The Sol-Gel Process as a Basic Technology for Nanoparticle-Dispersed Inorganic-Organic Composites
Tóm tắt
Nanoparticles containing hybrid materials became of interest for many areas in the last decade. The reason for this is the fact that, in addition to the molecular inorganic-organic hybrid network, the physical, electronical, optical or catalytical properties of nanoparticles resulting from the inorganic crystalline, glassy or metallic properties also can be used for the material tailoring. For this reason, a survey is given over some interesting developments. Furthermore, in case studies, examples are given for the effect of nanoparticles on the two component Ormosil type of hybrids composed of ethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS) and methylethoxy(methoxy)triethoxy silane (MTEOS, MTMOS). It was shown that the 6 nm SiO2-containing nanocomposite hybrid sols can be dried in form of thick films up to 14 μm after a one step dip-coating process and densified crack-free. This is attributed to the increase of relaxation ability and flexibility. This nanocomposite based on TEOS, MTEOS and particulate SiO2 has been used to develop an industrial process for a new type of environmentally friendly glass fiber mat with a temperature resistance up to 600°C.
Tài liệu tham khảo
F. Lange, in International Symposium on Molecular Level Designing of Ceramics, Nagoya, 1991, edited by Team of the NEDO International Joint Research Program, p. 14.
C.J. Brinker and G. W. Scherer, Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing (Academic Press, Boston, 1990).
H. Schmidt, in Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 32: Organically modified silicates by the sol-gel process, 1984, p. 327.
Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 519: Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials, San Francisco, 1998: Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. Vol. 435: Better Ceramics Through Chemistry VII: Organic-inorganic Hybrid Materials, Pittsburgh, 1996.
J.D. Mackenzie (ed.), SPIE, Vol. 2288: Sol-Gel Optics III, (SPIE, Bellingham/WA, USA, 1994); SPIE Sol-Gel Optics IV, edited by J.D. Mackenzie, Vol. 3136 (Bellingham/Washington, 1997); SPIE Sol-Gel Optics II, edited by J.D. Mackenzie, Vol. 1758 (Bellingham/San Diego, 1992).
H. Schmidt, in KONA, Powder and Particle, Nr. 14: Relevance of Sol-Gel Methods for Synthesis of Fine Particles, 1996, p. 92.
M. Mennig, G. Jonschker, and H. Schmidt, in SPIE Sol-Gel Optics II: Sol-Gel Derived Thick SiO 2 Coatings and Their Thermomechanical and Optical Properties, edited by J.D. Mackenzie (SPIE, Bellingham, San Diego, 1992), p. 125.
H. Schmidt, M. Mennig, R. Nonninger, P.W. Oliveira, and H. Schirra, in Mat. Res. Soc. Symp.: Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials Processing and Applications (San Francisco, 1999).
J. Zarzycki, in European Meeting Inorganic Coatings on Glass: Synthesis of Glasses from Precursor: Bulk and Film—A Comparision, edited by P. Picozzi, S. Santucci, P. Boattini, L. Massarelli, and V. Scopa (Società Italiana Vetro, L'Aquila, Italy, 1998), p. 149.
M. Mennig, G. Jonschker, G. Maetze, A. Bauer, H. Schmidt, and K. Gropkopf, in Glastechnische Tagung, Deutsche Glastechnische Gesellschaft (Anorganisch-organischer Nanokompositkleber für die Faser-Chip-Kopplung), Fulda, 1992.
M. Mennig, M. Schmitt, H. Schmidt, K.-J. Berg, and J. Porstendorfer, in Rivista della Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro (Growth and Deformation of Gold Colloids in Lead Crystal Glass), Saarbruecken, Germany, 1993.
C.Y. Li, J.Y. Tseng, K. Morita, C. Lechner, Y. Hu, and J.D. Mackenzie, in SPIE, Vol. 1758: Sol-Gel Optics II, edited by J.D. Mackenzie (SPIE, Bellingham, San Diego, 1992), p. 410.
C.Y. Li, J.Y. Tseng, C. Lechner, and J.D. Mackenzie, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 272: Chemical Processes in Inorganic Materials: Metal and Semiconductor Clusters and Colloids, Los Angeles, 1992, p. 133.
