Water-energy nexus: A review of methods and tools for macro-assessment

Unicef. Annual Report 2012; 2013. IEA, 2012 Healy, 2015 Endo, 2017, A review of the current state of research on the water, energy, and food nexus, J Hydrol: Reg Stud, 11, 20 Hamiche, 2016, A review of the water-energy nexus, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 65, 319, 10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.020 Keairns, 2016, The energy-water-food nexus, Ann Rev Chem Biomol Eng, 7, 239, 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-033539 Endo, 2015, Methods of the water-energy-food nexus, Water, 7, 5806, 10.3390/w7105806 Dubreuil, 2013, Water modeling in an energy optimization framework–The water-scarce middle east context, Appl Energy, 101, 268, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.032 Hussey, 2012, The energy–water nexus: managing the links between energy and water for a sustainable future, Ecol Soc, 17, 31, 10.5751/ES-04641-170131 Howells, 2013, Integrated analysis of climate change, land-use, energy and water strategies, Nat Clim Change, 3, 621, 10.1038/nclimate1789 Kucukvar, 2016, Energy-climate-manufacturing nexus: new insights from the regional and global supply chains of manufacturing industries, Appl Energy, 184, 889, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.03.068 Bazilian, 2011, Considering the energy, water and food nexus: towards an integrated modelling approach, Energy Policy, 39, 7896, 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.039 Retamal M, Abeysuriya K, Turner A, White S. Water energy nexus: literature review. Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney; 2009. Grubert, 2015, Energy for water and water for energy on Maui Island, Hawaii, Environ Res Lett, 10, 064009, 10.1088/1748-9326/10/6/064009 Allwood J, Konadu D, Mourao Z, Lupton R, Richards K, Fenner R, et al.. Integrated land-water-energy assessment using the foreseer tool. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, vol. 18; 2016. p. 17130. Cohen, 2014, The water withdrawal footprint of energy supply to cities, J Ind Ecol, 18, 26, 10.1111/jiec.12086 Fahlund, 2014, Water in the west, Calif J Polit Policy, 1 Kenway, 2011, The connection between water and energy in cities: a review, Water Sci Technol, 63, 1983, 10.2166/wst.2011.070 Kenway S. The water-energy nexus and urban metabolism-connections in cities. Urban Water Security Research Alliance Technical Report; 2013. Marsh D, Sharma D. Water–energy nexus: a review of existing models. International Water Association (Australia) 1st Australian Young Water Professionals Conference; 2006. Nair, 2014, Water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus of urban water systems: review of concepts, state-of-art and methods, Resour Conserv Recycl, 89, 1, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.05.007 Granit, 2011, Strategic environmental assessment as a tool to develop power in transboundary water basin settings, Int J Soc Ecol Sustain Dev, 2, 1, 10.4018/jsesd.2011100101 Kling, 2016, Integrated assessment models of the food, energy, and water nexus: a review and an outline of research needs, Ann Rev Resour Econ, 9, 6 Weitz, 2017, Closing the governance gaps in the water-energy-food nexus: insights from integrative governance, Glob Environ Change, 45, 165, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.06.006 Daher, 2015, Water–energy–food (WEF) Nexus Tool 2.0: guiding integrative resource planning and decision-making, Water Int, 40, 1 Flammini A, Puri M, Pluschke L, Dubois O. Walking the nexus talk: assessing the water-energy-food nexus in the context of the sustainable energy for all initiative; 2014. IRENA. Renewable energy in the water, energy & food nexus; 2015. Deng, 2008, Growth, population and industrialization, and urban land expansion of China, J Urban Econ, 63, 96, 10.1016/j.jue.2006.12.006 Rozelle, 1997, Poverty, population and environmental degradation in China, Food Policy, 22, 229, 10.1016/S0306-9192(97)00011-0 