Marsh DR, Shah S, Elliott J, Kurdy N. The Ilizarov method in nonunion, malunion and infection of fractures. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1997; 79: 273–279.
Khalily C, Voor MJ, Seligson D. Fracture site motion with Ilizarov and “hybrid” external fixation. J Orthop Trauma 1998; 12: 21–26.
Farrar M, Yang L, Saleh M. The Sheffield hybrid fixator—a clinical and biomechanical review. Injury 2001; 32(Suppl 4): 8–13.
Yang L, Saleeh M, Nayagam S. The effects of different wire and screw combinations on the stiffness of a hybrid external fixator. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H] 2000; 214: 669–676.
Klein MP, Rahn BA, Frigg R, Kessler S, Perren SM. Reaming versus non-reaming in medullary nailing: interference with cortical circulation of the canine tibia. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1990; 109: 314–316.
Marsh DR, Li G. The biology of fracture healing: optimising outcome. Br Med Bull 1999; 55: 856–869.
McKibbin B. The biology of fracture healing in long bones. J Bone Joint Surg(Br) 1978; 60-B: 150–162.
Sarmiento A, Sharpe FE, Ebramzadeh E, Normand P, Shankwiler J. Factors influencing the outcome of closed tibial fractures treated with functional bracing. Clin Orthop 1995; 8–24.
Ilizarov GA. Clinical studies on fracture displacement in the treatment of fractures. In: Ilizarov GA, Green S (eds). Transosseous Osteosynthesis. Berlin: Springer, 1992; 381–401.
Marsh D. Concepts of fracture union, delayed union, and nonunion. Clin Orthop 1998; S22–S30
Dogra AS, Ruiz AL, Marsh DR. Late outcome of isolated tibial fractures treated by intramedullary nailing: the correlation between disease-specific and generic outcome measures. J Orthop Trauma 2002; 16: 245–249.
Gaston P, Will E, Elton RA, McQueen MM, Court-Brown CM. Fractures of the tibia. Can their outcome be predicted? J Bone Joint Surg(Br) 1999; 81: 71–76.
Khaleel A, Pool RD. Bone Transport. Curr Orthop 2001; 15: 229–237.
Gopal S, Majumder S, Batchelor AG, Knight SL, De Boer P, Smith RM. Fix and flap: the radical orthopaedic and plastic treatment of severe open fractures of the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg(Br) 2000; 82: 959–966.
Williams MO. Long-term cost comparison of major limb salvage using the Ilizarov method versus amputation. Clin Orthop 1994; 156–158.
Wyrsch B, McFerran MA, McAndrew M et al. Operative treatment of fractures of the tibial plafond. A randomized, prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg(Am) 1996; 78: 1646–1657.
Watson JT, Moed BR, Karges DE, Cramer KE. Pilon fractures. Treatment protocol based on severity of soft tissue injury. Clin Orthop 2000; 78–90.
Lang GJ, Cohen BE, Bosse MJ, Kellam JF. Proximal third tibial shaft fractures. Should they be nailed? Clin Orthop 1995; 64–74.
Watson JT, Ripple S, Hoshaw SJ, Fhyrie D. Hybrid external fixation for tibial plateau fractures: clinical and biomechanical correlation. Orthop Clin North Am 2002; 33: 199–209, ix.
Kumar A, Whittle AP. Treatment of complex (Schatzker Type VI) fractures of the tibial plateau with circular wire external fixation: retrospective case review. J Orthop Trauma 2000; 14: 339–344.
Arazi M, Memik R, Ogun TC, Yel M. Ilizarov external fixation for severely comminuted supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the distal femur. J Bone Joint Surg(Br) 2001; 83: 663–667.
Schutz M, Muller M, Krettek C et al. Minimally invasive fracture stabilization of distal femoral fractures with the LISS: a prospective multicenter study. Results of a clinical study with special emphasis on difficult cases. Injury 2001; 32(Suppl 3): SC48–SC54
Beals TC. Applications of ring fixators in complex foot, ankle trauma. Orthop Clin North Am 2001; 32: 205–214.
Schon LC, Marks RM. The management of neuroarthropathic fracture-dislocations in the diabetic patient. Orthop Clin North Am 1995; 26: 375–392.
Prokuski LJ, Saltzman CL. External fixation for the treatment of Charcot arthropathy of the ankle: a case report. Foot Ankle Int 1998; 19: 336–341.
Green SA. Complications of external skeletal fixation. Clin Orthop 1983; 109–116.
Hyman J, Moore T. Anatomy of the distal knee joint and pyarthrosis following external fixation. J Orthop Trauma 1999; 13: 241–246.
Polak WG, Pawlowski S, Skora J et al. Vascular complications after the treatment with Ilizarov external fixators. Vasa 2001; 30: 138–140.