Orthogeriatrics in the management of frail older patients with a fragility fracture

ANZSGM (2010) Orthogeriatric Care Revised 2010. http://www.anzsgm.org/documents/PositionStatementNo5-OrthogeriatricCareRevision2010.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2015 Devas MBIB (1963) The geriatric orthopaedic unit. J Bone Joint Surg Br 49-B:186–187 Clark ANGWD (1966) Management of the fractured neck of femur in the elderly patient. Gerontol Clin 8:321–326 Briggs RS (1993) Orthogeriatric care and its effect on outcome. J R Soc Med 86:560–562 Hoffenberg R, James OFW, Brocklehurst JC, Green ID, Horrocks P, Kanis JA, Wald NJ, MacLellan GE, Vickers RH (1989) Fractured neck of femur: prevention and management. Summary and recommendations of a report of the Royal College of Physicians. J R Coll Physicians Lond 23(1):8–14 Duthie RB (1981) Orthopaedic services: waiting time for out-patient appointments and in-patient treatment: report of a working party to the Secretary of State for Social Services. HM Stationery Office, 1981. https://nhsreality.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/duthie-1981-orthopaedics-1.pdf. Accessed 25 Mar 2015 Elliot JR, Wilkinson TJ, Hanger HC, Gilchrist NL, Sainsbury R, Shamy S, Rothwell A (1996) The added effectiveness of early geriatrician involvement on acute orthopaedic wards to orthogeriatric rehabilitation. N Z Med J 109:72–73 NCEPOD (1999) Extremes of Age. http://wwwncepodorguk/1999ea.htm. Accessed on 25 March 2015 British Orthopaedic Association (2003) The care of fragility fracture patients. British Orthopaedic Association, London Patel NK, Sarraf KM, Joseph S, Lee C, Middleton FR (2013) Implementing the National Hip Fracture Database: an audit of care. Injury 44:1934–1939 Lisk R YK (2014) Reducing mortality from hip fractures: a systematic quality improvement programme. BMJ Qual Improv Report 2014;3. doi:10.1136/bmjquality.u205006.w2103 Lefroy RB (1980) Treatment of patients with fractured neck of the femur in a combined unit. Med J Aust 2:669–670 Lundstrom M, Edlund A, Lundstrom G, Gustafson Y (1999) Reorganization of nursing and medical care to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium and improve rehabilitation outcome in elderly patients treated for femoral neck fractures. Scand J Caring Sci 13:193–200 Zuckerman JD, Sakales SR, Fabian DR, Frankel VH (1992) Hip fractures in geriatric patients. Results of an interdisciplinary hospital care program. Clin Orthop Relat Res 274:213–225 Huusko TM, Karppi P, Avikainen V, Kautiainen H, Sulkava R (2000) Randomised, clinically controlled trial of intensive geriatric rehabilitation in patients with hip fracture: subgroup analysis of patients with dementia. BMJ 321:1107–1111 Adunsky A, Arad M, Levi R, Blankstein A, Zeilig G, Mizrachi E (2005) Five-year experience with the ‘Sheba’ model of comprehensive orthogeriatric care for elderly hip fracture patients. Disabil Rehabil 27:1123–1127 AAOS (2014) Management of Hip Fractures in the Elderly. http://www.aaos.org/research/guidelines/GuidelineHipFracture.asp. Accessed 25 March 2015 NICE (2011) Hip fracture guidelines. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg124. Accessed 25 March 2015 Grigoryan KV, Javedan H, Rudolph JL (2014) Orthogeriatric care models and outcomes in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma 28:e49–e55 Vidan M, Serra JA, Moreno C, Riquelme G, Ortiz J (2005) Efficacy of a comprehensive geriatric intervention in older patients hospitalized for hip fracture: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:1476–1482 Gonzalez-Montalvo JI, Alarcon T, Mauleon JL, Gil-Garay E, Gotor P, Martin-Vega A (2010) The orthogeriatric unit for acute patients: a new model of care that improves efficiency in the management of patients with hip fracture. Hip Int : J Clin Exp Res Pathol Ther 20:229–235 Sieber CC (2007) [The elderly patient--who is that?]. Internist 48(1190):1192–1194 United Nations (2012) Definitions of an old person. