Afterload mismatch in aortic and mitral valve disease: Implications for surgical therapy

Croke, 1977, Reversal of advanced left ventricular dysfunction following aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis, Ann Thorac Surg, 24, 38, 10.1016/S0003-4975(10)64569-9 Kennedy, 1977, Left ventricular function before and following aortic valve replacement, Circulation, 56, 944, 10.1161/01.CIR.56.6.944 Kennedy, 1979, Left ventricular function before and following surgical treatment of mitral valve disease, Am Heart J, 97, 592, 10.1016/0002-8703(79)90186-8 O’Toole, 1978, Effect of preoperative ejection fraction on survival and hemodynamic improvement following aortic valve replacement, Circulation, 58, 1175, 10.1161/01.CIR.58.6.1175 Pantely, 1978, Effects of successful, uncomplicated valve replacement on ventricular hypertrophy, volume, and performance in aortic stenosis and aortic incompetence, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 75, 383, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)41265-8 Thompson, 1979, Influence of preoperative left ventricular function on results of homograft replacements of the aortic valve for aortic stenosis, Am J Cardiol, 43, 929, 10.1016/0002-9149(79)90355-2 Gault, 1970, Left ventricular performance following correction of free aortic regurgitation, Circulation, 42, 773, 10.1161/01.CIR.42.5.773 Smith, 1976, The natural history of rheumatic aortic regurgitation and the indications for surgery, Br Heart J, 38, 147, 10.1136/hrt.38.2.147 Gaasch, 1978, Chronic aortic regurgitation: the effect of aortic valve replacement on left ventricular volume, mass and function, Circulation, 58, 825, 10.1161/01.CIR.58.5.825 Samuels, 1979, Valve replacement for aortic regurgitation: Long-term follow-up with factors influencing the results, Circulation, 60, 647, 10.1161/01.CIR.60.3.647 Borow, 1980, End-systolic volume as a predictor of postoperative left ventricular performance in volume overload from valvular regurgitation, Am J Med, 63, 655, 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90251-X Schuler, 1979, Serial noninvasive assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy and function after surgical correction of aortic regurgitation, Am J Cardiol, 44, 585, 10.1016/0002-9149(79)90273-X Gaasch, 1983, Chronic aortic regurgitation: prognostic value of the left ventricular end-systolic dimension and the end-systolic dimension and end-diastolic radius/thickness ratio, J Am Coll Cardiol, 1, 775, 10.1016/S0735-1097(83)80190-9 Ross, 1958, Clinical and hemodynamic observations in pure mitral insufficiency, Am J Cardiol, 2, 11, 10.1016/0002-9149(58)90244-3 Phillips, 1981, Mitral valve replacement for isolated mitral regurgitation analysis of clinical course and late postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, Am J Cardiol, 48, 647, 10.1016/0002-9149(81)90142-9 Carabello, 1981, Assessment of preoperative left ventricular function in patients with mitral regurgitation: value of the end-systolic wall stress-end-systolic volume ratio, Circulation, 64, 1212, 10.1161/01.CIR.64.6.1212 Schuler, 1979, Temporal response of left ventricular performance to mitral valve surgery, Circulation, 59, 1218, 10.1161/01.CIR.59.6.1218 Zile, 1984, Chronic mitral regurgitation: predictive value of preoperative echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular function and wall stress, J Am Coll Cardiol, 3, 235, 10.1016/S0735-1097(84)80006-6 Rahimtoola, 1977, Early valve replacement for preservation of ventricular function?, Am J Cardiol, 40, 472, 10.1016/0002-9149(77)90175-8 Smith, 1978, Severe aortic stenosis with impaired left ventricular function and clinical heart failure: results of valve replacement, Circulation, 58, 255, 10.1161/01.CIR.58.2.255 Suga, 1974, Instantaneous pressure-volume relationships and their ratio in the excised, supported canine left ventricle, Circ Res, 35, 