Shen, 2005, Urbanization, sustainability and the utilization of energy and mineral resources in China, Cities, 22, 287, 10.1016/j.cities.2005.05.007 Peng, 2006, Economic growth and environmental pollution: an empirical test for the environmental kuznets curve Hypothesis in China, Res Financ Econ Issues, 8, 3 China New Urbanization State Plan (2014-2020); 2014. Wan, 2005, Changes of land use and landscape pattern in Taihu Lake Basin, J Appl Ecol, 16, 475 Pan, 2015, Impact of land use change on cultivated land productivity in Taihu Lake Basin, Secientia Geographica Sinica, 35, 990 Qin, 2007, Environmental issues of lake Taihu, China, Hydrobiologia, 581, 3, 10.1007/s10750-006-0521-5 Perrone, 2011, Gaining perspective on the water− energy nexus at the community scale, Environ Sci Technol, 45, 4228, 10.1021/es103230n Kenway, 2008 Silva, 2014, Climate change and the water-energy nexus: an urban challenge, J Water Clim Change, 5, 259, 10.2166/wcc.2013.082 Chirisa I, Bandauko E. African cities and the water-food-climate-energy nexus: an agenda for sustainability and resilience at a local level. Urban Forum: Springer, 2015. Lofman, 2002, Water, energy and environment nexus: the California experience, Int J Water Resour Dev, 18, 73, 10.1080/07900620220121666 Purkey. Integrated water-energy-emissions analysis: Applying LEAP and WEAP together in California. SEI Policy Brief; 2012. Yates, 2013, Integrated decision support for energy/water planning in California and the Southwest, Int J Clim Change: Impacts Responses, 4, 49 Marsh, 2008 Malik, 2002, Water-energy nexus in resource-poor economies: the Indian experience, Int J Water Resour Dev, 18, 47, 10.1080/07900620220121648 Scott, 2011, The water-energy-climate nexus: resources and policy outlook for aquifers in Mexico, Water Resour Res, 47, 1091, 10.1029/2011WR010805 Hardy, 2012, Evaluation of Spain's water-energy nexus, Int J Water Resour Dev, 28, 151, 10.1080/07900627.2012.642240 Hermann S, Rogner HH, Howells M, Young C, Fischer G, Welsch M. In the CLEW model–Developing an integrated tool for modelling the interrelated effects of climate, land use, energy, and water (CLEW). In: 6th Dubrovnik conference on sustainable development of energy, water and environment systems; 2011. Howells, 2014, Water-energy nexus: Assessing integrated systems, Nat Clim Change, 4, 246, 10.1038/nclimate2180 Mielke E, Anadon LD, Narayanamurti V. Water consumption of energy resource extraction, processing, and conversion. Energy Technology Innovation Policy; 2010. Siddiqi, 2013, Bridging decision networks for integrated water and energy planning, Energy Strategy Reviews, 2, 46, 10.1016/j.esr.2013.02.003 Villamayor-Tomas, 2015, The water-energy-food security nexus through the lenses of the value chain and the institutional analysis and development frameworks, Water Altern, 8, 735 Bach H, Bird J, Clausen TJ, Jensen KM, Lange RB, Taylor R, et al. Transboundary river basin management: addressing water, energy and food security. Mekong River Commission, Lao PDR; 2012. Keskinen, 2015, Water-Energy-Food Nexus in a transboundary river basin: the case of Tonle Sap Lake, Mekong River Basin, Water, 7, 5416, 10.3390/w7105416 Smajgl, 2013 Kibaroglu, 2015, Water–energy–food nexus in a transboundary context: the Euphrates-Tigris river basin as a case study, Water Int, 40, 824, 10.1080/02508060.2015.1078577 Jalilov, 2015, Sharing benefits in transboundary rivers: an experimental case study of central Asian water-energy-agriculture nexus, Water, 7, 4778, 10.3390/w7094778 Schnoor, 2011, Water–energy nexus, Environ Sci Technol, 45, 5065, 10.1021/es2016632 Dai, 2001, River basin network model for integrated water quantity/quality management, J Water Resour Plann Manage, 127, 295, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:5(295) Heaps, 2012 Spang, 2015, A high-resolution approach to mapping energy flows through water infrastructure systems, J Ind Ecol, 19, 656, 10.1111/jiec.12240 Duarte, 2002, Water use in the spanish economy: