Poised Chromatin at the ZEB1 Promoter Enables Breast Cancer Cell Plasticity and Enhances Tumorigenicity

Al-Hajj, 2003, Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 3983, 10.1073/pnas.0530291100 Bernstein, 2006, A bivalent chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells, Cell, 125, 315, 10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.041 Bonnet, 1997, Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell, Nat. Med., 3, 730, 10.1038/nm0797-730 2012, Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours, Nature, 490, 61, 10.1038/nature11412 Cao, 2002, Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in Polycomb-group silencing, Science, 298, 1039, 10.1126/science.1076997 Chaffer, 2011, Normal and neoplastic nonstem cells can spontaneously convert to a stem-like state, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 7950, 10.1073/pnas.1102454108 Czermin, 2002, Drosophila enhancer of Zeste/ESC complexes have a histone H3 methyltransferase activity that marks chromosomal Polycomb sites, Cell, 111, 185, 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00975-3 Dean, 2005, Tumour stem cells and drug resistance, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 5, 275, 10.1038/nrc1590 Dontu, 2003, In vitro propagation and transcriptional profiling of human mammary stem/progenitor cells, Genes Dev., 17, 1253, 10.1101/gad.1061803 Elenbaas, 2001, Human breast cancer cells generated by oncogenic transformation of primary mammary epithelial cells, Genes Dev., 15, 50, 10.1101/gad.828901 Fillmore, 2008, Human breast cancer cell lines contain stem-like cells that self-renew, give rise to phenotypically diverse progeny and survive chemotherapy, Breast Cancer Res., 10, R25, 10.1186/bcr1982 Gregory, 2008, The miR-200 family and miR-205 regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and SIP1, Nat. Cell Biol., 10, 593, 10.1038/ncb1722 Gregory, 2011, An autocrine TGF-beta/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network regulates establishment and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Mol. Biol. Cell, 22, 1686, 10.1091/mbc.E11-02-0103 Guenther, 2007, A chromatin landmark and transcription initiation at most promoters in human cells, Cell, 130, 77, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.042 Guo, 2012, Slug and Sox9 cooperatively determine the mammary stem cell state, Cell, 148, 1015, 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.008 Gupta, 2011, Stochastic state transitions give rise to phenotypic equilibrium in populations of cancer cells, Cell, 146, 633, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.026 Kuzmichev, 2002, Histone methyltransferase activity associated with a human multiprotein complex containing the Enhancer of Zeste protein, Genes Dev., 16, 2893, 10.1101/gad.1035902 Lee, 2006, Chromatin immunoprecipitation and microarray-based analysis of protein location, Nat. Protoc., 1, 729, 10.1038/nprot.2006.98 Malanchi, 2012, Interactions between cancer stem cells and their niche govern metastatic colonization, Nature, 481, 85, 10.1038/nature10694 Mani, 2008, The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells, Cell, 133, 704, 10.1016/j.cell.2008.03.027 Maruyama, 2011, Epigenetic regulation of cell type-specific expression patterns in the human mammary epithelium, PLoS Genet., 7, e1001369, 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001369 Morel, 2008, Generation of breast cancer stem cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, PLoS ONE, 3, e2888, 10.1371/journal.pone.0002888 Mueller, 2007, A role for the MLL fusion partner ENL in transcriptional elongation and chromatin modification, Blood, 110, 4445, 10.1182/blood-2007-05-090514 Müller, 2002, Histone methyltransferase activity of a Drosophila Polycomb group repressor complex, Cell, 111, 197, 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00976-5 Roesch, 2010, A temporarily distinct subpopulation of slow-cycling melanoma cells is required for continuous tumor growth, Cell, 141, 583, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.020 Shaner, 2004, Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein, Nat. Biotechnol., 22, 1567, 10.1038/nbt1037 Thiery, 2009, Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease, Cell, 139, 871, 10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.007 Visvader, 2012, Cancer stem cells: current status and evolving complexities, Cell Stem Cell, 10, 717, 10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.007 Wellner, 2009, The EMT-activator ZEB1 promotes tumorigenicity by repressing stemness-inhibiting microRNAs, Nat. Cell Biol., 11, 1487, 10.1038/ncb1998 Hu, 2009, ELDA: extreme limiting dilution analysis for comparing depleted and enriched populations in stem cell and other assays, J. Immunol. Methods, 347, 70, 10.1016/j.jim.2009.06.008 Kleer, 2003, EZH2 is a marker of aggressive breast cancer and promotes neoplastic transformation of breast epithelial cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 11606, 10.1073/pnas.1933744100