Oral administration of dextromethorphan prevents the development of morphine tolerance and dependence in rats

Albers, 1989, N-Methyl-d-aspartate antagonists: ready for clinical trial in brain ischemia?, Ann. Neurol., 25, 398, 10.1002/ana.410250412 Albers, 1991, Safety and tolerance of oral dextromethorphan in patients at risk for brain ischemia, Stroke, 22, 1075, 10.1161/01.STR.22.8.1075 Albers, 1992, Tolerability of oral dextromethorphan in patients with a history of brain ischemia, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 15, 509, 10.1097/00002826-199212000-00009 Bem, 1992, Dextromethorphan: an overview of safety issues, Drug Safety, 7, 190, 10.2165/00002018-199207030-00004 Ben Eliyahu, 1992, The NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 prevents long-lasting non-associative morphine tolerance in the rat, Brain Res., 575, 304, 10.1016/0006-8993(92)90094-P Chen, 1994, Differential regulation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C of the μ opioid receptor coupling to a G protein activated K channel, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 7839, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37124-7 Choi, 1987, Dextrorphan and dextromethorphan attenuate glutamate neurotoxicity, Brain Res., 403, 333, 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90070-9 D'Amour, 1941, A method for determining loss of pain sensation, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 72, 74 Elliott, 1994, The NMDA receptor antagonists, LY274614 and MK-801, and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-l-arginine, attenuate algesic tolerance to the mu-opioid morphine but not to kappa opioids, Pain, 56, 69, 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90151-1 Elliott, 1994, Dextromethorphan attenuates and reverses morphine tolerance, Pain, 59, 361, 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90022-1 Ferkany, 1988, Dextromethorphan inhibits NMDA-induced convulsions, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 151, 151, 10.1016/0014-2999(88)90707-8 George, 1988, Dextromethorphan reduces neocortical ischemic neuronal damage in vivo, Brain Res., 440, 375, 10.1016/0006-8993(88)91011-6 Hollander, 1994, High-dose dextromethorphan in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: phase I safety and pharmacokinetic studies, Ann. Neurol., 36, 920, 10.1002/ana.410360619 Jurna, 1992, Oral naloxone reduces constipation but not antinociception from oral morphine in the rat, Neurosci. Lett., 142, 62, 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90620-M Kellstein, 1991, Spinal co-administration of cholecystokinin antagonists with morphine prevents the development of opioid tolerance, Pain, 47, 221, 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90208-F Kolesnikov, 1993, Blockade of tolerance to morphine but not to k opioids by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 90, 5162 Koyuncuoglu, 1990, The treatment of heroin addicts with dextromethorphan: a double-blind comparison of dextromethorphan and chlorpromazine, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 28, 147 Leander, 1989, Evaluation of dextromethorphan and carbetapentane as anticonvulsants and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid antagonists in mice, Epilepsy Res., 4, 28, 10.1016/0920-1211(89)90055-7 Litchfield, 1949, A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 96, 99 Mao, 1993, Intrathecal treatment with dextrorphan or ketamine potently reduces pain-related behaviors in a rat model of peripheral mononeuropathy, Brain Res., 605, 164, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91368-3 Mao, 1994, Thermal hyperalgesia in association with the development of morphine tolerance in rats: roles of excitatory amino acid receptors and protein kinase C, J. Neurosci., 14, 2301, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-04-02301.1994 Mao, 1995, Mechanisms of hyperalgesia and opiate tolerance: a current view of their possible interactions, Pain, 62, 259, 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00073-2 Marek, 1991, Excitatory amino acid antagonists (kynurenic acid and MK-801) attenuate the development of morphine tolerance in the rat, Brain Res., 547, 77, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90576-H Marek, 1991, Delayed application of MK-801 attenuates development of morphine tolerance in rats, Brain Res., 558, 163, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90736-F Mayer, 1971, Analgesia from electrical stimulation in the brainstem of the rat, Science, 174, 1351, 10.1126/science.174.4016.1351 Mayer, 1993, The development of morphine tolerance is associated with increase in membrane-bound protein kinase C: prevention by GM1 ganglioside, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 19, 1796 Mayer, 1995, The development of morphine tolerance and dependence is associated with translocation of protein kinase C, Pain, 61, 365, 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00023-L Mestek, 1995, The human μ opioid receptor: modulation of functional desensitization by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C, J. Neurosci., 15, 2396, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-03-02396.1995 Olney, 1991, NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity: mechanism and prevention, Science, 254, 1515, 10.1126/science.1835799 Paronis, 1991, Increased analgesic potency of mu agonists after continuous naloxone infusion in rats, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 259, 582 Price, 1994, The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist dextromethorphan selectively reduces temporal summation of second pain in man, Pain, 59, 165, 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90069-8 Schmitt, 1994, Drug refractory epilepsy in brain damage: effect of dextromethorphan on EEG in four patients, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 57, 333, 10.1136/jnnp.57.3.333 Sparenborg, 1990, Prevention of somata neurotoxicity by non-opioid antitussives, Neurotoxicology, 11, 509 Steinberg, 1988, Dextromethorphan protects against cerebral injury following transient focal ischemia in rabbits, Stroke, 19, 1112, 10.1161/01.STR.19.9.1112 Tal, 1993, Dextrorphan relieves neuropathic heat-evoked hyperalgesia in the rat, Neurosci. Lett., 151, 107, 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90058-S Tanganelli, 1991, Glutamate antagonists prevent morphine withdrawal in mice and guinea pigs, Neurosci. Lett., 122, 270, 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90875-T Tiseo, 1993, Attenuation and reversal of morphine tolerance by the competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, LY274614, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 264, 1090 Tortella, 1989, Dextromethorphan and neuromodulation: old drug coughs up new activities, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 10, 501, 10.1016/0165-6147(89)90050-3 Trujillo, 1991, Inhibition of morphine tolerance and dependence by the NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801, Science, 251, 85, 10.1126/science.1824728 Wong, 1988, Dextrorphan and dextromethorphan, common antitussives, are antiepileptic and antagonize N-methyl-d-aspartate in brain slices, Neurosci. Lett., 85, 261, 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90362-X