Two's company? Solitary vixens’ motivations for seeking social contact

Akre, 2010, Do different competition strategies affect social preference and behaviour in silver fox vixens (Vulpes vulpes)?, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 126, 59, 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.05.007 Akre, 2010, The effects of resource distribution on behaviour in pair housed silver fox vixens (Vulpes vulpes) subsequent to mixing, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 126, 67, 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.05.004 Bakken, 1993, The relationship between competition capacity and reproduction in farmed silver fox vixens, J. Anim. Breed. Genet., 110, 147, 10.1111/j.1439-0388.1993.tb00726.x Baker, 2000, Flexible spatial organisation of urban foxes, Vulpes vulpes, before and during an outbreak of sarcoptic mange, Anim. Behav., 59, 127, 10.1006/anbe.1999.1285 Bekoff, 1981, Fighting patterns in young coyotes: initiation, escalation, and assessment, Aggressive Behav., 7, 225, 10.1002/1098-2337(1981)7:3<225::AID-AB2480070306>3.0.CO;2-I Brøste, H.W., 2010. Effects of different cage environments on social behaviour and some behavioural welfare indicators in adult pair housed silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) vixens in autumn. MSc Thesis. Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB). Cavallini, 1996, Variation in the social system of the red fox, Ethol. Ecol. Evol., 8, 323, 10.1080/08927014.1996.9522906 Feh, 2003, Grooming at a preferred site reduces heart rate in horses, Anim. Behav., 46, 1191, 10.1006/anbe.1993.1309 Hansen, C., 2007. Effects of solitary versus pair housing and different cage environment on some behavioural welfare indicators in young silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) vixens. MSc Thesis. Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB). Harris, 1992, Is reduced affiliative rather than increased agonistic behaviour associated with dispersal in red fox?, Anim. Behav., 44, 1085, 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80320-3 Holm, 2002, Calves’ motivation for access to two different types of social contact measured by operant conditioning, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 79, 175, 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00137-5 Hovland, A.L., 2005. Development and evaluation of an operant method to measure social motivation in farmed silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Dr. Scient. Thesis 2005:14. Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB). ISBN: 82-575-0656-7. Hovland, 2007, Responses of farmed silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to excessive food availability: implications for using food as a yardstick resource in motivation tests, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 108, 170, 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.10.012 Hovland, 2008, The nature and strength of social motivations in farmed silver fox vixens (Vulpes vulpes), Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 111, 357, 10.1016/j.applanim.2007.06.015 Hovland, 2010, Group housing of adult silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) vixens in autumn: agonistic behaviour during the first days subsequent to mixing, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 126, 154, 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.06.010 Hovland, 2006, Evaluation of the ‘maximum price paid’ as an index of motivational strength for farmed silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes), Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 100, 258, 10.1016/j.applanim.2005.11.006 Hovland, 2010, Group housing of adult silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) vixens during autumn and its consequences for body weight, injuries and later reproduction: a field study, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 127, 130, 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.09.009 Iossa, 2009, Behavioral changes associated with a population density decline in the facultatively social red fox, Behav. Ecol., 20, 385, 10.1093/beheco/arn149 Jensen, 2008, Using motivation tests to assess ethological needs and preferences, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 113, 340, 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.02.001 Kirkden, 2003, A theoretical comparison of the consumer surplus and the elasticities of demand as measures of motivational strength, Anim. Behav., 65, 157, 10.1006/anbe.2002.2035 Kirkden, 2006, Using preference, motivation and aversion tests to ask scientific questions about animals feelings, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 100, 29, 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.04.009 Langbein, 2004, Analysing dominance relationships by sociometric methods—a plea for a more standardised and precise approach in farm animals, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 87, 293, 10.1016/j.applanim.2004.01.007 Macdonald, 2004, Canid society Mason, 2001, Frustrations of fur-farmed mink, Nature, 410, 35, 10.1038/35065157 May, 2009, Aggression as positive reinforcement in mice under various ratio-and time-based reinforcement schedules, J. Exp. Anal. Behav., 91, 185, 10.1901/jeab.2009.91-185 Oliveira, 2010, Play behaviour in nonhuman animals and the animal welfare issue, J. Ethol., 28, 1, 10.1007/s10164-009-0167-7 Patterson-Kane, 2002, Rats demand social contact, Anim. Welf., 11, 327, 10.1017/S0962728600024908 Pedersen, 2002, Social isolation affects the motivation to work for food and straw in pigs as measured by operant conditioning techniques, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 77, 295, 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00066-7 SAS, 1990 Seaman, 2008, Animal economics: assessing the motivation of female laboratory rabbits to reach a platform, social contact and food, Anim. Behav., 75, 31, 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.09.031 Shoji, 2011, Aging-related changes in the effects of social isolation on social behavior in rats, Physiol. Behav., 102, 58, 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.10.001 Spinka, 2001, Mammalian play: training for the unexpected Q, Rev. Biol., 76, 141, 10.1086/393866 Trezza, 2009, Conditioned place preference induced by social play behavior: parametrics, extinction, reinstatement and disruption by methylphenidate, Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 19, 659, 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.03.006 Van Loo, 2004, Preference for social contact versus environmental enrichment in male laboratory mice, Lab. Anim., 38, 178, 10.1258/002367704322968867 White, 1994, Encounters between red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): implications for territory maintenance, social cohesion and dispersal, J. Anim. Ecol., 63, 315, 10.2307/5550