Impact of communication training on physician expression of empathy in patient encounters

Colliver, 1998, Assessment of empathy in a standardized-patient examination, Teach Learn Med, 10, 8, 10.1207/S15328015TLM1001_2 Christenfeld, 2000, Social support and cardiovascular reactivity, Biomed Pharmacother, 54, 251, 10.1016/S0753-3322(00)80067-0 Bikker, 2005, A pilot prospective study on the consultation and relational empathy, patient enablement, and health changes over 12 months in patients going to the Glasgow Homoeopathic Hospital, J Altern Complement Med, 11, 591, 10.1089/acm.2005.11.591 Mercer, 2004, The consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure: development and preliminary validation and reliability of an empathy-based consultation process measure, Fam Pract, 21, 699, 10.1093/fampra/cmh621 Barry, 2000, Patients’ unvoiced agendas in general practice consultations: qualitative study, Br Med J, 320, 1246, 10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1246 Levinson, 2000, A study of patient clues and physician responses in primary care and surgical settings, J Am Med Assoc, 284, 1021, 10.1001/jama.284.8.1021 Makoul, 2001, Essential elements of communication in medical encounters: the Kalamazoo consensus statement, Acad Med, 76, 390, 10.1097/00001888-200104000-00021 Bird, 1990, The three-function model of the medical interview. An educational device, Adv Psychosom Med, 20, 65, 10.1159/000418260 Keller, 1994, A new model of physician–patient communication, Patient Educ Counsel, 23, 131, 10.1016/0738-3991(94)90051-5 Buyck, 2002, Teaching medical communication skills: a call for greater uniformity, Fam Med, 34, 337 Ptacek, 1996, Breaking bad news. A review of the literature, J Am Med Assoc, 276, 496, 10.1001/jama.276.6.496 Tulsky, 2005, Interventions to enhance communication among patients, providers, and families, J Palliat Med, 8, S95, 10.1089/jpm.2005.8.s-95 Hulsman, 1999, Teaching clinically experienced physicians communication skills. A review of evaluation studies, Med Educ, 33, 655, 10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00519.x Laidlaw T., et al. Evaluating the evaluators: communication skills assessment by experts, standardized patients and self-raters; 2004. Waitzkin, 1985, Information giving in medical care, J Health Soc Behav, 26, 81, 10.2307/2136599 Fallowfield, 2002, Efficacy of a Cancer Research UK communication skills training model for oncologists: a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 359, 650, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07810-8 Fallowfield, 2003, Enduring impact of communication skills training: results of a 12-month follow-up, Br J Cancer, 89, 1445, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601309 Pollak, 2007, Oncologist communication about emotion during visits with patients with advanced cancer, J Clin Oncol, 25, 5748, 10.1200/JCO.2007.12.4180 Institute of Medicine, 2003 Stewart, 1995, Effective physician–patient communication and health outcomes: a review, Can Med Assoc J, 152, 1423 Stewart, 2000, The impact of patient-centered care on outcomes, J Fam Pract, 49, 805 Larson, 2005, Clinical empathy as emotional labor in the patient–physician relationship, J Am Med Assoc, 293, 1100, 10.1001/jama.293.9.1100 Beck, 2002, Physician–patient communication in the primary care office: a systematic review, J Am Board Fam Pract, 15, 25 Beckman, 1984, The effect of physician behavior on the collection of data, Ann Int Med, 101, 692, 10.7326/0003-4819-101-5-692 Bendapudi, 2006, Patients’ perspectives on ideal physician behaviors, Mayo Clin Proc, 81, 338, 10.4065/81.3.338 Levinson, 1997, Physician–patient communication: The relationship with malpractice claims among primary care physicians and surgeons, J Am Med Assoc, 277, 553, 10.1001/jama.277.7.553 Cape, 2000, Patient-rated therapeutic relationship and outcome in general practitioner treatment of psychological problems, Br J Clin Psychol, 39, 383, 10.1348/014466500163383 Di Blasi, 2001, Influence of context effects on health outcomes: a systematic review, Lancet, 357, 757, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04169-6 Kim, 2004, The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance, Eval Health Prof, 27, 237, 10.1177/0163278704267037 Street, 2005, Patient participation in medical consultations: why some patients are more involved than others, Med Care, 43, 960, 10.1097/01.mlr.0000178172.40344.70 Mercer, 2002, Empathy and quality of care, Br J Gen Psychiatry, 52, S9 Branch, 1993, Using ‘windows of opportunities’ in brief interviews to understand patients’ concerns, J Am Med Assoc, 269, 1667, 10.1001/jama.269.13.1667 Bylund, 2002, Empathic communication and gender in the physician–patient encounter, Patient Educ Couns, 48, 207, 10.1016/S0738-3991(02)00173-8 Bylund, 2005, Examining empathy in medical encounters: an observational study using the empathic communication coding system, Health Commun, 18, 123, 10.1207/s15327027hc1802_2 Suchman, 1997, A model of empathic communication in the medical interview, J Am Med Assoc, 277, 678, 10.1001/jama.277.8.678 Butow, 2002, Oncologists’ reactions to cancer patients’ verbal cues, Psychooncology, 11, 47, 10.1002/pon.556 Easter, 2004, Competent patient care is dependent upon attending to empathic opportunities presented during interview sessions, Curr Surg, 61, 313, 10.1016/j.cursur.2003.12.006 Marvel, 1999, Soliciting the patient's agenda: have we improved?, J Am Med Assoc, 281, 283, 10.1001/jama.281.3.283 Haskard KB, et al. Physician and patient communication training in primary care: effects on participation and satisfaction health psychology, in press. Bonvicini KA. Physician empathy: impact of communication training on physician behavior and patient perceptions, in Dissertation Abstract International, B 68/08. University of Phoenix, School of Advanced Studies, 2007. Bylund C, Makoul G. Empathic communication coding system: audiotapes and transcripts, 2004. Miller WR, et al. Manual for the motivational interviewing skill code (MISC), 2003. Kemp-White M. Unpublished raw data. Bayer Institute for Health Care Communication and University of California Health Systems Collaborative Research Outcome Study; 2002. Miller, 2002 Kemp-White M. Unpublished raw data, Bayer Institute for Health Care Communication and University of California Health Systems Collaborative Research Outcome Study; 1999. Creswell, 2002 Freedman, 2001, Sample size and statistical power of randomised, controlled trials in orthopaedics, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 83, 397, 10.1302/0301-620X.83B3.10582 Aspegren, 1999, BEME Guide No. 2: Teaching and learning communication skills in medicine—a review with quality grading of articles, Med Teach, 21, 563, 10.1080/01421599978979 Levinson, 1993, The effects of two continuing medical education programs on communication skills of practicing primary care physicians, J Gen Intern Med, 8, 318, 10.1007/BF02600146 Rosenthal, 1991 Hojat, 2002, Physician empathy: definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty, Am J Psychiatry, 159, 1563, 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1563 Beckman, 1994, The doctor–patient relationships and malpractice: lessons from plaintiff depositions, Arch Intern Med, 154, 1365, 10.1001/archinte.154.12.1365 Liebman, 2004, A mediation skills model to manage disclosure of errors and adverse events to patients, Health Aff (Millwood), 23, 22, 10.1377/hlthaff.23.4.22