A new HDL mimetic peptide that stimulates cellular cholesterol efflux with high efficiency greatly reduces atherosclerosis in mice

Gordon, 1977, High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study, Am. J. Med., 62, 707, 10.1016/0002-9343(77)90874-9 Johansson, 1991, High density lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis; a strong relation with the largest particles is confined to normotriglyceridemic patients, Arterioscler. Thromb., 11, 174, 10.1161/01.ATV.11.1.174 Lewis, 2005, New insights into the regulation of HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport, Circ. Res., 96, 1221, 10.1161/01.RES.0000170946.56981.5c Zhang, 2003, Overexpression of apolipoproteinA-I promotes reverse transport of cholesterol from macrophages to feces in vivo, Circulation., 108, 661, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000086981.09834.E0 Rubin, 1991, Inhibition of early atherogenesis in transgenic mice by human apolipoproteinA-I, Nature., 353, 265, 10.1038/353265a0 Rong, 2001, Elevating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in apolipoproteinE-deficient mice remodels advanced atherosclerotic lesions by decreasing macrophage and increasing smooth muscle cell content, Circulation., 104, 2447, 10.1161/hc4501.098952 Kawashiri, 2002, Combined effects of cholesterol reduction and apolipoproteinA-I expression on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice, Atherosclerosis., 165, 15, 10.1016/S0021-9150(02)00103-X Tangirala, 1999, Regression of atherosclerosis induced by liver-directed gene transfer of apolipoproteinA-I in mice, Circulation., 100, 1816, 10.1161/01.CIR.100.17.1816 Eriksson, 1999, Stimulation of fecal steroid excretion after infusion of recombinant proapolipoproteinA-I: potential reverse cholesterol transport in humans, Circulation., 100, 594, 10.1161/01.CIR.100.6.594 Shah, 1998, Effects of recombinant apolipoproteinA-IMilano on aortic atherosclerosis in apolipoproteinE-deficient mice, Circulation., 97, 780, 10.1161/01.CIR.97.8.780 Nissen, 2003, Effect of recombinant apoA-I Milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome, JAMA., 290, 2292, 10.1001/jama.290.17.2292 Navab, 2005, ApolipoproteinA-I mimetic peptides, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25, 1325, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000165694.39518.95 Sethi, 2007, ApolipoproteinA-I mimetic peptides: possible new agents for the treatment of atherosclerosis, Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs., 8, 201 Tall, 2008, HDL, ABC transporters and cholesterol efflux: implications for the treatment of atherosclerosis, Cell Metab., 7, 365, 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.03.001 Navab, 2002, Oral administration of an apoA-I mimetic peptide synthesized from all D-amino acids dramatically reduced atherosclerosis in mice independent of plasma cholesterol, Circulation., 105, 290, 10.1161/hc0302.103711 Van Lenten, 2008, Anti-inflammatory apoA-I-mimetic peptides bind oxidized lipids with much higher affinity than human apoA-I, J. Lipid Res., 49, 2302, 10.1194/jlr.M800075-JLR200 Yancey, 1995, Efflux of cellular cholesterol and phospholipids to lipid-free apolipoproteins and class A amphipathic peptides, Biochemistry., 34, 7955, 10.1021/bi00024a021 Remaley, 2003, Synthetic amphipathic helical peptides promote lipid efflux from cells by an ABCA1-dependent and an ABCA1-independent pathway, J. Lipid Res., 44, 828, 10.1194/jlr.M200475-JLR200 Sethi, 2008, Asymmetry in the lipid affinity of bi-helical amphipathic peptides: a structural determinant for the specificity of ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux by peptides, J. Biol. Chem., 283, 32273, 10.1074/jbc.M804461200 Tang, 2006, Janus kinas 2 modulates the lipid-removing but not protein-stabilizing interactions of amphipathic helices with ABCA1, J. Lipid Res., 47, 107, 10.1194/jlr.M500240-JLR200 Tam, 2005, Peptides derived from serum amyloid A prevent, and reverse, aortic lipid lesion in apoE−/− mice, J. Lipid Res., 46, 2091, 10.1194/jlr.M500191-JLR200 Datta, 2001, Effects of increasing hydrophobicity on the physical-chemical and biological properties of a class A amphipathic helical peptide, J. Lipid Res., 42, 1096, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31599-6 