Carbothermal reduction synthesis of nanocrystalline zirconium carbide and hafnium carbide powders using solution-derived precursors
Tóm tắt
Zirconium carbide (ZrC) and hafnium carbide (HfC) powders were produced by the carbothermal reduction reaction of carbon and the corresponding metal oxide (ZrO2 and HfO2, respectively). Solution-based processing was used to achieve a fine-scale (i.e., nanometer-level) mixing of the reactants. The reactions were substantially completed at relatively low temperatures (<1500°C) and the resulting products had small average crystallite sizes (∼50–130 nm). However, these products contained some dissolved oxygen in the metal carbide lattice and higher temperatures were required to complete the carbothermal reduction reactions. Dry-pressed compacts prepared using ZrC-based powders with ∼100 nm crystallite size could be pressurelessly sintered to ∼99% relative density at 1950°C.
Tài liệu tham khảo
L. E. TOTH, “Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides” (Academic Press, New York, 1971).
A. J. PERRY, Powder Metall. Int. 19(2) (1987) 29.
K. UPADHYA, J.-M. YAN and W. P. HOFFMAN, Bull. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 76 (1997) 51.
R. W. NEWMAN, Johns Hopkins APL Techn. Dig. 14(1) (1993) 24.
M. M. OPEKA, I. G. TALMY, E. J. WUCHINA, J. A. ZAYKOSI and S. J. CAUSEY, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 19 (1999) 2405.
F. M. CHARBONNIER, W. A. MACKIE, R. L. HARTMAN and TIANBAO XIE, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 19 (2001) 1064.
B. V. COCKERAM, D. P. MEASURES and A. J. MEULLER, Thin Solid Films 355–356 (1999) 17.
K. MINATO, T. OGAWA, K. SAWA, A. ISHIKAWA, T. TOMITA, S. IIDA and H. SEKINO, Nucl. Technol. 130 (1999) 272.
V. I. ZHELANKIN, V. S. KUTSEV and B. F. ORMONT, Zh. Neorg. Khim. 3(5) (1958) 1237.
S. K. SARKAR, A. D. MILLER and J. I. MUELLER, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 55(1) (1972) 628.
C. E. CURTIS, L. M. DONEY and J. R. JOHNSON, ibid. 37(10) (1954) 458.
P. G. COTTER and J. A. KOHN, ibid. 37(9) (1954) 415.
R. V. SARA, Trans. AIME 223 (1965) 1683.
E. L. SHAM, E. M. FARFAN-TORRES, S. BRUQUEGAMEZ and J. J. RODRIGUEZ-JIMENEZ, Solid State Ion. 63–65 (1993) 45.
H. PREISS, E. SCHIERHORN and K. W. BRZEZINKA, J. Mater. Sci. 33 (1998) 4697.
I. HASEGAWA, Y. FUKUDA and M. KAJIWARA, Ceram. Intern. 25 (1999) 523.
Z. HU, M. D. SACKS, G. A. STAAB, C.-A. WANG and A. JAIN, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 23(4) (2002) 711.
Y. KUROKAWA, S. KOBAYASHI, M. SUZUKI, M. SHIMAZAKI and M. TAKAHASHI, J. Mater. Res. 13(3) (1998) 760.
B. D. CULLITY, “Elements of X-ray Diffraction” (Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA, 1967).
D. C. BRADLEY, R. C. MEHROHTRA and W. WARDLAW, J. Chem. Soc. (London) (1953) 1634.
C. D. GAGLIARDI and K. A. BERGLUND, in “Processing Science of Advanced Ceramics”, edited by I. A. Aksay, G. L. McVay and D. R. Ulrich (Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Mater. Res. Soc., Pittsburgh, PA, 1989) Vol. 155, p. 127.
K. CONSTANT, R. KIEFFER and P. ETTMAYER, Monatshefte fur Chemie 106 (1975) 823.
A. OUENSANGA, A. PIALOUX and M. DODE, Rev. Int. Hautes Temp. Refract. 11 (1974) 289.
A. MAITRE and P. LEFORT, Solid State Ionics 104 (1997) 109.
V. P. BULYCHEV, R. A. ANDRIEVSKII and L. B. NEZHEVENKO, Poroshkovaya Metallurgia 172(4) (1977) 38.
L. B. NEZHEVENKO, I. I. SPIVAK, P. V. GERASIMOV, B. D. GUREVICH and V. N. RYSTSOV, ibid. 212(8) (1980) 23.
A. G. LANIN, E. V. MARCHEV and S. A. PRITCHIN, Ceram. Intern. 17 (1991) 310.
P. BARNIER, C. BRODHAD and F. THEVENOT, J. Mater. Sci. 21 (1986) 2547.
C. T. LYNCH, K. S. MAZDIYASNI, J. S. SMITH and W. J. CRAWFORD, Anal. Chem. 36(12) (1964) 2332.
R. C. FAY and T. J. PINNAVAIA, Inorg. Chem. 7(3) (1968) 508.
B. ALLARD, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 38 (1976) 2109.
Powder Diffraction File Card No. 08-0342 (tetragonal hafnium oxide, HfO2), JCPDS—International Centre for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA.
Powder Diffraction File Card No. 21-0904 (orthorhombic hafnium oxide, HfO2), JCPDS—International Centre for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA.
G. BOCQUILLON, C. SUSSE and B. VODAR, Rev. Int. Hautes Temp. Refract. 5 (1968) 247.
O. OHTAKA, T. YAMANAK and S. KUME, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 99 (1991) 826.
Powder Diffraction File Card No. 39-1491 (cubic hafnium carbide, HfC), JCPDS—International Centre for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA.
K. CONSTANT, R. KIEFFER and P. ETTMAYER, Monatshefte fur Chemie 106 (1975) 973.