Disinfection byproducts potentially responsible for the association between chlorinated drinking water and bladder cancer: A review

DeMarini, 1997, Glutathione S-transferase-mediated induction of GC -> AT transitions by halomethanes in Salmonella, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 30, 440, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1997)30:4<440::AID-EM9>3.0.CO;2-M Board, 2005, Human glutathione transferase zeta, Methods Enzymol., 401, 61, 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)01004-9 Bond, 2017, Predicting chloroform production from organic precursors, Water Res., 124, 167, 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.063 Bond, 2012, A critical review of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation from natural organic matter surrogates, Environ. Technol. Rev., 1, 93, 10.1080/09593330.2012.705895 Bond, 2017, Defining the molecular properties of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors using computational chemistry, Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 3, 502 Boorman, 1999, Drinking water disinfection byproducts : review and approach to toxicity evaluation, Environ. Health Perspect., 107, 207 Boyce, 1983, Reaction pathways of trihalomethane formation from the halogenation of dihydroxyaromatic model compounds for humic acid, Environ. Sci. Technol., 17, 202, 10.1021/es00110a005 Boyd, 2011, Solid-phase extraction and high- performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of nitrosamines in treated drinking water and wastewater, Trends Anal. Chem., 30, 1410, 10.1016/j.trac.2011.06.009 Bruzzoniti, 2011, By-products of drinking water disinfection: trends and challenges in their monitoring, 1 Bull, 2006 Bull, 2011, Potential carcinogenic hazards of non-regulated disinfection by-products : haloquinones, halo-cyclopentene and cyclohexene derivatives, N -halamines, halonitriles, and heterocyclic amines, Toxicology, 286, 1, 10.1016/j.tox.2011.05.004 Cantor, 2010, Polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTZ1, AND CYP2E1, disinfection by-products, and risk of bladder cancer in Spain, Environ. Health Perspect., 118, 1545, 10.1289/ehp.1002206 Casalegno, 2016, Carcinogenicity prediction of noncongeneric chemicals by augmented top priority fragment classification, Comput. Biol. Chem., 61, 145, 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.01.011 Chaidou, 1999, Formation of chloroform by aqueous chlorination of organic compounds, Chemosphere, 39, 587, 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00124-1 Chevrier, 2004, Does ozonation of drinking water reduce the risk of bladder cancer?, Epidemiology, 15, 605, 10.1097/01.ede.0000134866.61780.28 Council of the European Union, 1998 Croue, 1989, Destruction of chlorination byproducts with sulfite, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, 1412, 10.1021/es00069a014 Dai, 2013, Relative importance of N -nitrosodimethylamine compared to total N -nitrosamines in drinking waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 3648, 10.1021/es305225b DeAngelo, 2007, Development of normal human colon cell cultures to identify priority unregulated disinfection by-products with a carcinogenic potential, Water Sci. Technol., 56, 51, 10.2166/wst.2007.830 Deborde, 2008, Reactions of chlorine with inorganic and organic compounds during water treatment — kinetics and mechanisms : a critical review, Water Res., 42, 13, 10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.025 Dotson, 2009, Nitrogen enriched dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates and their affinity to form emerging disinfection by-products, Water Sci. Technol., 60, 135, 10.2166/wst.2009.333 European Food Safety Authority, 2010, Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for water, EFSA J. Gold Gong, 2005, Molecular structure of a new chlorinated disinfection by-product in drinking water, J. Mol. Struct., 748, 71, 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.03.013 Gottschalk, 2010, Ozone in overview, 5 Hileman, 1982, The chlorination question, Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, 15A, 10.1021/es00095a722 Hrudey, 2008 Hrudey, 2009, Chlorination disinfection by-products, public health risk tradeoffs and me, Water Res., 43, 2057, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.011 Hrudey, 2012 IARC Jeong, 2015, Occurrence and comparative toxicity of haloacetaldehyde disinfection byproducts in drinking water, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 13749, 10.1021/es506358x Kinani, 2016, Formation and determination of organohalogen by-products in water – Part II. Sample preparation techniques for analytical approaches, Trends Anal. Chem., 85, 281, 10.1016/j.trac.2016.07.006 Kinani, 2016, Formation and determination of organohalogen by-products in water. Part III. Characterization and quantitative approaches, Trends Anal. Chem., 85, 295, 10.1016/j.trac.2016.09.013 King, 1996, Case-control study of bladder cancer and chlorination by- products in treated water (Ontario, Canada), Cancer Causes Control, 7, 596, 10.1007/BF00051702 Kogenivas, 2011, Carcinogenicity of disinfection