Anantharamaiah, 2007, Structural requirements for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides, J. Lipid Res., 48, 1915, 10.1194/jlr.R700010-JLR200 Wang, 2007, Macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not SR-B1, promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, J. Clin. Invest., 117, 2216, 10.1172/JCI32057 Singaraja, 2002, Increased ABCA1 activity protects against atherosclerosis, J. Clin. Invest., 110, 35, 10.1172/JCI0215748 Remaley, 2001, Apolipoprotein specificity for lipid efflux by the human ABCA1 transporter, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 280, 818, 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4219 Natarajan, 2004, Identification of an apolipoproteinA-I structural element that mediates cellular cholesterol efflux and stabilizes ATP binding cassette transporter A1, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 24044, 10.1074/jbc.M400561200 Vedhachalam, 2007, The C-terminal lipid-binding domain of apolipoproteinE is a highly efficient mediator of ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux that promotes the assembly of high density lipoproteins, Biochemistry., 46, 2583, 10.1021/bi602407r Segrest, 1992, The amphipathic helix in the exchangeable apolipoproteins: a review of secondary structure and function, J. Lipid Res., 33, 141, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)41536-6 Wool, 2008, Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide helix number and helix linker influence potentially anti-atherogenic properties, J. Lipid Res., 49, 1268, 10.1194/jlr.M700552-JLR200 Walensky, 2004, Activation of apoptosis in vivo by a hydrocarbon-stapled BH3 helix, Science., 305, 1466, 10.1126/science.1099191 Nichols, 1983, Characterization of discoidal complexes of phosphatidylcholine, apolipoproteinA-I, and cholesterol by gradient gel electrophoresis, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 750, 353, 10.1016/0005-2760(83)90040-1 Choy, 2003, Inter-molecular coiled-coil formation in human apolipoprotein E C-terminal domain, J. Mol. Biol., 334, 527, 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.09.059 Giunta, 2004, Transferrin neutralization of amyloid β 25–35 cytotoxicity, Clin. Chim. Acta., 350, 129, 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.07.025 Rall, 1981, Human apolipoprotein E: the complete amino acid sequence, J. Biol. Chem., 257, 4171, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)34702-1 Wang, 2000, Specific binding of apoA-I, enhanced cholesterol efflux, and altered plasma membrane morphology in cells expressing ABC1, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 33053, 10.1074/jbc.M005438200 Brubaker, 2006, ApolipoproteinA-I lysine modification: effects on helical content, lipid binding, and cholesterol acceptor activity, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1761, 64, 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.01.007 Garber, 2001, A new synthetic class A amphipathic peptide analogue protects mice from diet-induced atherosclerosis, J. Lipid Res., 42, 545, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31163-9 Navab, 2005, D-4F and statins synergize to render HDL anti-inflammatory in mice and monkeys and cause lesion regression in old apolipoproteinE-null mice, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25, 1426, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000167412.98221.1a Li, 2004, Differential effects of apolipoproteinA-I mimetic peptide on evolving and established atherosclerosis in apolipoproteinE-null mice, Circulation., 110, 1701, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000142857.79401.69 Navab, 2009, A novel method for oral delivery of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides synthesized from all L-amino acids, J. Lipid Res., 50, 1538, 10.1194/jlr.M800539-JLR200 Datta, 2004, Aromatic residue position on the nonpolar face of class A amphipathic helical peptides determines biological activity, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 26509, 10.1074/jbc.M314276200 Tang, 2009, The macrophage cholesterol exporter ABCA1 functions as an anti-inflammatory receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 284, 32336, 10.1074/jbc.M109.047472