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/. Accessed 25 March 2015 Sanderson W, Scherbov S (2008) Rethinking Age and Aging. Popul Bull 63:3–16 Crews DE, Zavotka S (2006) Aging, disability, and frailty: implications for universal design. J Physiol Anthropol 25:113–118 Chen X, Mao G, Leng SX (2014) Frailty syndrome: an overview. Clin Interv Aging 9:433–441 Martinez-Selles M, Vidan MT, Lopez-Palop R et al (2009) End-stage heart disease in the elderly. Rev Esp Cardiol 62:409–421 Richmond J, Aharonoff GB, Zuckerman JD, Koval KJ (2003) Mortality risk after hip fracture. J Orthop Trauma 17:53–56 Svensson O, Stromberg L, Ohlen G, Lindgren U (1996) Prediction of the outcome after hip fracture in elderly patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br Vol 78:115–118 Smith P, Ariti C, Bardsley M (2013) Focus on hip fracture: trends in emergency admission for fractured neck of femur, 2001 to 2011. Nuffield Trust/Health Foundation, London. http://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/sites/files/nuffield/publication/131010_focus-on-hip-fracture.pdf. Accessed 25 Mar 2015 Ensrud KE, Ewing SK, Taylor BC et al (2007) Frailty and risk of falls, fracture, and mortality in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Gerontol A: Biol Med Sci 62:744–751 Wiles MD, Moran CG, Sahota O, Moppett IK (2011) Nottingham Hip Fracture Score as a predictor of one year mortality in patients undergoing surgical repair of fractured neck of femur. Br J Anaesth 106:501–504 Patel KV, Brennan KL, Brennan ML, Jupiter DC, Shar A, Davis ML (2014) Association of a modified frailty index with mortality after femoral neck fracture in patients aged 60 years and older. Clin Orthop Relat Res 472:1010–1017 Krishnan M, Beck S, Havelock W, Eeles E, Hubbard RE, Johansen A (2014) Predicting outcome after hip fracture: using a frailty index to integrate comprehensive geriatric assessment results. Age Ageing 43:122–126 Brown JP, Josse RG, Scientific Advisory Council of the Osteoporosis Society of C (2002) 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 167:S1–S34 Seeman E (2002) Pathogenesis of bone fragility in women and men. Lancet 359:1841–1850 Ebeling PR (1998) Osteoporosis in men. New insights into aetiology, pathogenesis, prevention and management. Drugs Aging 13:421–434 Lips P (1997) Epidemiology and predictors of fractures associated with osteoporosis. Am J Med 103:3S–8S, discussion 8S-11S Chrischilles EA, Butler CD, Davis CS, Wallace RB (1991) A model of lifetime osteoporosis impact. Arch Intern Med 151:2026–2032 Center JR, Bliuc D, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA (2007) Risk of subsequent fracture after low-trauma fracture in men and women. JAMA 297:387–394 Center JR, Nguyen TV, Schneider D, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA (1999) Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study. Lancet 353:878–882 Burge R, Dawson-Hughes B, Solomon DH, Wong JB, King A, Tosteson A (2007) Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025. J Bone Miner Res : Off J Am Soc Bone Miner Res 22:465–475 Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Sernbo I, Redlund-Johnell I, Petterson C, De Laet C, Jonsson B (2004) Fracture risk following an osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos Int 15:175–179 Ganda K, Puech M, Chen JS, Speerin R, Bleasel J, Center JR, Eisman JA, March L, Seibel MJ (2013) Models of care for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 24:393–406 British Geriatric Society (2007) Orthogeriatric models of care. http://www.bgs.org.uk/index.php/topresources/publicationfind/goodpractice/371-orthogeriatricmodels. Accessed 25 March 2015 Fisher AA, Davis MW, Rubenach SE, Sivakumaran S, Smith PN, Budge MM (2006) Outcomes for older patients with hip fractures: the impact of orthopedic and geriatric medicine cocare. J Orthop Trauma 20:172–178, discussion 179-180 Friedman SM, Mendelson DA, Bingham KW, Kates SL (2009) Impact of a comanaged Geriatric Fracture Center on short-term hip fracture outcomes. Arch Intern Med 169:1712–1717 Leung AH, Lam TP, Cheung WH, Chan T, Sze PC, Lau T, Leung KS (2011) An orthogeriatric collaborative intervention program for fragility fractures: a retrospective cohort study. J Trauma 71:1390–1394 Deschodt M, Braes T, Flamaing J, Detroyer