Missing data on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: A comparison of 4 imputation techniques

Radloff, 1977, The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population, Appl Psychol Meas, 1, 385, 10.1177/014662167700100306 Piogett, 2001, A review of methods for missing data, Educ Res Eval, 7, 353, 10.1076/edre.7.4.353.8937 Fayers, 1998, Incomplete quality of life data in randomized trials: missing items, Stat Med, 17, 679, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980315/15)17:5/7<679::AID-SIM814>3.0.CO;2-X Allison, 2001 Rubin, 1987 Croy, 2005, Methods for addressing missing data in psychiatric and developmental research, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 44, 1230, 10.1097/01.chi.0000181044.06337.6f Little, 2002 Schafer, 1997, Analysis of incomplete multivariate data, vol. 72 Schafer, 1999, Multiple imputation: a primer, Stat Methods Med Res, 8, 3, 10.1191/096228099671525676 Ried, 2005, Antihypertensive drugs and depressive symptoms (SADD-Sx) in patients treated with a calcium antagonist-based or β-blocker–based hypertension strategy in the INternational Verapamil SR-Trandolapril STudy (INVEST), Psychosom Med, 67, 398, 10.1097/01.psy.0000160468.69451.7f Ried, 2006, Comparing depressive symptoms of patients at high risk for depression after antihypertensive treatment with verapamil-led versus atenolol-led strategies, Ann Pharmacother Troxel, 1998, Statistical analysis of quality of life with missing data in cancer clinical trials, Stat Med, 17, 653, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980315/15)17:5/7<653::AID-SIM812>3.0.CO;2-M Heitjan, 1997, Annotation: what can be done about missing data? approaches to imputation, Am J Public Health, 87, 548, 10.2105/AJPH.87.4.548 Fairclough, 1998, Why are missing quality of life data a problem in clinical trials of cancer therapy?, Stat Med, 17, 667, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980315/15)17:5/7<667::AID-SIM813>3.0.CO;2-6 Hair, 1998 Curran, 1998, Incomplete quality of life data in randomized trials: missing forms, Stat Med, 17, 697, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980315/15)17:5/7<697::AID-SIM815>3.0.CO;2-Y Bowden, 1984 Angrist, 1996, Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables, J Am Stat Assoc, 91, 444, 10.2307/2291629 Sturmer, 2005, Correcting effect estimates for unmeasured confounding in cohort studies with validation studies using propensity score calibration, Am J Epidemiol, 162, 279, 10.1093/aje/kwi192 Rosner, 1990, Correction of logistic regression relative risk estimates and confidence intervals for measurement error: the case of multiple covariates measured with error, Am J Epidemiol, 132, 734, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115715 Heckman, 1979, Sample selection bias as a specification error, Econometrica, 47, 153, 10.2307/1912352 Whitehead, 1994, Item nonresponse in contingent valuation: should CV researchers impute values for missing independent variables?, J Leisure Res, 26, 296, 10.1080/00222216.1994.11969961 Downey, 1998, Missing data in Likert ratings: a comparison of replacement methods, J Gen Psychol, 125, 175, 10.1080/00221309809595542 Bono CB. Missing Data on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale: A Comparison of Four Imputation Techniques. Dissertation Abstracts: Ann Arbor, MI; May 2003. Ford, 1983, An overview of hot-deck procedures, vol. 2, 185 Rubin Pepine, 1998, Rationale and design of the International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril Study (INVEST): an Internet-based randomized trial in coronary artery disease patients with hypertension, J Am Coll Cardiol, 32, 1228, 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00423-9 Pepine, 2003, A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 290, 2805, 10.1001/jama.290.21.2805 Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, 1997, The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure, Arch Intern Med, 157, 2413, 10.1001/archinte.1997.00440420033005 Turner, 1988, Physical disability and depression: a longitudinal analysis, J Health Soc Behav, 29, 23, 10.2307/2137178 Weissman, 1977, Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: a validation study, Am J Epidemiol, 106, 203, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112455 Husaini, 1980, Depression in rural communities: validating the CES-D Scale, J Community Psychol, 8, 20, 10.1002/1520-6629(198001)8:1<20::AID-JCOP2290080105>3.0.CO;2-Y Roberts, 1983, The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: its use in a community sample, Am J Psychiatry, 140, 41, 10.1176/ajp.140.1.41 Kaelber, 1995, Epidemiology of depression, 3 Frerichs, 1981, Prevalence of depression in Los Angeles county, Am J Epidemiol, 113, 691, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113149 Sonnenberg, 2000, Sex differences in late-life depression, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 101, 286, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2000.tb10927.x Lonnqvist, 1995, Mental disorders and suicide prevention, Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 49, S111, 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1995.tb01912.x Carpiniello, 1989, Depression among elderly people. A psychosocial study of urban and rural populations, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 80, 445, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb03004.x George, 1992, Social factors and the onset and outcomes of depression, 137 Kennedy, 1990, The emergence of depressive symptoms in late life: the importance of declining health and increasing disability, J Community Health, 15, 93, 10.1007/BF01321314 Knight, 1997, Psychometric properties of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a sample of women in middle life, Behav Res Ther, 35, 373, 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00107-6 Wassertheil-Smoller, 1996, Change in depression as a precursor of cardiovascular events, Arch Intern Med, 156, 553, 10.1001/archinte.1996.00440050111012 Keller, 1986, Impact of severity and chronicity of parental affective illness on adaptive functioning and psychopathology in children, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, 930, 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800100020004 Wells, 1992, The course of depression in adult outpatients. Results from the Medical Outcomes Study, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, 788, 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820100032007 Tsuang MT, Faraone SV. The Genetics of Mood Disorders. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. Winokur, 1979, Unipolar depression: is it divisible into autonomous subtypes?, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 36, 47, 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780010053005 Winokur, 1973, The Iowa 500: follow-up of 225 depressives, Br J Psychiatry, 123, 543, 10.1192/bjp.123.5.543 Regier, 1993, The de Facto US Mental and Addictive Disorders Service System: epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, 85, 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820140007001 Weissman, 1991, Affective disorders, 53 Blazer, 1991, The association of age and depression among the elderly: an epidemiologic exploration, J Gerontol, 46, M210, 10.1093/geronj/46.6.M210 Ross, 1992, Age and depression, J Health Soc Behav, 33, 187, 10.2307/2137349 Garson SAS. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Package 2001, 2001 Hawthorne, 2005, Imputing cross-sectional missing data: comparison of common techniques, Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 39, 583, 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01630.x Roth, 1994, Missing data: a conceptual review for applied psychologists, Personnel Psych, 47, 537, 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb01736.x Little, 1993, Pattern-mixture models for multivariate incomplete data, J Am Stat Assoc, 88, 125, 10.2307/2290705 Graham, 1996, Maximizing the usefulness of data obtained with planned missing value patterns: an application of maximum likelihood procedures, Multivariate Behav Res, 31, 197, 10.1207/s15327906mbr3102_3 Elliott, 2005, Imputing missing repeated measures data: how should we proceed?, Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 39, 575, 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01629.x