IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation; citation_title=Proposal of spread spectrum MSK for BDS RDSS signal modulation; citation_author=L Wang, X Huang, J Li, X Tang, F Wang; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2020; citation_pages=870-878; citation_doi=10.1049/iet-rsn.2019.0533; citation_id=CR34
citation_journal_title=GPS Solutions; citation_title=Estimating and assessing Galileo satellite fractional cycle bias for PPP ambiguity resolution; citation_author=G Xiao, P Li, L Sui, B Heck, H Schuh; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=3; citation_doi=10.1007/s10291-018-0793-z; citation_id=CR35
citation_title=Principles of GPS and receiver design; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_id=CR36; citation_author=G Xie; citation_publisher=Publishing House of Electronics Industry
citation_journal_title=IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; citation_title=Pseudo-correlation-function-based unambiguous tracking technique for sine-BOC signals; citation_author=Z Yao, X Cui, M Lu, Z Feng, J Yang; citation_volume=46; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=1782-1796; citation_doi=10.1109/TAES.2010.5595594; citation_id=CR37
citation_journal_title=Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics; citation_title=Correlation functions of BOC and AltBOC signals as the inverse Fourier transforms of energy spectra; citation_author=MS Yarlykov; citation_volume=61; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2016; citation_pages=857-876; citation_doi=10.1134/S1064226916080180; citation_id=CR38
citation_journal_title=Aerospace Science and Technology; citation_title=Intelligent identification and mitigation of GNSS multipath errors using adaptive BOCPD; citation_author=W Ye, J Fang, J Li; citation_volume=70; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=453-460; citation_doi=10.1016/j.ast.2017.08.028; citation_id=CR39
citation_journal_title=IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation; citation_title=Dual binary phase-shift keying tracking method for Galileo E5 AltBOC(15,10) signal and its thermal noise performance; citation_author=Y Zhu, X Cui, M Lu; citation_volume=9; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2015; citation_pages=669-680; citation_doi=10.1049/iet-rsn.2014.0349; citation_id=CR40