byproducts in humans: epidemiological studies, Encycl. Environ. Health, 505 Koivusalo, 1998, Drinking water mutagenicity and urinary tract cancers: a population-based case-control study in Finland, Am. J. Epidemiol., 148, 704, 10.1093/aje/148.7.704 Kosaka, 2017, Formation of 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone from aromatic compounds after chlorination, Water Res., 110, 48, 10.1016/j.watres.2016.12.005 Krasner, 2006, Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7175, 10.1021/es060353j Krasner, 2013, Formation, precursors, control, and occurrence of nitrosamines in drinking water: a review, Water Res., 47, 4433, 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.050 Kristiana, 2014, To add or not to add: the use of quenching agents for the analysis of disinfection by-products in water samples, Water Res., 59, 90, 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.006 Langvik, 1991, Formation of the mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone and related compounds by chlorination of phenolic compounds, Chemosphere, 22, 10.1016/0045-6535(91)90066-M Larson, 1994 Li, 2018, Drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and human health effects: multidisciplinary challenges and opportunities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 1681, 10.1021/acs.est.7b05440 Li, 2011 Li, 2015, Chemical and toxicological characterization of halobenzoquinones, an emerging class of disinfection byproducts, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 28, 306, 10.1021/tx500494r Lipmann, 2009 Liu, 2013, Effect of quenching time and quenching agent dose on total organic halogen measurement, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 93, 1146, 10.1080/03067319.2012.727807 Marsà, 2017, In vitro studies on the tumorigenic potential of the halonitromethanes trichloronitromethane and bromonitromethane, Toxicol. Vitro, 45, 72, 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.08.013 Marsà, 2018, Hazard assessment of three haloacetic acids, as byproducts of water disinfection, in human urothelial cells, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 347, 70, 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.004 McGeehin, 1993, Case-control study of bladder cancer and water disinfection methods in Colorado, Am. J. Epidemiol., 138, 492, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116883 Melnick, 2011, Carcinogenicity of disinfection byproducts in laboratory animals, Encycl. Environ. Health, 1, 516, 10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00099-4 Morales Helguera, 2005, A topological substructural approach applied to the computational prediction of rodent carcinogenicity, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 2477, 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.035 Munch, 1995 National Toxicology Program (NTP), 1981 Nieuwenhuijsen, 2000, Chlorination disinfection byproducts in water and their association with adverse reproductive outcomes : a review, Occup. Environ. Med., 57, 73, 10.1136/oem.57.2.73 Plewa, 2015, Charting a new path to resolve the adverse health effects of DBPs, 3 Plewa, 2004, Halonitromethane drinking water disinfection byproducts : chemical characterization and mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 62, 10.1021/es030477l Plewa, 2008, Occurrence, synthesis, and mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of haloacetamides : an emerging class of nitrogenous drinking water disinfection byproducts, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 955, 10.1021/es071754h Pressman, 2010, Concentration, chlorination, and chemical analysis of drinking water for disinfection byproduct mixtures health effects research : U.S. EPA's Four Lab Study, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 7184, 10.1021/es9039314 Regli, 2015, Estimating potential increased bladder cancer risk due to increased bromide concentrations in sources of disinfected drinking waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 13094, 10.1021/acs.est.5b03547 Richardson, 2002, The role of GC-MS and LC-MS in the discovery of drinking water disinfection by-products, J. Environ. Monit., 4, 1, 10.1039/b105578j Richardson, 2003, Disinfection by-products and other emerging contaminants in drinking water, Trends Anal. Chem., 22, 666, 10.1016/S0165-9936(03)01003-3 Richardson, 2011, Disinfection by-Products: formation and occurrence in drinking water, Encycl. Environ. Health, 110, 10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00276-2 Richardson, 2014, Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues, Anal. Chem., 86, 2813, 10.1021/ac500508t Richardson, 2000, Application of DNPH derivatization with LC/MS to the identification of polar carbonyl disinfection byproducts in drinking water, Ozone: Sci. Eng., 22, 653, 10.1080/01919510009408805 Richardson, 2002, Disinfection byproducts: the next generation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 198A, 10.1021/es022308r Richardson, 2007, Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water : a review and roadmap for research, Mutat. Res., 636, 178, 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.09.001 