E, Broos P, Haentjens P, Boonen S, Milisen K (2012) Preventing delirium in older adults with recent hip fracture through multidisciplinary geriatric consultation. J Am Geriatr Soc 60:733–739 Shyu YI, Liang J, Wu CC, Su JY, Cheng HS, Chou SW, Chen MC, Yang CT (2008) Interdisciplinary intervention for hip fracture in older Taiwanese: benefits last for 1 year. J Gerontol A: Biol Med Sci 63:92–97 Stenvall M, Olofsson B, Nyberg L, Lundstrom M, Gustafson Y (2007) Improved performance in activities of daily living and mobility after a multidisciplinary postoperative rehabilitation in older people with femoral neck fracture: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. J Rehabil Med 39:232–238 Van Rompaey B, Elseviers MM, Schuurmans MJ, Shortridge-Baggett LM, Truijen S, Bossaert L (2009) Risk factors for delirium in intensive care patients: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care 13:R77 Bjorkelund KB, Hommel A, Thorngren KG, Lundberg D, Larsson S (2011) The influence of perioperative care and treatment on the 4-month outcome in elderly patients with hip fracture. AANA J 79:51–61 Gupta A (2014) The effectiveness of geriatrician-led comprehensive hip fracture collaborative care in a new acute hip unit based in a general hospital setting in the UK. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 44:20–26 Kammerlander C, Roth T, Friedman SM, Suhm N, Luger TJ, Kammerlander-Knauer U, Krappinger D, Blauth M (2010) Ortho-geriatric service–a literature review comparing different models. Osteoporos Int 21:S637–S646 Martinez-Reig M, Ahmad L, Duque G (2012) The orthogeriatrics model of care: systematic review of predictors of institutionalization and mortality in post-hip fracture patients and evidence for interventions. J Am Med Dir Assoc 13:770–777 Griffiths R, Alper J, Beckingsale A et al (2012) Management of proximal femoral fractures 2011: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Anaesthesia 67:85–98 Braithwaite RS, Col NF, Wong JB (2003) Estimating hip fracture morbidity, mortality and costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 51:364–370 Hasserius R, Karlsson MK, Jonsson B, Redlund-Johnell I, Johnell O (2005) Long-term morbidity and mortality after a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture in the elderly–a 12- and 22-year follow-up of 257 patients. Calcif Tissue Int 76:235–242 Bonne S, Schuerer DJ (2013) Trauma in the older adult: epidemiology and evolving geriatric trauma principles. Clin Geriatr Med 29:137–150 Hasserius R, Karlsson MK, Nilsson BE, Redlund-Johnell I, Johnell O, European Vertebral Osteoporosis S (2003) Prevalent vertebral deformities predict increased mortality and increased fracture rate in both men and women: a 10-year population-based study of 598 individuals from the Swedish cohort in the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int 14:61–68 Aw D, Sahota O (2014) Orthogeriatrics moving forward. Age Ageing 43:301–305 Ho WW, Kwan Dai DL, Liu KW, Chow KM, Lau E, Woo J, Leung KS (2009) To investigate the effect and cost-effectiveness of implementing an orthogeriatric intervention for elderly patients with acute hip fracture: the experience in Hong Kong. J Am Geriatr Soc 57:2153–2154 Edwards BJ, Song J, Dunlop DD, Fink HA, Cauley JA (2010) Functional decline after incident wrist fractures–Study of Osteoporotic Fractures: prospective cohort study. BMJ 341:c3324 Ellis G, Whitehead MA, Robinson D, O’Neill D, Langhorne P (2011) Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults admitted to hospital: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 343:d6553 Liu-Ambrose T, Donaldson MG, Ahamed Y, Graf P, Cook WL, Close J, Lord SR, Khan KM (2008) Otago home-based strength and balance retraining improves executive functioning in older fallers: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 56:1821–1830 Palvanen M, Kannus P, Piirtola M, Niemi S, Parkkari J, Jarvinen M (2014) Effectiveness of the Chaos Falls Clinic in preventing falls and injuries of home-dwelling older adults: a randomised controlled trial. Injury 45:265–271 Antonelli Incalzi R, Gemma A, Capparella O, Bernabei