Persistence of cattle ranching in the Brazilian Amazon: A spatial analysis of the rationale for beef production

Land Use Policy - Tập 29 - Trang 558-568 - 2012
Maria S. Bowman1, Britaldo S. Soares-Filho2, Frank D. Merry3, Daniel C. Nepstad4, Hermann Rodrigues2, Oriana T. Almeida4,5
1Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540-1644, USA
2Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
3Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univerisity, 313 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
4Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia. Av. Nazaré, 669, Bairro: Nazaré, Belém, PA 66040-143, Brazil
5Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, Universidade Federal do Pará. Campus Universitário do Guamá, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil

Tài liệu tham khảo

Aguiar, 2002, Changes in beef consumption and retailing competitiveness in Brazil: a rapid appraisal, Agribus, 18, 145, 10.1002/agr.10013 Aliança da Terra, 2009, Critérios, indicadores e meios de verificação do Cadastro de Compromisso Socioambiental do Xingu Alston, 2000, Land reform policies, the sources of violent conflict, and implications for deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, J. Environ. Econ. Manage., 39, 162, 10.1006/jeem.1999.1103 Alston, 1996, The determinants and impacts of property rights: land titles on the Brazilian frontier, J. Law Econ. Organ., 12, 25, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jleo.a023360 Almeida, 1995, Brazil's rural land tax: tool for stimulating productive and sustainable land uses in the Eastern Amazon, Land Use Policy, 12, 105, 10.1016/0264-8377(94)00050-A Amacher, 2009, Smallholder timber sale decisions on the Amazon frontier, Ecol. Econ., 68, 1787, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.11.018 Angelsen, 1999, Agricultural expansion and deforestation: modelling the impact of population, market forces and property rights, J. Dev. Econ., 58, 185, 10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00108-4 Angelsen, 2010, Policies for reduced deforestation and their impact on agricultural production, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 19639, 10.1073/pnas.0912014107 Araujo, 2009, Property rights and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, Ecol. Econ., 68, 2461, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.12.015 Araujo, 2010 Arima, 2005 Barona, 2010, The role of pasture and soybean in deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon, Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 1, 10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024002 Barreto, P., Arima, E., Brito, M., 2005. Cattle ranching and challenges for environmental conservation in the Amazon, IMAZON State of the Amazon report 5, pp. 1–5. Barros, 2002 BBC News, 2011. Brazil: Amazon deforestation rises sharply [online]. Available from: <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-13449792> (accessed 06.15.11). Binswanger, 1991, Brazilian policies that encourage deforestation in the Amazon, World Dev., 19, 821, 10.1016/0305-750X(91)90135-5 Boserup, 1965 Bustamante, 2009 Caldas, 2010, Settlement formation and land cover and land use change: a case study in the Brazilian Amazon, J. Lat. Am. Geogr., 9, 125, 10.1353/lag.0.0066 Carpentier, 2000, Intensified production systems on western Brazilian Amazon settlement farms: could they save the forest?, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 82, 73, 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00217-6 Cattaneo, 2008, Regional comparative advantage, location of agriculture, and deforestation in Brazil, J. Sustain. Forest., 27, 25, 10.1080/10549810802225200 Caviglia-Harris, 2005, Cattle accumulation and land use intensification by households in the Brazilian Amazon, Agric. Resour. Econ. Rev., 34, 145, 10.1017/S1068280500008327 Cederberg, 2011, Including carbon emissions from deforestation in the carbon footprint of Brazilian beef, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1773, 10.1021/es103240z Cerri, 2010, Greenhouse gas mitigation options in Brazil for land-use change, livestock and agriculture, Sci. Agric., 67, 102, 10.1590/S0103-90162010000100015 Chaddad, 2006, The evolution of agricultural policies and agribusiness development in Brazil, Choices, 21, 85 Chomitz, 2003, Determinants of land use in Amazônia: a fine-scale spatial analysis, Am. J. Agric. Econ., 85, 1016, 10.1111/1467-8276.00504 Cohn, A., Bowman, M., Zilberman, D., O’Neill, K., 2011. The Viability of Cattle Ranching Intensification in Brazil as a Strategy to Spare Land and Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions. CCAFS Working Paper 11, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Copenhagen, Denmark [online]. Available from:.