an input–output approach, Ecol Econ, 43, 71, 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00183-0 Fang, 2016, Linkage analysis for the water–energy nexus of city, Appl Energy, 189, 770, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.020 Wang, 2016, Energy–water nexus of urban agglomeration based on multiregional input–output tables and ecological network analysis: a case study of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Appl Energy, 178, 773, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.112 Zhang, 2015, Urban energy flow processes in the Beijing-Tianjin–Hebei (Jing–Jin–Ji) urban agglomeration: combining multi–regional input–output tables with ecological network analysis, J Clean Prod, 114, 243, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.093 Chen, 2015, Urban energy consumption: different insights from energy flow analysis, input–output analysis and ecological network analysis, Appl Energy, 138, 99, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.055 Yang, 2016, Ecological network analysis of embodied particulate matter 2.5 – a case study of Beijing, Appl Energy, 184, 882, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.087 Fath, 2007, The relevance of ecological pyramids in community assemblages, Ecol Model, 208, 286, 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.06.001 Zhuang, 2014 Makropoulos, 2008, Decision support for sustainable option selection in integrated urban water management, Environ Modell Software, 23, 1448, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.04.010 Rozos, 2012, Assessing the combined benefits of water recycling technologies by modelling the total urban water cycle, Urban Water J, 9, 1, 10.1080/1573062X.2011.630096 Rozos, 2013, Source to tap urban water cycle modelling, Environmental Modelling & Software, 41, 139, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.11.015 Papariantafyllou E, Makropoulos C. Developing roadmaps for the sustainable management of the urban water cycle: the case of ww reuse in Athens. In: 13th international conference of environmental science and technology; 2013. Baki, 2014, Tools for energy footprint assessment in urban water systems, Proc Eng, 89, 548, 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.477 Wu, 2011 Tidwell, 2011, Exploring the water-thermoelectric power nexus, J Water Resour Plann Manage, 138, 491, 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000222 Tidwell, 2015, The water-energy-environment nexus in the Great Lakes Region: the case for integrated resource planning, Energy Environ Res, 5, 1, 10.5539/eer.v5n2p1 Zhou, 2016, China’s energy-water nexus: spillover effects of energy and water policy, Glob Environ Change, 40, 92, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.07.003 Rutherford, 1999, Applied general equilibrium modeling with MPSGE as a GAMS subsystem: An overview of the modeling framework and syntax, Comput Econ, 14, 1, 10.1023/A:1008655831209 Fæhn, 2015, A shaft of light into the black box of CGE analyses of tax reforms, Econ Model, 49, 320, 10.1016/j.econmod.2015.05.003 Nanduri, 2013, A competitive Markov decision process model for the energy–water–climate change nexus, Appl Energy, 111, 186, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.033 Nanduri, 2011, A new water and carbon conscious electricity market model for the electricity-water-climate change nexus, Electricity J, 24, 64, 10.1016/j.tej.2011.09.021 Pereira-Cardenal, 2014, Assessing climate change impacts on the Iberian power system using a coupled water-power model, Clim Change, 126, 351, 10.1007/s10584-014-1221-1 Lubega WN, Farid AM. A meta-system architecture for the energy-water nexus. In: System of Systems Engineering (SoSE), 2013 8th International Conference on IEEE; 2013. Lubega WN, Farid AM. An engineering systems model for the quantitative analysis of the energy-water nexus. Complex Systems Design & Management. Springer; 2014. Lubega, 2014, Quantitative engineering systems modeling and analysis