Internet Addiction and Delay Discounting in College Students

The Psychological Record - Tập 60 - Trang 273-286 - 2017
Bryan K. Saville1, Amanda Gisbert1, Jason Kopp1, Carolyn Telesco1
1Department of Psychology, MSC 7704, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, USA

Tóm tắt

To examine the relation between Internet addiction and delay discounting, we gave 276 college students a survey designed to measure Internet addiction and a paper-based delay-discounting task. In edour larger sample, we identified 14 students who met the criteria for Internet addiction; we also identified 14 matched controls who were similar to the Internet-addicted students in terms of gender, age, and grade point average. We then compared the extent to which these groups discounted delayed rewards. We found that Internet addicts discounted delayed rewards faster than non-Internet addicts. These results suggest that Internet addicts may be more impulsive than non-Internet addicts and that Internet addiction may share behavioral characteristics with other types of addiction.

Tài liệu tham khảo

ACTON, G. S. (2003). Measurement of impulsivity in a hierarchical model of personality traits: Implications for substance use. Substance Use & Misuse, 38, 67–83. AINSLIE, G. (1975). Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 463–496. BICKEL, W. K., & MARSCH, L. A. (2001). Toward a behavioral economic understanding of drug dependence: Delay discounting processes. Addiction, 96, 73–86. BICKEL, W. K., ODUM, A. L., & MADDEN, G. J. (1999). Impulsivity and cigarette smoking: Delay discounting in current, never, and ex-smokers. Psychopharmacology, 146, 447–454. BLOCK, J. J. (2008). Issues for Dsm-V: Internet addiction. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 306–307. CAO, F., SU, L., LIU, T., & GAO, X. (2007). The relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction in a sample of Chinese adolescents. European Psychiatry, 22, 466–471. CRITCHFIELD, T. S., & KOLLINS, S. H. (2001). Temporal discounting: Basic research and the analysis of socially important behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34, 101–122. DAVIS, S. F., SMITH, B., RODRIGUE, K., & PULVERS, K. (1999). An examination of Internet usage on two college campuses. College Student Journal, 33, 257–260. DIXON, M. R., JACOBS, E. A., & SANDERS, S. (2006). Contextual control of delay discounting by pathological gamblers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39, 413–422. DIXON, M. R., MARLEY, J., & JACOBS, E. A. (2003). Delay discounting by pathological gamblers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 449–458. FELLOWS, D. (2008). Search engine use. Retrieved October 29, 2008, from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/Pip_Search_Aug08.pdf FITZPATRICK, J. J. (2008). Internet addiction: Recognition and interventions. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 22, 59–60. GOLDSMITH, T. D., & SHAPIRA, N. A. (2006). Problematic Internet use. In E. Hollander & D. J. Stein (Eds.), Clinical manual of impulse-control disorders (pp. 291–308). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. GREEN, L., & MYERSON, J. (2004). A discounting framework for choice with delayed and probabilistic rewards. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 769–792. GRIFFITHS, M. (1990). The cognitive psychology of gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6, 31–42. HOLT, D. D., GREEN, L., & MYERSON, J. (2003). Is discounting impulsive? Evidence from temporal and probability discounting in gambling and non-gambling college students. Behavioural Processes, 64, 355–367. IACONO, W. G., MALONE, S. M., & MCGUE, M. (2008). Behavioral disinhibition and the development of early-onset addiction: Common and specific influences. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 325–348. JOHNSON, M. W., & BICKEL, W. K. (2008). An algorithm for identifying nonsystematic delay-discounting data. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 16, 264–274. KEEPERS, G. A. (1990). Pathological preoccupation with video games. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 49–50. KIM, E. J., NAMKOONG, K., KU, T., & KIM, S. J. (2008). The relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits. European Psychiatry, 23, 212–218. LAWYER, S. R. (2008). Probability and delay discounting of erotic stimuli. Behavioural Processes, 79, 36–42. LESIEUR, H. R., & BLUME, S. B. (1993). Pathological gambling, eating disorders, and the psychoactive substance use disorders. Comorbidity of Addictive and Psychiatric Disorders, 9, 89–102. LOGUE, A. W. (1988). Research on self-control: An integrating framework. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 665–679. MADDEN, G. J., PETRY, N. M., BADGER, G. J., & BICKEL, W. K. (1997). Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug- using control participants: Drug and monetary rewards. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 5, 256–262. MAZUR, J. E. (1987). An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement. In M. L. Commons, J. E. Mazur, J. A. Nevin, & H. Rachlin (Eds.), Quantitative analyses of behavior: Vol. 5. The effect of delay and of intervening events on reinforcement value (pp. 55–73). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. MISCHEL, W., & EBBESON, E. B. (1970). Attention in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 239–337. MITCHELL, S. H. (1999). Measures of impulsivity in cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Psychopharmacology, 146, 455–464. MONTEROSSO, J., & AINSLIE, G. (2007). The behavioral economics of will in recovery from addiction. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90 (Suppl.), 100–111. MYERSON, J., GREEN, L., & WARUSAWITHARANA, M. (2001). Area under the curve as a measure of discounting. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 76, 235–243. OLMSTEAD, M. C. (2006). Animal models of drug addiction: Where do we go from here? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 625–653. RACHLIN, H. (1990). Why do people gamble and keep gambling despite heavy losses? Psychological Science, 1, 294–297. RACHLIN, H. (2000). The science of self-control. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. RACHLIN, H., RAINERI, A., & CROSS, D. (1991). Subjective probability and delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 55, 233–244. SHAW, M., & BLACK, D. W. (2008). Internet addiction: Definition, assessment, epidemiology, and clinical management. Cnsdrugs, 22, 353–365. SHOTTON, M. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency. Basingstoke, UK: Taylor & Francis. SHOTTON, M. (1991). The costs and benefits of “computer addiction.” Behavior and Information Technology, 10, 219–230. SKINNER, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: The Free Press. TREUER, T., FABIAN, Z., & FUREDI, J. (2001). Internet addiction associated with features of impulse control disorder: Is it a real psychiatric disorder? Journal of Affective Disorders, 66, 283. VERDEJO-GARCIA, A., LAWRENCE, A. J., & CLARK, L. (2008). Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: Review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers, and genetic association studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 777–810. VUCHINICH, R. E., & SIMPSON, C. A. (1998). Hyperbolic temporal discounting in social drinkers and problem drinkers. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 6, 292–305. WIDYANTO, L., & GRIFFITHS, M. (2006). Internet addiction: A critical review. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 4, 31–51. WIDYANTO, L., & MCMURRAN, M. (2004). The psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 7, 443–450. YELLOWLEES, P. M., & MARKS, S. (2007). Problematic Internet use or Internet addiction? Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1447–1453. YOUNG, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48, 402–415.