117, 10.1161/01.RES.35.1.117 Mahler, 1975, Systolic pressure-diameter relations in the normal conscious dog, Cardiovasc Res, 9, 447, 10.1093/cvr/9.4.447 Sasayama, 1976, Adaptations of the left ventricle to chronic pressure overload, Circ Res, 38, 172, 10.1161/01.RES.38.3.172 Sasayama, 1977, Hyperfunction with normal inotropic state of the hypertrophied left ventricle, Am J Physiol, 232, H418 Ross, 1981, Left ventricular function and the timing of surgical treatment in valvular heart disease, Ann Intern Med, 94, 498, 10.7326/0003-4819-94-4-498 Ross, 1982, 310 Ross, 1976, Afterload mismatch and preload reserve: a conceptual framework for the analysis of ventricular function, Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 18, 255, 10.1016/0033-0620(76)90021-9 Ross, 1966, Contractile state of the heart characterized by force-velocity relations in variably afterloaded and isovolumic beats, Circ Res, 18, 149, 10.1161/01.RES.18.2.149 MacGregor, 1974, Relations between afterload, stroke volume, and descending limb of Starling's curve, Am J Physiol, 227, 884, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.227.4.884 Bums, 1973, Mechanics of isotonic left ventricular contractions, Am J Physiol, 224, 725, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.224.4.725 Weber, 1976, Left ventricular force-length relations of isovolumic and ejecting contractions, Am J Physiol, 231, 337, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.337 Yoran, 1973, Structural basis for the ascending limb of left ventricular function, Circ Res, 32, 297, 10.1161/01.RES.32.2.297 Buckberg, 1972, Experimental subendocardial ischemia in dogs with normal coronary arteries, Circ Res, 30, 67, 10.1161/01.RES.30.1.67 Ross, 1968, Aortic stenosis, Circulation, 37, V-61 Frank, 1973, Natural history of valvular aortic stenosis, Br Heart J, 35, 41, 10.1136/hrt.35.1.41 Chinzer, 1980, The natural history of aortic stenosis in adults, Am Heart J, 99, 419, 10.1016/0002-8703(80)90375-0 Henry, 1980, Evaluation of aortic valve replacement in patients with valvular aortic stenosis, Circulation, 61, 814, 10.1161/01.CIR.61.4.814 Ross, 1982, Diagnosis and treatment of valvular aortic stenosis, Cardiologie Consultation, 3, 9 Starr, 1977, Aortic valve replacement: a ten-year follow-up of non-cloth-covered vs cloth-covered caged-ball prostheses, Circulation, 56, II Richardson, 1979, Combined aortic valve replacement and myocardial revascularization: results in 220 patients, Circulation, 59, 75, 10.1161/01.CIR.59.1.75 Karp, 1981, The Bjork-Shiley valve, intermediate-term follow-up, J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg, 81, 602, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)39495-4 Rapaport, 1975, Natural history of aortic and mitral valve disease, Am J Cardiol, 35, 221, 10.1016/0002-9149(75)90005-3 Hegglin, 1968, Aortic insufficiency, Circulation, 38, V Goldschlager, 1973, The natural history of aortic regurgitation: a clinical and hemodynamic study, Am J Med, 54, 577, 10.1016/0002-9343(73)90115-0 Spagnuolo, 1971, Natural history of rheumatic aortic regurgitation; criteria predictive of death, congestive heart failure, and angina in young patients, Circulation, 44, 368, 10.1161/01.CIR.44.3.368 McCullagh, 1972, Left ventricular dilatation and diastolic compliance chances during chronic volume overloading, Circulation, 45, 943, 10.1161/01.CIR.45.5.943 Ross, 1972, Nature of enhanced performance of the dilated left ventricle in the dog during chronic volume overloading, Circ Res, 30, 549, 10.1161/01.RES.30.5.549 Ross, 1974, Adaptations of the left ventricle to chronic volume overload, Circ Res, 35, II Dodge, 1969, Left ventricular volume and mass and their significance in heart disease, Am J Cardiol, 23, 528, 10.1016/0002-9149(69)90006-X Wisenbaugh, 1984, Differences in myocardial performance and load between patients with similar amounts of chronic aortic