of the energy–water nexus, Appl Energy, 135, 142, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.101 Zhang, 2013, Life cycle water use of energy production and its environmental impacts in China, Environ Sci Technol, 47, 14459, 10.1021/es402556x Dale, 2014, The Regional Energy & Water Supply Scenarios (REWSS) model, Part I: Framework, procedure, and validation, Sustain Energy Technol Assess, 7, 227 Dale, 2014, The Regional Energy & Water Supply Scenarios (REWSS) Model, Part II: Case studies in Pennsylvania and Arizona, Sustain Energy Technol Assessm, 7, 237 Khan, 2017, Spatial and temporal synchronization of water and energy systems: towards a single integrated optimization model for long-term resource planning, Appl Energy Bouckaert, 2012, Analyzing water supply in future energy systems using the TIMES integrating assessment model (TIAM-FR), J Syst, Cybern Inform, 10, 89 Wolff GPE. User Manual: Water to Air Model; 2004. Cohen, 2005, The global burden of disease due to outdoor air pollution, J Toxicol Environ Health, Part A, 68, 1301, 10.1080/15287390590936166 Chiu, 2013, Considering water availability and wastewater resources in the development of algal bio-oil, Biofuels, Bioprod Biorefin, 7, 406, 10.1002/bbb.1397 Dale L, Millstein D, Karali N, Vicuna S, Purkey D, Heaps C, et al. Energy-water integrated assessment of the Sacramento area and a demonstration of WEAP-LEAP capability. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts; 2013. Karlberg, 2015, Tackling complexity: understanding the food-energy-environment nexus in Ethiopia's Lake Tana Sub-basin, Water Altern, 8, 710 Granit, 2012 Stokes, 2011, Life-cycle assessment of urban water provision: tool and case study in California, J Inf Syst, 17, 15 Stokes, 2013, Water loss control using pressure management: life-cycle energy and air emission effects, Environ Sci Technol, 47, 10771, 10.1021/es4006256 Li, 2016, China’s input-output efficiency of water-energy-food nexus based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, Sustainability, 8, 927, 10.3390/su8090927 Mbeche, 2014, Privatisation, empowerment and accountability: What are the policy implications for establishing effective farmer organisations?, Land Use Policy, 36, 285, 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.08.014 McGinnis, 2011, Networks of adjacent action situations in polycentric governance, Policy Stud J, 39, 51, 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00396.x McGinnis, 2014, Social-ecological system framework: initial changes and continuing challenges, Ecol Soc, 19, 30, 10.5751/ES-06387-190230 Raikes, 2000, Global commodity chain analysis and the French filière approach: comparison and critique, Econ Soc, 29, 390, 10.1080/03085140050084589 Zhang, 2017, Integrated modeling approach for optimal management of water, energy and food security nexus, Adv Water Resour, 101, 1, 10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.12.017 Dantzig, 1963 Rich PM, Weintraub LH, Ewers ME, Riggs TL, Wilson CJ. Decision support for water planning: the ZeroNet water-energy initiative. In: Proceedings of the 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress; 2005. Karabulut, 2015, Mapping water provisioning services to support the ecosystem–water–food–energy nexus in the Danube river basin, Ecosyst Serv, 17, 278, 10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.08.002 Auyang, 1999 Giampietro M, Aspinall RJ, Bukkens SGF, Benalcazar JC, Diaz-Maurin F, Flammini A, et al. An innovative accounting framework for the food-energy-water nexus: application of the MuSIASEM approach to three case studies; 2013. Arnold, 1998 Arnold, 2012, SWAT: model use, calibration, and validation, Trans ASABE, 55, 1491, 10.13031/2013.42256 Gassman PW, Reyes MR, Green CH, Arnold JG. The soil and water assessment tool: historical development, applications, and future research directions 2007;50(4):1211–50. Prochnow, 2008, Multi-scenario simulation analysis in prioritizing management options for an