(accessed 09.20.11). de Gouvello, 2010 Embassy of Brazil, 2010. Brazil's nationally appropriate mitigation actions [online]. Available from: <http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/cop_15/copenhagen_accord/application/pdf/brazilcphaccord_app2.pdf> (accessed 04.15.11). Euclides, 2010, Brazilian scientific progress in pasture research during the first decade of XXI century, Rev. Bras. Zootec., 39, 151, 10.1590/S1516-35982010001300018 Euclides Filho, 2002, Boas prácticas na produção de bovinos de corte Faminow, 1997, Spatial economics of local demand for cattle products in Amazon development, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 62, 1, 10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01116-4 Faminow, 1997, The Brazilian cattle sector: status, prospects and controversies, Can. J. Agric. Econ., 45, 179, 10.1111/j.1744-7976.1997.tb00203.x Faminow, 1998 Fearnside, 1979, Cattle yield prediction for the transamazon highway of Brazil, Interciencia, 4, 220 Fearnside, 1980, The effects of cattle pasture on soil fertility in the Brazilian Amazon: consequences for beef production sustainability, Trop. Ecol., 21, 125 FNO, 2010. Plano de aplicação dos recursos para 2010. Belém, 203 pp. FNP, 2007. Análise do mercado de terras: relatório bimestral. São Paulo, pp. 55. Furtado, 1971 Galford, 2010, Greenhouse gas emissions from alternative futures of deforestation and agricultural management in the southern Amazon, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 19649, 10.1073/pnas.1000780107 Garcia, 2007, Socioeconomic dimensions, migration, and deforestation: an integrated model of territorial organization for the Brazilian Amazon, Ecol. Indic., 7, 719, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.08.003 Garnett, 2009, Livestock-related greenhouse gas emissions: impacts and options for policy makers, Environ. Sci. Policy, 12, 491, 10.1016/j.envsci.2009.01.006 Greenpeace International, 2009. Slaughtering the Amazon [online]. Available from: <http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/reports/slaughtering-the-amazon> (accessed 09.30.09). Greenpeace International, 2010. Slaughterhouses request more time to map their suppliers. Zero Deforestation Bulletin 1:1-2 [online]. Available from: <http://www.greenpeace.org/brasil/Global/brasil/report/2010/5/zerodefbulletin-engWEB-1.pdf> (accessed 07.05.11). Hardie, 2004, Land use decisions and policy at the intensive and extensive margins, 101 Hecht, 1985, Environment, development and politics: capital accumulation and the livestock sector in eastern Amazonia, World Dev., 13, 663, 10.1016/0305-750X(85)90114-7 Hecht, 1993, The logic of livestock and deforestation in Amazonia, Bioscience, 43, 10.2307/1312340 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2011. DETER Relatório de Avaliação, Março/Abril de 2011. [online] Available from: <http://www.obt.inpe.br/deter/avaliacao/Avaliacao_DETER_marco_abril2011.pdf> (accessed 06.15.11). Jones, 1994, Development policies, rural land use, and tropical deforestation, Reg. Sci. Urban Econ., 24, 753, 10.1016/0166-0462(94)90010-8 Junior, C., 2009. BNDES amplia exigências ambientais em empréstimos para frigoríficos. Folha de São Paulo [online]. Available from: <http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/dinheiro/ult91u598648.shtml> (accessed 01.18.10). Kaimowitz, 1998 Kaimowitz, 2008, Will livestock intensification help save Latin America's tropical forests?, J. Sustain. Forest., 27, 6, 10.1080/10549810802225168 Kaimowitz, 2004 Lambin, 2000, Are agricultural land-use models able to predict changes in land-use intensity?, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 82, 321, 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00235-8 Lima, 2006, Searching for sustainability: Forest policies, smallholders, and the Trans-Amazon highway, Environ., 48, 26, 10.3200/ENVT.48.1.26-38 Levy-Costa, 2005, Disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos no Brasil: distribuicao e evolucao (1974–2003), Rev. Saude Publ., 39, 530, 10.1590/S0034-89102005000400003 Lima, 2005 Macedo, D., 2011. Agricultura empresarial tomou R$ 94,2 bilhões em financiamento na safra 2010/2011. Agência Brasil [online]. Available from: <http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/noticia/2011-07-21/agricultura-empresarial-tomou-r-942-bilhoes-em-financiamento-na-safra-20102011> (accessed 09.14.11). Macedo, 2006, Modernização da pecuária de corte bovina no Brasil e a importância do crédito rural, Inf. Econ., 36, 83 Magalhães, J.C., 2009. Justiça impõe exigências para fazenda no PA voltar a vender carne. Folha de São Paulo [online]. Available from: <http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/dinheiro/ult91u597983.shtml> (accessed 01.18.10). Margulis, 2004 Martinelli, 2010, Agriculture in Brazil: impacts, costs, and opportunities for a sustainable future, Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., 2, 431, 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.09.008 Mattos, 1994, Economic and ecological perspectives on ranching in the Eastern Amazon, World Dev., 22, 145, 10.1016/0305-750X(94)90066-3 McAlpine, 2009, Increasing world consumption of beef as a driver of regional and global change: a call for policy action based on evidence from Queensland (Australia), Colombia and Brazil, Global Environ. Chang., 19, 21, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.008 Merry, 2008, Land values in frontier settlements of the Brazilian Amazon, World Dev., 36, 2390, 10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.11.014 Merry, 2004, The role of informal contracts in the growth of small cattle herds on the floodplains of the Lower Amazon, Agric. Human Values, 21, 377, 10.1007/s10460-003-1246-y Merry, 2009, Balancing conservation and economic