Fast, Systematic, and Continuous Delirium Assessment in Hospitalized Patients: The Nursing Delirium Screening Scale

Ely, 2001, Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: Validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU), JAMA, 286, 2703, 10.1001/jama.286.21.2703 Lawlor, 2000, Occurrence, causes, and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective study, Arch Intern Med, 160, 786, 10.1001/archinte.160.6.786 Schor, 1992, Risk factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly, JAMA, 267, 827, 10.1001/jama.1992.03480060073033 Franco, 2001, The cost of delirium in the surgical patient, Psychosomatics, 42, 68, 10.1176/appi.psy.42.1.68 Thomas, 1988, A prospective study of delirium and prolonged hospital stay. Exploratory study, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 45, 937, 10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800340065009 McCusker, 2002, Delirium predicts 12-month mortality, Arch Intern Med, 162, 457, 10.1001/archinte.162.4.457 Schwartz, 1999, Delirium in hospitalized older patients, N Engl J Med, 341, 369, 10.1056/NEJM199907293410512 Inouye, 1994, The dilemma of delirium: Clinical and research controversies regarding diagnosis and evaluation of delirium in hospitalized elderly medical patients, Am J Med, 97, 278, 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90011-6 Inouye, 2001, Nurses' recognition of delirium and its symptoms: Comparison of nurse and researcher ratings, Arch Intern Med, 161, 2467, 10.1001/archinte.161.20.2467 Schuurmans, 2001, Early recognition of delirium: Review of the literature, J Clin Nurs, 10, 721, 10.1046/j.1365-2702.2001.00548.x Francis, 1990, A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly, JAMA, 263, 1097, 10.1001/jama.1990.03440080075027 Morrison, 2003, Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture, J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 58, 76, 10.1093/gerona/58.1.M76 Smith, 1995, A critique of instruments and methods to detect, diagnose, and rate delirium, J Pain Symptom Manage, 10, 35, 10.1016/0885-3924(94)00066-T Williams, 1988, Confusion: Testing versus observation, J Gerontol Nurs, 14, 25, 10.3928/0098-9134-19880101-08 American Psychiatric Association, 1994 Gagnon, 2000, Delirium in terminal cancer: A prospective study using daily screening, early diagnosis, and continuous monitoring, J Pain Symptom Manage, 19, 412, 10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00143-3 Inouye, 1990, Clarifying confusion: The confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium, Ann Intern Med, 113, 941, 10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-941 Inouye, 1999, A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients, N Engl J Med, 340, 669, 10.1056/NEJM199903043400901 Marcantonio, 1994, A clinical prediction rule for delirium after elective noncardiac surgery, JAMA, 271, 134, 10.1001/jama.1994.03510260066030 American Psychiatric Association, 1987 Breitbart, 1997, The Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale, J Pain Symptom Manage, 13, 128, 10.1016/S0885-3924(96)00316-8 Marcantonio, 2001, Reducing delirium after hip fracture: A randomized trial, J Am Geriatr Soc, 49, 516, 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49108.x Fann, 2002, Delirium in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Cancer, 95, 1971, 10.1002/cncr.10889 Lachin, 1981, Introduction to sample size determination and power analysis for clinical trials, Control Clin Trials, 2, 93, 10.1016/0197-2456(81)90001-5 DeLong, 1988, Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: A nonparametric approach, Biometrics, 44, 837, 10.2307/2531595 Schatzkin, 1987, Comparing new and old screening tests when a reference procedure cannot be performed on all screenees. Example of automated cytometry for early detection of cervical cancer, Am J Epidemiol, 125, 672, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114580 Lawlor, 2000, Clinical utility, factor analysis, and further validation of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale in patients with advanced cancer: Assessing delirium in advanced cancer, Cancer, 88, 2859, 10.1002/1097-0142(20000615)88:12<2859::AID-CNCR29>3.0.CO;2-T Matsuoka, 2001, Clinical utility and validation of the Japanese version of Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale in a psychogeriatric inpatient setting, Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 23, 36, 10.1016/S0163-8343(00)00121-3 Grassi, 2001, Assessing delirium in cancer patients: the Italian versions of the Delirium Rating Scale and the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale, J Pain Symptom Manage, 21, 59, 10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00241-4 Monette, 2001, Evaluation of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) as a screening tool for delirium in the emergency room, Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 23, 20, 10.1016/S0163-8343(00)00116-X