impacted watershed system, Ecohydrol Hydrobiol, 8, 3, 10.2478/v10104-009-0001-4 Schilling, 2008, Impact of land use and land cover change on the water balance of a large agricultural watershed: Historical effects and future directions, Water Resour Res, 44, 636, 10.1029/2007WR006644 Schuol, 2008, Modeling blue and green water availability in Africa, Water Resour Res, 44, 212, 10.1029/2007WR006609 Notter, 2012, Modelling water provision as an ecosystem service in a large East African river basin, Hydrol Earth Syst Sci, 16, 69, 10.5194/hess-16-69-2012 Pagliero, 2014, Large-scale hydrological simulations using the soil water assessment tool, protocol development, and application in the Danube Basin, J Environ Qual, 43, 145, 10.2134/jeq2011.0359 Walker, 2010 Walker, 2012, Water—and nutrient and energy—systems in urbanizing watersheds, Front Environ Sci Eng, 6, 596, 10.1007/s11783-012-0445-4 Walker, 2014, The energy-water-food nexus: Strategic analysis of technologies for transforming the urban metabolism, J Environ Manage, 141, 104, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.054 Brunner, 2004, Practical handbook of material flow analysis, Int J Life Cycle Assess, 9, 337, 10.1007/BF02979426 Osidele, 2003, Uncertainty evaluation of sediment loading and transport for the Chattahoochee River at Atlanta, Georgia, Proc Water Environ Fed, 748, 10.2175/193864703784829137 Osidele, 2003, Coping with uncertainty: a case study in sediment transport and nutrient load analysis, J Water Resour Plann Manage, 129, 345, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:4(345) Strasser, 2016, A Methodology to Assess the Water Energy Food Ecosystems Nexus in Transboundary River Basins, Water, 8, 1, 10.3390/w8020059 Weirich M. Global resource modelling of the climate, land, energy and Water (CLEWS) nexus using the open source energy modelling system (OSeMOSYS); 2013. Welsch, 2014, Incorporating flexibility requirements into long-term energy system models – a case study on high levels of renewable electricity penetration in Ireland, Appl Energy, 135, 600, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.072 Howells, 2011, OSeMOSYS: the open source energy modeling system: an introduction to its ethos, structure and development, Energy Policy, 39, 5850, 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.06.033 University of Cambridge. The Foreseer tool: Understanding the trade-offs between the services provided by water, energy and land resources in transboundary basins; 2013. Bajželj B, Fenner RA, Curmi E, Richards KS. Teaching sustainable resource management using an interactive research tool; 2015. Konadu, 2015, Land use implications of future energy system trajectories—the case of the UK 2050 Carbon Plan, Energy Policy, 86, 328, 10.1016/j.enpol.2015.07.008 Mukuve, 2015, Scale variability of water, land, and energy resource interactions and their influence on the food system in Uganda, Sustain Prod Consumption, 2, 79, 10.1016/j.spc.2015.07.009 Liu, 2015, Water demands for electricity generation in the US: Modeling different scenarios for the water–energy nexus, Technol Forecast Soc Chang, 94, 318, 10.1016/j.techfore.2014.11.004 Brenkert, 2003 Kim, 2006, The ObjECTS framework for integrated assessment: hybrid modeling of transportation, Energy J, 27, 63 Hibbard, 2013, The regional nature of global challenges: a need and strategy for integrated regional modeling, Clim Change, 118, 565, 10.1007/s10584-012-0674-3 Kraucunas, 2014, Investigating the nexus of climate, energy, water, and land at decision-relevant scales: the Platform for Regional Integrated Modeling and Analysis (PRIMA), Clim Change, 129, 573, 10.1007/s10584-014-1064-9 Gorton, 2012, Velo: a knowledge-management framework for modeling and simulation, Comput Sci Eng, 14, 12, 10.1109/MCSE.2011.116 van Dam KK, Lansing C, Elsethagen T, Hathaway J, Guillen Z, Dirks J, et al. Nationwide buildings energy research enabled through an integrated data intensive. Building simulation. Springer; 2014.