C.Y. Li, M. Wilson, N. Haegel, J.D. Mackenzie, E.T. Knobbe, C. Porter, and R. Reeves, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 272: Chemical Processes in Inorganic Materials: Metal and Semiconductor Clusters and Colloids, Los Angeles, 1992, p. 41.
R. Burzynski, M.K. Casstevens, Y. Zhang, J. Zieba, and P.N. Prassad, in SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. Vol. 1853: Organic und Biological Optoelectronics, Bellingham, San Diego, 1993, p. 158.
J.D. Mackenzie, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 1(1), 7 (1993).
A. Makishima and M. Uo, Oyo Butsuri 63(10), 988 (1994).
L. Kador, R. Fischer, R. Kasemann, S. Brueck, and H. Duerr J. Appl. Phys. 75(5), 2709 (1994).
E.J.A. Pope, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2(1–3), 717 (1994).
E.P. Bescher, J.D. Mackenzie, T. Ohtsuki, and N. Peyghambarian, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Los Angeles, 1994, Vol. 351, p. 135.
B. Viana, N. Koslova, P. Aschehoug, and C. Sanchez, J. Mater. Chem. 5(5), 719 (1995).
N.D. Kumar, G. Ruland, M. Yoshida, M. Lal, J. Bhawalkar, G.S. He, and P.N. Prasad, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., New York, 1996, Vol. 435, p. 535.
C. Sanchez and B. Lebeau, Pure Appl. Opt. 5(5), 689 (1996).
F. Leroux, B.E. Koene, and L.F. Nazar, J. Electrochem. Soc. 143(9), L181 (1996).
G.M. Kloster, J.A. Thomas, P.W. Brazis, C.R. Kannewurf, and D.F. Shriver, Chem. Mater. 8(10), 2418 (1996).
R. Gvishi, U. Narang, G. Ruland, D.N. Kumar, and P.N. Prassad, Appl. Organomet. Chem. 11(2), 107 (1997).
F. Gan, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 13(1–3), 559 (1998).
C. Sanchez, F. Ribot, and B. Lebeau, J. Mater. Chem. 9(1), 35 (1999).
K. Saravanamuttu, M.P. Andrews, and S.I. Najafi, in Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., Montreal, 1998, Vol. 3417, p. 19.
M.P. Andrews, K. Saravanamuttu, T. Touam, R. Sara, X.M. Du, and S.I. Najafi in Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., Montreal, 1998, Vol. 3282, p. 50.
M. Lal, M. Joshi, D.N. Kumar, C.S. Friend, J. Winiarz, T. Asefa, K. Kim, and P.N. Prasad, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., New York, 1998, Vol. 519, p. 217.
H.P. Wong, B.C. Dave, F. Leroux, J. Harreld, B. Dunn, and L.F. Nazar, J. Mater Chem. 8(4), 1019 (1998).
E. Cordoncillo, B. Viana, P. Escribano, and C. Sanchez, J. Mater. Chem. 8(3), 507 (1998).
D. Blanc, P. Peyrot, C. Sanchez, and C. Gonnet, Opt. Eng. 37(4), 1203 (1998).
C.S. Friend, M. Lal, A. Biswas, J. Winiarz, L. Zhang, and P.N. Prasad, in Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.,NewYork, 1998, Vol. 3469, p. 100.
P. Etienne, P. Coudray, Y. Moreau, and J. Porque, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 13(1–3), 523 (1998).
Y. Chen, H. L.W. Chan, and C.L. Choy, in ISAF '96, Proc. 10th IEEE Int. Symp. Appl. Ferroelectr., Hong Kong, 1996, Vol. 2, p. 619.
S. Hirano, T. Yogo, K. Kikuta, and S. Yamada, Ceram. Trans. 68, 131 (1996).
Q. Zhang, H.L.W. Chan, Q. Zhou, and C.L. Choy, Chin. Sci. Bull. 43(2), 111 (1998).
Y. Chen, H.L.W. Chan, and C.L. Choy, Thin Solid Films 323(1, 2), 270 (1998).
Y. Chen, H.L.W. Chan, and C.L. Choy, J. Korean Phys. Soc., 32(Suppl., Proceedings of the 9th International Meeting on Ferroelectricity, 1997, Pt. 3), S1072 (1998).