sustainability: the future of the Amazon timber industry, Environ. Manage., 44, 395, 10.1007/s00267-009-9337-1 Mertens, 2002, Crossing spatial analyses and livestock economics to understand deforestation processes in the Brazilian Amazon: the case of São Félix do Xingú in South Pará, Agric. Econ., 27, 269 Morton, 2006, Cropland expansion changes deforestation dynamics in the southern Brazilian Amazon, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 103, 14637, 10.1073/pnas.0606377103 Nepstad, 2006, Globalization of the Amazon soy and beef industries: opportunities for conservation, Conserv. Biol., 20, 1595, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00510.x Nepstad, 2009, The end of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, Science, 326, 1350, 10.1126/science.1182108 Nicholson, 1995, Livestock, deforestation, and policy making: intensification of cattle production systems in Central America revisited, J. Dairy Sci., 78, 719, 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76684-X OECD/FAO, 2011. OECD-FAO Agricultural outlook 2011–2010. OECD Publishing and FAO [online]. Available from: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_outlook-2011-en> (accessed 07.08.11). Pacheco, 2009, Agrarian reform in the Brazilian Amazon: its implications for land distribution and deforestation, World Dev., 37, 1337, 10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.08.019 Polaquini, 2006, Transformações técno-produtivas e comerciais na pecuária de corte brasileira da década de 90, R. Bras. Zootec., 35, 321, 10.1590/S1516-35982006000100040 Comitê Interministerial Sobre Mudança do Clima, 2008 The National Climate Change Plan. Brasilia, 132 pp. Reuters, 2009. Certificação para carne bovina deve sair em 90 dias, diz Abras. Folha de São Paulo [online]. Available from: <http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/dinheiro/ult91u602308.shtml> (accessed 01.18.10). Ribeiro, 2005, Exportação Brasileira de carne bovina: uma análise de comércio exterior, 1894 Rivero, 2009, Pecuária e desmatamento: uma análise das principais causas diretas do desmatamento na Amazônia, Nova Econ., 19, 41, 10.1590/S0103-63512009000100003 Rueda, 2003, Production and economic potentials of cattle in pasture-based systems of the western Amazon region of Brazil, J. Anim. Sci., 81, 2923, 10.2527/2003.81122923x Santos, M.A.S., Rebello, F.K., Costa, M.A.Q., Costa, D.H.M., Lopes, M.L.B., 1999. A cadeia produtiva da pecuária de corte no estado de Rondônia. Banco da Amazônia S. A. Consultoria Técnica No. 12. Belém, 36 pp. Serviço Florestal Brasileiro and Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazônia, 2010. A atividade madereira na Amazônia brasileira: produção, receita e mercados. Belém, Pará, 32 pp. Sills, 2008, Evolution of the Amazonian frontier: Land values in Rondônia, Brazil, Land Use Policy, 26, 55, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2007.12.002 Simmons, 2010, Doing it for themselves: direct action land reform in the Brazilian Amazon, World Dev., 38, 429, 10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.003 Simon, 2005, The expansion of agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon, Environ. Conserv., 32, 203, 10.1017/S0376892905002201 Smeraldi, 2008 Soares-Filho, B.S., Rodrigues, H., Costa, W., 2009. Modeling environmental dynamics with Dinamica EGO [online]. Available from: <www.csr.ufmg.br/dinamica> (accessed 04.06.10). Soares-Filho, 2006, Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin, Nature, 440, 520, 10.1038/nature04389 Soares-Filho, 2010, Role of Brazilian Amazon protected areas in climate change mitigation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 10821, 10.1073/pnas.0913048107 Somwaru, 2004, Brazil's beef production and its efficiency: a comparative study of scale economies, 19 Sparovek, 2010, Brazilian agriculture and environmental legislation: status and future challenges, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6046, 10.1021/es1007824 Steiger, 2006, Modern beef production in Brazil and Argentina, Choices, 21, 105 Steinfeld, 2006 Steinfeld, 2006, Livestock production systems in developing countries: status, drivers, trends, Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 25, 505, 10.20506/rst.25.2.1677 The Economist Magazine, 2009 Toniolo, 1995, Economic and ecological perspectives on agriculture in the Eastern Amazon, World Dev., 23, 959, 10.1016/0305-750X(95)00027-A Vargas, R., 2009. Marfrig afirma que vai recusar gado de areas desmatadas. Folha de São Paulo [online]. Available from: <http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/dinheiro/ult91u585011.shtml> (accessed 01.18.10). Walker, 2008, Ranching and the new global range: Amazônia in the 21st century, Geoforum, 40, 732, 10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.10.009 Wassenaar, 2007, Projecting land use changes in the Neotropics: the geography of pasture expansion into forest, Global Environ. Change, 17, 86, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.03.007 Zaks, 2009, Producer and consumer responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production – a perspective from the Brazilian Amazon, Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 12, 10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044010