Xerochrysium gen. nov. and Bettsia, genera encompassing xerophilic species of Chrysosporium
Tóm tắt
On the basis of a study of ITS sequences, Vidal et al. (Rev. Iber. Micol. 17: 22, 2000) recommended that the genus Chrysosporium be restricted to species belonging to Onygenales. Using nrLSU genes, we studied the majority of clades examined by Vidal et al. and showed that currently accepted species in Chrysosporium phylogenetically belong in six clades in three orders. Surprisingly, the xerophilic species of Chrysosporium, long thought to be a single grouping away from the majority of Chrysosporium species, occupy two clades, one in Leotiales, the other in Eurotiales. Species accepted in Leotiales are related to the sexual genus Bettsia. One is the type species B. alvei, and related asexual strains classified as C. farinicola, the second is C. fastidium transferred to Bettsia as B. fastidia. Species in the Eurotiales are transferred to Xerochrysium gen. nov., where the accepted species are X. xerophilum and X. dermatitidis, the correct name for C. inops on transfer to Xerochrysium. All accepted species are extreme xerophiles, found in dried and concentrated foods.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Agostini A (1930) Glenosporella dermatitidis n. sp. causa di dermatomicosi umana. Atti dell’Istituto Botanico della Università e Laboratorio Crittogamico di Pavia 2: 93–101.
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215: 403–410.
Barron GW (1968) The Genera of Hyphomycetes from Soil. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
Boekhout T, van Oorschot CAN, Stalpers JA, Batenberg-van de Vegte WH, Weijman ACM (1989) The taxonomic position of Chrysosporium xerophilum and septal morphology in Chrysosporium, Sporotrichum and Disporotrichum. Studies in Mycology 31: 29–39.
Carmichael, JW (1962) Chrysosporium and some other aleuriosporic Hyphomycetes. Canadian Journal of Botany 40: 1137–1173.
de Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gené J, Figueras MJ (2000) Atlas of Clinical Fungi. 2nd edn. Utrecht: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
Drummond AJ, Ashton B, Buxton S, Cheung M, Cooper A, Heled J, Kearse M, Moir R, Stones-Havas S, Sturrock S, Thierer T, Wilson A (2010) Geneious v5.3. Available from https://doi.org/www.geneious.com.
Hocking AD, Pitt JI (1981) Trichosporonoides nigrescens sp. nov., a new xerophilic yeast-like fungus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 47: 411–421.
Hocking AD, Pitt JI (1988) Two new species of xerophilic fungi and a further record of Eurotium halophilicum. Mycologia 80: 82–88.
Kinderlerer JL (1995) Czapek Casein 50 % Glucose (CZC50G): a new medium for the identification of foodborne Chrysosporium spp. Letters in Applied Microbiology 21: 131–136.
Katoh K, Misawa K, Kuma K, Miyata T (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transformation. Nucleic Acids Research 30: 3059–3066.
Leong SL, Vinnere Pettersson O, Rice T, Hocking AD, Schnürer J (2011) The extreme xerophilic mould Xeromyces bisporus — growth and competition at various water activities. International Journal of Food Microbiology 145: 57–63.
Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SH (2010) Myconet Volume 14. Fieldiana, Life and Earth Sciences 1: 1–64.
McNeill J, Barrie FR, Buck RW, Demoulin V, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Marhold K, Prado J, Prud’homme van Reine WF, Smith GF, Weirsema JH, Turland NJ (2012) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. [Regnum Vegetabile no. 154.] Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books.
Nylander JAA (2004) MRMODELTEST v2. Uppsala: Evolutionary Biology Centre. Program distributed by the author.
Padamsee M, Kumar TKA, Riley R, Binder M, Boyd A, Calvo AM, Furukawa K, Hesse C, Hohmann S, James TY, LaButti K, Lapidus A, Lindquist E, Lucas S, Miller K, Shantappa S, Grigoriev IV, Hibbett DS, McLaughlin DJ, Spatafora JW, Aime MC (2012) The genome of the xerotolerant mold Wallemia sebi reveals adaptations to osmotic stress and suggests cryptic sexual reproduction. Fungal Genetics and Biology 49: 217–226.
Pettersson OV, Leong SL, Lantz H, Rice T, Dijksterhuis J, Houbraken J, Samson RA, Schnürer J (2011) Phylogeny and intraspecific variation of the extreme xerophile, Xeromyces bisporus. Fungal Biology 115: 1100–1111.
Pitt JI (1966) Two new species of Chrysosporium. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 49: 467–470.
Pitt, JI (1973) An appraisal of identification methods for Penicillium species: novel taxonomic criteria based on temperature and water relations. Mycologia 65: 1135–1157.
Pitt JI (1975) Xerophilic fungi and the spoilage of foods of plant origin. In: Water Relations of Foods (RB Duckworth, ed.): 273–307. London: Academic Press.
Pitt JI, Christian JHB (1968) Water relations of xerophilic fungi isolated from prunes. Applied Microbiology 16: 1853–1858.
Pitt JI, Hocking AD (2009) Fungi and Food Spoilage. 3rd edn. New York: Springer.
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.
Skou JP (1972) Ascosphaeriales. Freisia 10: 1–24.
Skou JP (1975) Two new species of Ascosphaera and notes on the conidial state of Bettsia alvei. Freisia 11: 62–74.
Skou JP (1992) A series of xerophilic Chrysosporium species. Mycotaxon 43: 237–259.
Stalpers JA (1980) A revision of the genus Sporotrichum. Studies in Mycology 24: 1–100.
van Oorschot CAN (1980) A revision of Chrysosporium and allied genera. Studies in Mycology 20: 1–89.
Vidal P, Vinuesa MDLA, Sánchez-Puelles JM, Guarro J (2000) Phylogeny of the anamorphic genus Chrysosporium and related taxa based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia 17: 22–29.
Vilgalys R, Hester M (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246.
Zalar P, de Hoog GS, Schroers HJ, Frank JM, Gunde-Cimerman N (2005) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the xerophilic genus Wallemia (Wallemiomycetes and Wallemiales, cl. et ord. nov.). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 87: 311–328.