Advanced methods of plant disease detection. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development - Tập 35 - Trang 1-25 - 2014
Federico Martinelli1,2, Riccardo Scalenghe1, Salvatore Davino1,2, Stefano Panno2, Giuseppe Scuderi2,3, Paolo Ruisi1, Paolo Villa4, Daniela Stroppiana4, Mirco Boschetti4, Luiz R. Goulart5, Cristina E. Davis6, Abhaya M. Dandekar7
1Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
2I.E.ME.S.T. Istituto Euro Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy
3Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
4Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council (IREA-CNR), Milano, Italy
5Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
6Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Davis, USA
7Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA

Tóm tắt

Plant diseases are responsible for major economic losses in the agricultural industry worldwide. Monitoring plant health and detecting pathogen early are essential to reduce disease spread and facilitate effective management practices. DNA-based and serological methods now provide essential tools for accurate plant disease diagnosis, in addition to the traditional visual scouting for symptoms. Although DNA-based and serological methods have revolutionized plant disease detection, they are not very reliable at asymptomatic stage, especially in case of pathogen with systemic diffusion. They need at least 1–2 days for sample harvest, processing, and analysis. Here, we describe modern methods based on nucleic acid and protein analysis. Then, we review innovative approaches currently under development. Our main findings are the following: (1) novel sensors based on the analysis of host responses, e.g., differential mobility spectrometer and lateral flow devices, deliver instantaneous results and can effectively detect early infections directly in the field; (2) biosensors based on phage display and biophotonics can also detect instantaneously infections although they can be integrated with other systems; and (3) remote sensing techniques coupled with spectroscopy-based methods allow high spatialization of results, these techniques may be very useful as a rapid preliminary identification of primary infections. We explain how these tools will help plant disease management and complement serological and DNA-based methods. While serological and PCR-based methods are the most available and effective to confirm disease diagnosis, volatile and biophotonic sensors provide instantaneous results and may be used to identify infections at asymptomatic stages. Remote sensing technologies will be extremely helpful to greatly spatialize diagnostic results. These innovative techniques represent unprecedented tools to render agriculture more sustainable and safe, avoiding expensive use of pesticides in crop protection.

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