Richardson, 2008, Integrated disinfection by-products mixtures research: comprehensive characterization of water concentrates prepared from chlorinated and ozonated/postchlorinated drinking water, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A, 71, 1165, 10.1080/15287390802182417 Rook, 1974, Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters, Water Treat. Exam., 23, 234 Sigleo, 1980, Organic-rich colloidal material in estuaries and its alteration by chlorination, Environ. Sci. Technol., 14, 673, 10.1021/es60166a015 Tatematsu, 1977, Summation effect of N-butyl-N-(4- hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2- thiazolyl]formamide, N-2-fluorenylacetamide, and 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats, GANN Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 68, 193 Thun, 2017 Thurman, 1985 Urbansky, 2002, Analyzing drinking water for disinfection byproducts, Anal. Chem., 74, 260 A, 10.1021/ac022009k US EPA US EPA, 2003 Villanueva, 2007, Bladder cancer and exposure to water disinfection by-products through ingestion, bathing, showering, and swimming in pools, Am. J. Epidemiol, 165, 148, 10.1093/aje/kwj364 Villanueva, 2003, Meta-analysis of studies on individual consumption of chlorinated drinking water and bladder cancer, J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 57, 166, 10.1136/jech.57.3.166 Von Gunten, 2003, Ozonation of drinking water: Part I. Oxidation kinetics and product formation, Water Res., 37, 1443, 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00457-8 Wagner, 2017, CHO cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analyses of disinfection by-products: an updated review, JES (J. Environ. Sci.), 58, 64, 10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.021 Wang, 2011, Occurrence of nine nitrosamines and secondary amines in source water and drinking water: potential of secondary amines as nitrosamine precursors, Water Res., 45, 4930, 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.041 Wang, 2014, Analytical and toxicity characterization of halo-hydroxyl-benzoquinones as stable halobenzoquinone disinfection byproducts in treated water, Anal. Chem., 86, 4982, 10.1021/ac5007238 Wang, 2016, Analytical characterization, occurrence, transformation, and removal of the emerging disinfection byproducts halobenzoquinones in water, Trends Anal. Chem., 85, 97, 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.004 Wang, 2017, Genotoxicity of a low-dose nitrosamine mixture as drinking water disinfection byproducts in NIH3T3 cells, Int. J. Med. Sci., 14, 961, 10.7150/ijms.20121 Weinberg, 1999, Disinfection byproducts in drinking water : the analytical challenge, Anal. Chem., 71, 801A, 10.1021/ac990857i Weinberg, 2009, Modern approaches to the analysis of disinfection by-products in drinking water, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., 367, 4097, 10.1098/rsta.2009.0130 Westerhoff, 2002, Dissolved organic nitrogen in drinking water supplies : a review Wilkins, 1981, Source of drinking water at home and site-specific cancer incidence in Washington County, Maryland, Am. J. Epidemiol., 114, 178, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113181 Woo, 2002, Use of mechanism-based structure – activity relationships analysis in carcinogenic potential ranking for drinking water disinfection by-products, Environ. Health Perspect., 110, 75, 10.1289/ehp.02110s175 Wu, 2015, Predicting carcinogenicity of organic compounds based on CPDB, Chemosphere, 139, 81, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.056 Yu, 2016, Formation and occurrence of N-Chloro-2,2-dichloroacetamide, a previously overlooked nitrogenous disinfection byproduct in chlorinated drinking waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 1488, 10.1021/acs.est.6b04218 Zhang, 2002, Characterization of high molecular weight disinfection byproducts resulting from chlorination of aquatic humic substances, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 4033, 10.1021/es025598k Zhang, 2005, Characterization of high molecular weight disinfection byproducts from chlorination of humic substances with/without coagulation pretreatment using UF-SEC-ESI-MS/MS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 963, 10.1021/es0490727 Zhang, 2016, Novel naïve Bayes classification models for predicting the carcinogenicity of chemicals, Food Chem. Toxicol., 97, 141, 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.005 Zhang, 2018, Occurrence and stability of chlorophenylacetonitriles, a new class of nitrogenous aromatic DBPs, in chlorinated and chloraminated drinking waters, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 5, 394, 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00220 Zhao, 2010, Characterization and determination of chloro- and bromo-benzoquinones as new chlorination disinfection byproducts in drinking water, Anal. Chem., 82, 4599, 10.1021/ac100708u Zou, 2000, Screening the precursors of strong mutagen [3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone] MX from chlorinated water, Water Res., 34, 225, 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00106-2