Y. Chen, H.L.W. Chan, and C.L. Choy, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81(5), 1231 (1998).
Q.Q. Zhang, H.L.W. Chan, and C.L. Choy, Composites, Part A 30A(2), 163 (1998).
Q.Q. Zhang, L.W. Chan, Q. Zhou, and C.L. Choy, Mater. Res. Innovations, 2(5), 283 (1999).
H.L.W. Chan, S.T. Lau, K.W. Kwok, Q.Q. Zhang, Q.F. Zhou, and C.L. Choy, Sens. Actuators A75(3), 252 (1999).
J.E. Mark, in Int. SAMPE Tech. Conf., Vol. 27: Diversity into the Next Century, Cincinnati, 1995, p. 539.
T. Saegusa, in Macromol. Symp., Vol. 98: 35th IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules, Kyoto, 1995, p. 719.
B.M. Novak, M.W. Ellsworth, and C. Verrier, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 70, 266 (1993).
C.L. Beaudry and L.C. Klein, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 73, 431 (1995).
C.L. Beaudry and L.C. Klein, ACS Symp. Ser. 622, 382 (1996).
J. Wen and G.L. Wilkes, Chem. Mater. 8(8), 1667 (1996).
P.B. Leezenberg, M.D. Fayer, and C.W. Frank, Pure Appl. Chem. 68(7), 1381 (1996).
Z. Gao, Z. Zhao, Y. Ou, Z. Qi, and F. Wang, Polym. Int. 40(3), 187 (1996).
M.I. Sarwar and Z. Ahmad, in Adv. Mater.—97, Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Islamabad, edited by M. Afzal Khan (Dr. A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories Kahuta, Rawalpindi, Pak, 1997), p. 73.
M. Motomatsu, T. Takahashi, H.-Y. Nie, W. Mizutani, and H. Tokumoto, Polymer 38(1), 177 (1997).
J.F. Gerard, H. Kaddami, and J.P. Pascault, in Ext. Abstr.— EUROFILLERS 97, 2nd Int. Conf. Filled Polym. Fillers, Lyon, 1997, p. 407.
A.B. Wojcik, A. Ting, and L.C. Klein, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, C6(2, 3), 115 (1998).
E. Reynaud, C. Gauthier, and J. Perez, Rev. Metall./Cah. Inf. Tech. 96(2), 169 (1999).
K.A. Mauritz, I.D. Stefanithis, S.V. Davis, R.W. Scheetz, R.K. Pope, and G.L. Wilkes, H.-H-Huang, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 55(1), 181 (1995).
P.L. Shao, K.A. Mauritz, and R.B. Moore, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 73, 427 (1995).
P.L. Shao, K.A. Mauritz, and R.B. Moore, Chem. Mater. 7(1), 192 (1995).
S.K. Young, Q. Deng, and K.A. Mauritz, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 74, 309 (1996).
M.A. Harmer, W.E. Farneth, and Q. Sun, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118(33), 7708 (1996).
M.A.F. Robertson and K.A. Mauritz, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 36(4), 595 (1998).
I. Honma, S. Hirakawa, K. Yamada, and J.M. Bae, Solid State Ionics 118(1–2), 29 (1999).
K. Dahmouche, C.V. Santilli, S.H. Pulcinelli, and A.F. Craievich, J. Phys. Chem. B 103(24), 4937 (1999).
Z. Hu, A.F. Slaterbeck, C.J. Seliskar, T.H. Ridgway, and W.R. Heinemann, Langmuir 15(3), 767 (1999).
S.P. Nunes, J. Schultz, and K.-V. Peinemann, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 15(13), 1139 (1996).
Q. Hu, E. Marand, S. Dhingra, D. Fritsch, J. Wen, and G. Wilkes, J. Membr. Sci. 135(1), 65 (1997).
P.B. Malla and S. Komarneni, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 286: Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials, 1993, p. 323.
