Aberrant Epstein–Barr viral infection in systemic lupus erythematosus

Niller, 2008, Regulation and dysregulation of Epstein–Barr virus latency: implications for the development of autoimmune diseases, Autoimmunity, 41, 298, 10.1080/08916930802024772 James, 1997, An increased prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus infection in young patients suggests a possible etiology for systemic lupus erythematosus, J Clin Invest, 100, 3019, 10.1172/JCI119856 James, 2001, Systemic lupus erythematosus in adults is associated with previous Epstein–Barr virus exposure, Arthritis Rheum, 44, 1122, 10.1002/1529-0131(200105)44:5<1122::AID-ANR193>3.0.CO;2-D Harley, 1999, Epstein–Barr virus infection may be an environmental risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus in children and teenagers, Arthritis Rheum, 42, 1782, 10.1002/1529-0131(199908)42:8<1782::AID-ANR36>3.0.CO;2-X Lu, 2007, Association of Epstein–Barr virus infection with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan, Lupus, 16, 168, 10.1177/0961203306075800 Parks, 2005, Association of Epstein–Barr virus with systemic lupus erythematosus: effect modification by race, age, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 genotype, Arthritis Rheum, 52, 1148, 10.1002/art.20997 Incaprera, 1998, Potential role of the Epstein–Barr virus in systemic lupus erythematosus autoimmunity, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 16, 289 Yu, 2005, Detecting Epstein–Barr virus DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan, Med Microbiol Immunol, 194, 115, 10.1007/s00430-004-0230-5 Bhimma, 1995, Epstein–Barr virus-induced systemic lupus erythematosus, S Afr Med J, 85, 899 Verdolini, 2002, Systemic lupus erythematosus induced by Epstein–Barr virus infection, Br J Dermatol, 146, 877, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04627.x Kasapcopur, 2006, Systemic lupus erythematosus due to Epstein–Barr virus or Epstein–Barr virus infection provocating acute exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus?, Rheumatol Int, 26, 765, 10.1007/s00296-005-0063-6 James, 1997, Lupus humoral autoimmunity after short peptide immunization, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 815, 124, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52054.x Sabbatini, 1993, Autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus bind a shared sequence of SmD and Epstein–Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen EBNA I, Eur J Immunol, 23, 1146, 10.1002/eji.1830230525 McClain, 2002, Anti-sm autoantibodies in systemic lupus target highly basic surface structures of complexed spliceosomal autoantigens, J Immunol, 168, 2054, 10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.2054 McClain, 2005, Early events in lupus humoral autoimmunity suggest initiation through molecular mimicry, Nat Med, 11, 85, 10.1038/nm1167 Arbuckle, 2003, Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus, N Engl J Med, 349, 1526, 10.1056/NEJMoa021933 Tan, 1982, The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Rheum, 25, 1271, 10.1002/art.1780251101 Arbuckle, 1998, A limited lupus anti-spliceosomal response targets a cross-reactive, proline-rich motif, J Autoimmun, 11, 431, 10.1006/jaut.1998.0227 Arbuckle, 1999, Shared early autoantibody recognition events in the development of anti-Sm B/B′ in human lupus, Scand J Immunol, 50, 447, 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00640.x Poole, 2008, Lupus-like autoantibody development in rabbits and mice after immunization with EBNA-1 fragments, J Autoimmunity, 31, 362, 10.1016/j.jaut.2008.08.007 Sundar, 2004, Expression of the Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) in the mouse can elicit the production of anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies, J Autoimmun, 23, 127, 10.1016/j.jaut.2004.06.001 Kang, 2004, Defective control of latent Epstein–Barr virus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus, J Immunol, 172, 1287, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.1287 Gross, 2005, EBV and systemic lupus erythematosus: a new perspective, J Immunol, 174, 6599, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.6599 Rothfield, 1973, Clinical and laboratory aspects of raised virus antibody titres in systemic lupus erythematosus, Ann Rheum Dis, 32, 238, 10.1136/ard.32.3.238 Klippel, 1973, Epstein–Barr virus antibody and lymphocyte tubuloreticular structures in systemic lupus erythematosus, Lancet, 2, 1057, 10.1016/S0140-6736(73)92662-7 McClain, 2006, An altered immune response to Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus, Arthritis Rheum, 54, 360, 10.1002/art.21682 Berner, 2005, Phenotypic and functional analysis of EBV-specific memory CD8 cells in SLE, Cell Immunol, 235, 29, 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.06.010 Marchini, 1994, Immune response to different sequences of the EBNA I molecule in Epstein–Barr virus-related disorders and in autoimmune diseases, J Autoimmun, 7, 179, 10.1006/jaut.1994.1014 Ngou, 1992, Antibodies against polypeptides of purified Epstein–Barr virus in sera from patients with connective tissue diseases, J Autoimmun, 5, 243, 10.1016/0896-8411(92)90203-3 Yamazaki, 2005, Clin Exp Immunol, 139, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02704.x Young, 2000, The expression and function of Epstein–Barr virus encoded latent genes, Mol Pathol, 53, 238, 10.1136/mp.53.5.238 Hochberg, 2004, Demonstration of the Burkitt's lymphoma Epstein–Barr virus phenotype in dividing latently infected memory cells in vivo, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 239, 10.1073/pnas.2237267100 Lindsey, 2008, Quantitative PCR for Epstein–Barr virus DNA and RNA in multiple sclerosis, Mult Scler, 00, 1 Livak, 2001, Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method, Methods, 25, 402, 10.1006/meth.2001.1262 Moon, 2004, Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have abnormally elevated Epstein–Barr virus load in blood, Arthritis Res Ther, 6, R295, 10.1186/ar1181 Rechsteiner, 2008, Latent membrane protein 2B regulates susceptibility to induction of lytic Epstein–Barr virus infection, J Virol, 82, 1739, 10.1128/JVI.01723-07 He, 2003, EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 cooperates with BAFF/BLyS and APRIL to induce T cell-independent Ig heavy chain class switching, J Immunol, 171, 5215, 10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5215 Yurasov, 2005, Defective B cell tolerance checkpoints in systemic lupus erythematosus, J Exp Med, 201, 703, 10.1084/jem.20042251 Pers, 2005, BAFF overexpression is associated with autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1050, 34, 10.1196/annals.1313.004 Souza, 2007, Influence of EBV on the peripheral blood memory B cell compartment, J Immunol, 179, 3153, 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.3153