Cenozoic-Recent tectonics and uplift in the Greater Caucasus: a perspective from Azerbaijan

Geological Society Special Publication - Tập 340 Số 1 - Trang 261-280 - 2010
Jon Mosar1, Talat Kangarli2, Martin Bochud1, Ulrich A. Glasmacher3, Annick Rast1, Marie‐Françoise Brunet4, Marc Sosson5
1Département de Géosciences – Sciences de la Terre, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
2Geology Institute of Azerbaijan, National Academy of Sciences, H. Javid av. 29A, Baku AZ1143, Azerbaijan
3Institute of Earth Sciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
4UPMC Univ Paris06-CNRS-INSU, UMR Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris Case 129, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
5CNRS -GeoSciences Azur, UMR 6526, 250 Rue Albert Einstein - Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France

Tóm tắt

Abstract The Greater Caucasus is Europe's highest mountain belt and results from the inversion of the Greater Caucasus back-arc-type basin due to the collision of Arabia and Eurasia. The orogenic processes that led to the present mountain chain started in the Early Cenozoic, accelerated during the Plio-Pleistocene, and are still active as shown from present GPS studies and earthquake distribution. The Greater Caucasus is a doubly verging fold-and-thrust belt, with a pro- and a retro wedge actively propagating into the foreland sedimentary basin of the Kura to the south and the Terek to the north, respectively. Based on tectonic geomorphology – active and abandoned thrust fronts – the mountain range can be subdivided into several zones with different uplift amounts and rates with very heterogeneous strain partitioning. The central part of the mountain range – defined by the Main Caucasus Thrust to the south and backthrusts to the north – forms a triangular-shape zone showing the highest uplift and fastest rates, and is due to thrusting over a steep tectonic ramp system at depth. The meridional orogenic in front of the Greater Caucasus in Azerbaijan lies at the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, to the south of the Kura foreland basin.

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