A. Okada and A. Usuki, Mater.Sci. Eng. C C3(2), 109 (1995).
D.H. Gray, S. Hu, E. Juang, and D.L. Gin, Adv. Mater. 9(9), 731 (1997).
P. Olivera-Pastor, P. Maireles-Torres, E. Rodriguez-Castellon, A. Jimenez-Lopez, T. Cassagneau, D.J. Jones, and J. Roziere, Chem. Mater 8(8), 1758 (1996).
L. Ukrainczyk, R.A. Bellman, K.A. Smith, and J.E. Boyd, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 457: Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials II, Ames, IA, USA, 1997, p. 519.
L. Ukrainczyk, R.A. Bellman, and A.B. Anderson, J. Phys. Chem. B. 101(4), 531 (1997).
V.M. Cepak, J.C. Hulteen, G. Che, K.B. Jirage, B.B. Lakshmi, E.R. Fisher, and C.R. Martin, J. Mater. Res. 13(11), 3070 (1998).
A. Rosidian, Y. Liu, and R.O. Claus, in Surf. Modif. Technol. XII, Proc. 12th Int. Conf., Blacksburg, VA, USA, 1998, p. 307.
C.J. Brinker, Y. Lu, A. Sellinger, and H. Fan, Adv. Mater. 11(7), 579 (1999).
H.J. Watzke; C. Dieschbourg, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 50(1–3), 1 (1994).
D. Tian, P. Dubois, C. Grandfils, R. Jerome, P. Viville, R. Lazzaroni, J.-L. Bredas, and P. Leprince, Chem. Mater. 9(4), 871 (1997).
Q.F. Zhou, Q.Q. Zhang, J.X. Zhang, L.Y. Zhang, and X. Yao, Mater. Lett. 31(1, 2), 39 (1997).
Y. Wei, D. Jin, and T. Ding, J. Phys. Chem. B 101(17), 3318 (1997).
S. Stein, N. Moszner, Th. Voelkel, and V. Rheinberger, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 519 Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials, Liechtenstein, 1998, p. 357.
I. Ichinose, T. Kawakami, and T. Kunitake, Adv. Mater. 10(7), 535 (1998).
J. Luo, J.J. Lannutti, and R.R. Seghi, Dent. Mater. 14(1), 29 (1998).
W. Shenton, T. Douglas, M. Young, G. Stubbs, and S. Mann, Adv. Mater. 11(3), 253 (1999).
D. Chakravorty, in New Mater., edited by S.K. Joshi (Narosa, New Delhi, India, 1992), p. 170.
O. Nakamura, Y. Saito, H. Nakamura, T. Asai, K. Ado, M. Haruta, T. Kobayashi, S. Tsubota, and H. Sakurai et al., Osaka Kogyo Gijutsu Shikensho Hokoku 386, 1 (1992).
J.D. Mackenzie, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 101, 1 (1993).
B.M. Novak, Adv. Mater. 5(6), 422 (1993).
R. Roy, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 286: Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials, University Park, PA, USA, 1993, p. 241.
F. Babonneau, L. Bois, J. Livage, and S. Dire, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 286: Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials, Paris, 1993, p. 289.
E.J.A. Pope, in Proc. 16th Int. Conf. Lasers, Westlake Village, CA, USA, 1994, p. 372.
R. Roy, Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn. 19B(Frontiers in Materials Science and Engineering), 719 (1994).
U. Reiter, in Ger. Offen., 3 pp., KM-kabelmetal AG, Germany.
J.D. Mackenzie, in ACS Symp. Ser., Vol. 585: Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites, Los Angeles, 1995, p. 226.
B. Lantelme, M. Dumon, C. Mai, and J.P. Pascault, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 194(1, 2), 63 (1996).
M.A.F. Robertson and K.A. Mauritz, Polym. Prepr (Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem.) 37(2), 248 (1996).