R, Sanguinetti C, Carbonin PU (1993) Continuous geriatric care in orthopedic wards: a valuable alternative to orthogeriatric units. Aging 5:207–216 Khasraghi FA, Christmas C, Lee EJ, Mears SC, Wenz JF Sr (2005) Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team approach to hip fracture management. J Surg Orthop Adv 14:27–31 Adunsky A, Lerner-Geva L, Blumstein T, Boyko V, Mizrahi E, Arad M (2011) Improved survival of hip fracture patients treated within a comprehensive geriatric hip fracture unit, compared with standard of care treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc 12:439–444 Deschodt M, Flamaing J, Haentjens P, Boonen S, Milisen K (2013) Impact of geriatric consultation teams on clinical outcome in acute hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 11:48 Buecking B, Timmesfeld N, Riem S, Bliemel C, Hartwig E, Friess T, Liener U, Ruchholtz S, Eschbach D (2013) Early orthogeriatric treatment of trauma in the elderly: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Deut Arztebl Int 110:255–262 Haywood KL, Griffin XL, Achten J, Costa ML (2014) Developing a core outcome set for hip fracture trials. Bone Joint J 96-B:1016–1023 Marcantonio ER, Flacker JM, Wright RJ, Resnick NM (2001) Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:516–522 Stenvall M, Olofsson B, Lundstrom M, Englund U, Borssen B, Svensson O, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y (2007) A multidisciplinary, multifactorial intervention program reduces postoperative falls and injuries after femoral neck fracture. Osteoporos Int 18:167–175 Simunovic N, Devereaux PJ, Sprague S, Guyatt GH, Schemitsch E, Debeer J, Bhandari M (2010) Effect of early surgery after hip fracture on mortality and complications: systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ : Can Med Assoc J = J Assoc Med Can 182:1609–1616 Wilkins K (1999) Health reports. Ottawa : Statistics Canada = Statistique Canada, 1989 Clague JE, Craddock E, Andrew G, Horan MA, Pendleton N (2002) Predictors of outcome following hip fracture. Admission time predicts length of stay and in-hospital mortality. Injury 33:1–6 Fransen M, Woodward M, Norton R, Robinson E, Butler M, Campbell AJ (2002) Excess mortality or institutionalization after hip fracture: men are at greater risk than women. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:685–690 Miura LN, DiPiero AR, Homer LD (2009) Effects of a geriatrician-led hip fracture program: improvements in clinical and economic outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 57:159–167 Magaziner J, Simonsick EM, Kashner TM, Hebel JR, Kenzora JE (1990) Predictors of functional recovery one year following hospital discharge for hip fracture: a prospective study. J Gerontol 45:M101–M107 Neuman MD, Silber JH, Magaziner JS, Passarella MA, Mehta S, Werner RM (2014) Survival and functional outcomes after hip fracture among nursing home residents. JAMA Intern Med 174:1273–1280 Randell AG, Nguyen TV, Bhalerao N, Silverman SL, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA (2000) Deterioration in quality of life following hip fracture: a prospective study. Osteoporos Int 11:460–466 Adunsky A, Lusky A, Arad M, Heruti RJ (2003) A comparative study of rehabilitation outcomes of elderly hip fracture patients: the advantage of a comprehensive orthogeriatric approach. J Gerontol A Biol Med Sci 58:542–547 (2014) Global elderly care in crisis. Lancet 383:927 Leddin DJ (1997) Health economics: a clinician’s perspective. Can J Gastroenterol 11(Suppl B):106B–107B Della Rocca GJ, Moylan KC, Crist BD, Volgas DA, Stannard JP, Mehr DR (2013) Comanagement of geriatric patients with hip fractures: a retrospective, controlled, cohort study. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 4:10–15 Ginsberg G, Adunsky A, Rasooly I (2013) A cost-utility analysis of a comprehensive orthogeriatric care for hip fracture patients, compared with standard of care treatment. Hip Int : J Clin Exp Res Pathol Ther 23:570–575 RCP (2014) National Hip Fracture Database. https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/national-hip-fracture-database-nhfd. Accessed 25 March 2015