Mechanisms of acid resistance due to the urease system of Helicobacter pylori

Teyssen, 1995, Effect of repeated boluses of intravenous omeprazole and primed infusions of ranitidine on 24-hour intragastric pH in healthy human subjects, Dig Dis Sci, 40, 247, 10.1007/BF02065405 Lee, 1988, Isolation of a spiral-shaped bacterium from the cat stomach, Infect Immun, 56, 2843, 10.1128/IAI.56.11.2843-2850.1988 Fox, 1991, Gastric colonization of the ferret with Helicobacter species: natural and experimental infections, Rev Infect Dis, 13, S671, 10.1093/clinids/13.Supplement_8.S671 Young, 1996, A bifunctional urease enhances survival of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica and Morganella morganii at low pH, J Bacteriol, 178, 6487, 10.1128/jb.178.22.6487-6495.1996 Andrutis, 1995, Inability of an isogenic urease-negative mutant stain of Helicobacter mustelae to colonize the ferret stomach, Infect Immun, 63, 3722, 10.1128/IAI.63.9.3722-3725.1995 Eaton, 1994, Effect of gastric pH on urease-dependent colonization of gnotobiotic piglets by Helicobacter pylori, Infect Immun, 62, 3604, 10.1128/IAI.62.9.3604-3607.1994 Tsuda, 1994, A urease-negative mutant of Helicobacter pylori constructed by allelic exchange mutagenesis lacks the ability to colonize the nude mouse stomach, Infect Immun, 62, 3586, 10.1128/IAI.62.8.3586-3589.1994 Hawtin, 1990, Investigation of the structure and localization of the urease of Helicobacter pylori using monoclonal antibodies, J Gen Microbiol, 136, 1995, 10.1099/00221287-136-10-1995 Phadnis, 1995, Surface localization of H. pylori urease and Hp54K requires bacterial lysis (abstr), Gut, 37, A19 Phadnis, 1996, Surface localization of Helicobacter pylori urease and a heat shock protein homolog requires bacterial autolysis, Infect Immun, 64, 905, 10.1128/IAI.64.3.905-912.1996 Vanet, 1998, Evidence for specific secretion rather than autolysis in the release of some Helicobacter pylori proteins, Infect Immun, 66, 1023, 10.1128/IAI.66.3.1023-1027.1998 Marcus, 2001, Cell lysis is responsible for the appearance of extracellular urease in Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter, 6, 93, 10.1046/j.1523-5378.2001.00014.x Scott, 1998, The role of internal urease in acid resistance of Helicobacter pylori, Gastroenterology, 114, 58, 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70633-X Ha, 2001, Supramolecular assembly and acid resistance of Helicobacter pylori urease, Nat Struct Biol, 8, 505, 10.1038/88563 Sachs, 2001, The importance of the surface urease of Helicobacter pylori: fact or fiction?, Trends Microbiol, 9, 532, 10.1016/S0966-842X(01)02226-0 Scott, 2000, Expression of the Helicobacter pylori ureI gene is required for acidic pH activation of cytoplasmic urease, Infect Immun, 68, 470, 10.1128/IAI.68.2.470-477.2000 Athmann, 2000, Local pH elevation mediated by the intrabacterial urease of Helicobacter pylori co-cultured with gastric cells, J Clin Invest, 106, 339, 10.1172/JCI9351 Rektorschek, 1998, Influence of pH on metabolism and urease activity of Helicobacter pylori, Gastroenterology, 155, 628, 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70142-8 Weeks, 2000, A H+-gated urea channel: the link between Helicobacter pylori urease and gastric colonization, Science, 287, 482, 10.1126/science.287.5452.482 Skouloubris, 1998, The Helicobacter pylori UreI protein is not involved in urease activity but is essential for bacterial survival in vivo, Infect Immun, 66, 4517, 10.1128/IAI.66.9.4517-4521.1998 Hanauer, 2001, ureI-encoded urea channel of Helicobacter pylori is essential for both gastric colonization of and persistence in gerbils (abstr), Gastroenterology, 125, A55, 10.1016/S0016-5085(08)80272-7 Akada, 2000, Identification of the urease operon in Helicobacter pylori and its control by mRNA decay in response to pH, Mol Microbiol, 36, 1071, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01918.x van Vliet, 2001, Nickel-responsive induction of urease expression in Helicobacter pylori is mediated at the transcriptional level, Infect Immun, 69, 4891, 10.1128/IAI.69.8.4891-4897.2001 Perez-Perez, 1992, Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori variants selected for urease deficiency, Infect Immun, 60, 3658, 10.1128/IAI.60.9.3658-3663.1992 McDonald, 1972, Urease, a specific and sensitive radiometric assay, Enzymologia, 42, 1 Lowry, 1952, Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent, J Biol Chem, 193, 265, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6 Towbin, 1979, Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 76, 4350, 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4350 Dunn, 1990, Purification and characterization of urease from Helicobacter pylori, J Biol Chem, 265, 9464, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)38872-6 Lee, 1993, Purification and characterization of Klebsiella aerogenes UreE protein: a nickel-binding protein that functions in urease metallocenter assembly, Protein Sci, 2, 1042, 10.1002/pro.5560020617 Marshall, 1990, Urea protects Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori from the bactericidal effect of acid, Gastroenterology, 99, 697, 10.1016/0016-5085(90)90957-3 Ferrero, 1991, The importance of urease in acid protection for the gastric-colonizing bacteria Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter felis sp. nov, Microb Ecol Health Dis, 4, 121, 10.3109/08910609109140133 Solnick, 1995, Construction and characterization of an isogenic urease-negative mutant of Helicobacter mustelae, Infect Immun, 63, 3718, 10.1128/IAI.63.9.3718-3721.1995 Krishnamurthy, 1998, Helicobacter pylori containing only cytoplasmic urease is susceptible to acid, Infect Immun, 66, 5050, 10.1128/IAI.66.11.5060-5066.1998 Bode, 1993, Ultrastructural localization of urease of Helicobacter pylori, Med Microbiol Immunol, 182, 233, 10.1007/BF00579622 Dunn, 1997, Localization of Helicobacter pylori urease and heat shock protein in human gastric biopsies, Infect Immun, 65, 1181, 10.1128/IAI.65.4.1181-1188.1997 McLean, 1985, Cytochemical localization of urease in a rumen Staphylococcus sp. by electron microscopy, Appl Environ Microbiol, 49, 253, 10.1128/AEM.49.1.253-255.1985 McLean, 1986, Histochemical and biochemical urease localization in the periplasm and outer membrane of two Proteus mirabilis strains, Can J Microbiol, 32, 772, 10.1139/m86-142 Mulrooney, 1989, Regulation of gene expression and cellular localization of cloned Klebsiella aerogenes (K. pneumoniae) urease, J Gen Microbiol, 135, 1769 Weeks, 2001, Sites of pH regulation of the urea channel of Helicobacter pylori, Mol Microbiol, 40, 1249, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02466.x