R. Roy, J. Mater. Educ. 18(4&5), 267 (1996).
C. Courtois, A. Rabih, D. O'Sullivan, A. Leriche, and B. Thierry, Key Eng. Mater. 132/136 1010 (1997).
L. Matejka and J. Plestil, in Macromol. Symp., Vol. 122: International Symposium on Polycondensation, Related Processes and Materials, Prague, Czech. Rep., 1997, p. 191.
I.A. Tutorskii, T.E. Tkachenko, and N.I. Malyavskii, Proizvod. Ispol'z. Elastomerov 8, 6 (1997).
T.A. Ulibarri, D.K. Derzon, L.C. Wang, in Annu. Tech. Conf. 55th Soc. Plast. Eng., Vol. 2, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 1997, Vol. 2, p. 1925.
J. Livage, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2(2), 132 (1997).
J. Zarzycki, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 8(1–3), 17 (1997).
F. Ribot and C. Sanchez, Comments Inorg. Chem. 20(4–6), 327 (1999).
D.R. Uhlmann and G. Teowee, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 13(1–3), 153 (1998).
M. Mohseni, P.F. James, and P.V. Wright, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 13(1–3), 495 (1998).
J. Hay, H. Raval, and D. Porter, Chem. Commun. 1, 81 (1999).
S. Yano, K. Iwata, K. Kurita, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, C6(2–3), 75 (1998).
M. Senna, Surfactant Sci. Ser. 76, 503 (1998).
J. Kang, S.H. Park, H.Y. Kwon, D.G. Park, S.S. Kim, H.-J. Kweon, and S.S. Nam, Bull Korean Chem. Soc. 19(5), 503 (1998).
Z. Ahmad, M.I. Sarwar, H. Krug, and H. Schmidt, Int. J. Polym. Mater. 39(1–2), 127 (1998).
K.M. Asif, M.I. Sarwar, S. Rafiq, and Z. Ahmad, Polym. Bull. 40(4–5), 583 (1998).
K.M. Choi and K.J. Shea, Plast. Eng. 49(Photonic Polymer Systems), 437 (1998).
K.G. Sharp, in Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 520: Nanostructured Powders and Their Industrial Application, Wilmington, DE, USA, 1998, p. 123.
B. Lebeau and C. Sanchez, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 4(1), 11 (1999).
P.W. Oliveira, H. Krug, H. Kuenstle, and H. Schmidt, in Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., Vol. 2288: Sol-Gel Optics III, (SPIE Saarbruecken, Germany, 1994), p. 554.
E.J.A. Pope, in Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., Vol. 2288: Sol-Gel Optics III, (SPIE Westlake Village, CA, USA, 1994), p. 410.
Y. Wei, W. Wang, J.-M. Yeh, B. Wang, D. Yang, J.K. Murray, Jr., D. Jin, and G. Wei, in ACS Symp. Ser., Vol. 585: Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites, Philadelphia, 1995, p. 125.
C. Guermeur, C. Sanchez, B. Schaudel, K. Nakatini, J.A. Delaire, F. Del Monte, and D. Levy, in Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., Vol. 3136: Sol-Gel Optics IV, (SPIE, Avon, France, 1997), p. 10.
P.W. Oliveira, H. Krug, and H. Schmidt, in Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., Vol. 3136: Sol-Gel Optics IV, (SPIE, Saarbruecken, Germany, 1997), p. 442.
X. Jing, M. Zheng, Z. Jin, and X. Xu, Gaofenzi Cailiao Kexue Yu Gongcheng, 14(4), 62 (1998).
K. Saravanamuttu, X.M. Du, S.I. Najafi, and M.P. Andrews, Can. J. Chem. 76(11), 1717 (1998).
C. Sanchez, A. Lafuma, L. Rozes, K. Nakatani, J.A. Delaire, E. Cordoncillo, B. Viana, and P. Escribano, in Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., Vol. 3469: Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Photonics, (SPIE, Paris, 1998), p. 192.
H. Tagaya, T. Nagaoka, T. Kuwahara, M. Karasu, J.-I. Kadokawa, and K. Chiba, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 21(4–6), 395 (1998).
G. Jonschker, Ph. D. thesis, University of Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany, 1998.
Q. Deng, K.M. Cable, R.B. Moore, and K.A. Mauritz, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 34(11), 1917 (1996).