versus chronic mitral regurgitation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 3, 916, 10.1016/S0735-1097(84)80349-6 St. John Sutton, 1984, Assessment of left ventricular mechanics in patients with asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: a two-dimensional echocardiographic study, Circulation, 69, 259, 10.1161/01.CIR.69.2.259 Clark, 1980, Valve replacement in aortic insufficiency with left ventricular dysfunction, Circulation, 61, 411, 10.1161/01.CIR.61.2.411 Stone, 1984, Determinants of prognosis of patients with aortic regurgitation who undergo aortic valve replacement, J Am Coll Cardiol, 3, 1118, 10.1016/S0735-1097(84)80168-0 Schwarz, 1971, Impaired left ventricular function in chronic aortic valve disease: survival and function after replacement by Bjork-Shiley prosthesis, Circulation, 60, 48, 10.1161/01.CIR.60.1.48 Bonow, 1982, Timing of operation for chronic aortic regurgitation, Am J Cardiol, 50, 325, 10.1016/0002-9149(82)90184-9 Turina, 1984, Improved late survival in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation by earlier operation, Circ Res, 70, I Greves, 1981, Preoperative criteria predictive of late survival following valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation, Am Heart J, 101, 300, 10.1016/0002-8703(81)90194-0 Bonow, 1983, The natural history of asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function, Circulation, 68, 509, 10.1161/01.CIR.68.3.509 Abdulla, 1980, Limitations of echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular size and function in aortic regurgitation, Circulation, 61, 148, 10.1161/01.CIR.61.1.148 O’Rourke, 1980, Timing of valve replacement in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation, Circulation, 61, 493, 10.1161/01.CIR.61.3.493 Cohn, 1979, Long-term follow-up of the Hancock bioprosthetic heart valve, Circulation, 60, I Cunha, 1980, Preoperative M-mode echocardiography as a predictor of surgical results in chronic mitral insufficiency (abstr), Am J Cardiol, 45, 442, 10.1016/0002-9149(80)90878-4 Eckberg, 1973, Mechanics of left ventricular contraction in chronic severe mitral regurgitation, Circulation, 47, 1252, 10.1161/01.CIR.47.6.1252 Tajimi, 1984, Left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume and stress-volume relations in experimental mitral regurgitation (abstr), Circulation, 69, II Sagawa, 1984, End-systolic pressure-volume relationship in retrospect and prospect, Fed Proc, 43, 2399 Ross, 1984, Applications and limitations of end-systolic measures of ventricular performance, 43, 2418 Grossman, 1975, Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle, J Clin Invest, 56, 56, 10.1172/JCI108079 Brutsaert, 1984, Triple control of relaxation: implications in cardiac disease, Circulation, 69, 190, 10.1161/01.CIR.69.1.190 Carabello, 1981, Assessment of preoperative left ventricular function in patients with mitral regurgitation: value of the end-systolic wall stress-end-systolic volume ratio, Circulation, 64, 1212, 10.1161/01.CIR.64.6.1212 DeMaria, 1980, Value and limitations of cross-sectional echocardiography of the aortic valve in the diagnosis and quantification of valvular aortic stenosis, Circulation, 62, 304, 10.1161/01.CIR.62.2.304 Lima, 1983, Prediction of the severity of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic Doppler studies, Circulation, 68, 348, 10.1161/01.CIR.68.2.348 Rahimtoola, 1980, Valve replacement should not be performed in all asymptomatic patients with severe aortic incompetence, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 79, 163, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)37970-X Kay, 1978, Mitral valve repair for significant mitral insufficiency, Am Heart J, 96, 253, 10.1016/0002-8703(78)90094-7 1984 Perier, 1984, Comparative evaluation of mitral valve repair and replacement with Starr, Bjork, and porcine valve prostheses, Circulation, 70, I