PDL-1 upregulation on monocytes and T cells by HIV via type I interferon: Restricted expression of type I interferon receptor by CCR5-expressing leukocytes

Greenwald, 2005, The B7 family revisited, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 23, 515, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611 Lespagnard, 1997, Role of B7 costimulation in the induction of T and B cell responses by dendritic cells in vivo, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 417, 529, 10.1007/978-1-4757-9966-8_87 Dong, 1999, B7-H1, a third member of the B7 family, co-stimulates T-cell proliferation and interleukin-10 secretion, Nat. Med., 5, 1365, 10.1038/70932 Dolan, 1995, In vitro T cell function, delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing, and CD4+ T cell subset phenotyping independently predict survival time in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, J. Infect. Dis., 172, 79, 10.1093/infdis/172.1.79 Sharpe, 2007, The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection, Nat. Immunol., 8, 239, 10.1038/ni1443 Tsushima, 2007, Interaction between B7-H1 and PD-1 determines initiation and reversal of T-cell anergy, Blood, 10.1182/blood-2006-11-060087 Liu, 2007, Plasma cells from multiple myeloma patients express B7-H1 (PD-L1) and increase expression following stimulation with IFN-{gamma} and TLR ligands via a MyD88-, TRAF6-, and MEK-dependent pathway, Blood, 10.1182/blood-2006-10-051482 Schoop, 2004, Suppressed T-cell activation by IFN-gamma-induced expression of PD-L1 on renal tubular epithelial cells, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 19, 2713, 10.1093/ndt/gfh423 Carter, 2002, PD-1:PD-L inhibitory pathway affects both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and is overcome by IL-2, Eur. J. Immunol., 32, 634, 10.1002/1521-4141(200203)32:3<634::AID-IMMU634>3.0.CO;2-9 Tamura, 2001, B7-H1 costimulation preferentially enhances CD28-independent T-helper cell function, Blood, 97, 1809, 10.1182/blood.V97.6.1809 Blank, 2007, Contribution of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway to T-cell exhaustion: an update on implications for chronic infections and tumor evasion, Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 56, 739, 10.1007/s00262-006-0272-1 Yao, 2006, Reviving exhausted T lymphocytes during chronic virus infection by B7-H1 blockade, Trends Mol. Med., 12, 244, 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.04.007 Geng, 2006, B7-H1 expression is upregulated in peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, which correlates with higher serum IL-10 levels, J. Viral Hepat., 13, 725, 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00746.x Maier, 2007, PD-1:PD-L1 interactions contribute to the functional suppression of virus-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in the liver, J. Immunol., 178, 2714, 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.2714 Hofmann, 1990, HIV inhibits the early steps of lymphocyte activation, including initiation of inositol phospholipid metabolism, J. Immunol., 145, 3699, 10.4049/jimmunol.145.11.3699 Janossy, 1993, Lymphocyte activation in HIV-1 infection. I. Predominant proliferative defects among CD45R0+ cells of the CD4 and CD8 lineages, Aids, 7, 613, 10.1097/00002030-199305000-00002 Brenchley, 2006, Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection, Nat. Med., 12, 1365, 10.1038/nm1511 Trautmann, 2006, Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction, Nat. Med., 12, 1198, 10.1038/nm1482 Petrovas, 2006, PD-1 is a regulator of virus-specific CD8+ T cell survival in HIV infection, J. Exp. Med., 203, 2281, 10.1084/jem.20061496 Chen, 2007, B7-H1 up-regulation on myeloid dendritic cells significantly suppresses T cell immune function in patients with chronic hepatitis B, J. Immunol., 178, 6634, 10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6634 Cecchinato, 2008, Immune activation driven by ctla-4 blockade augments viral replication at mucosal sites in simian immunodeficiency virus infection, J. Immunol., 180, 5439, 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5439 Trabattoni, 2003, B7-H1 is up-regulated in HIV infection and is a novel surrogate marker of disease progression, Blood, 101, 2514, 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3065 Rosignoli, 2007, Expression of PD-L1, a marker of disease status, is not reduced by HAART in aviraemic patients, Aids, 21, 1379, 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3281de7296 Clerici, 2000, Immunoendocrinologic abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus infection, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 917, 956, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05462.x Lieberman, 2001, Dressed to kill? A review of why antiviral CD8 T lymphocytes fail to prevent progressive immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection, Blood, 98, 1667, 10.1182/blood.V98.6.1667 Rossio, 1998, Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity with preservation of conformational and functional integrity of virion surface proteins, J. Virol., 72, 7992, 10.1128/JVI.72.10.7992-8001.1998 Herbeuval, 2005, Regulation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand on primary CD4+ T cells by HIV-1: role of type I IFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 102, 13974, 10.1073/pnas.0505251102 Montoya, 2006, Activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells with TLR9 agonists initiates invariant NKT cell-mediated cross-talk with myeloid dendritic cells, J. Immunol., 177, 1028, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.1028 Gorden, 2005, Synthetic TLR agonists reveal functional differences between human TLR7 and TLR8, J. Immunol., 174, 1259, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1259 Boasso, 2007, HIV inhibits CD4+ T-cell proliferation by inducing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, Blood, 109, 3351, 10.1182/blood-2006-07-034785 Mattapallil, 2005, Massive infection and loss of memory CD4+ T cells in multiple tissues during acute SIV infection, Nature, 434, 1093, 10.1038/nature03501 Muhlbauer, 2006, PD-L1 is induced in hepatocytes by viral infection and by interferon-alpha and -gamma and mediates T cell apoptosis, J. Hepatol., 45, 520, 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.05.007 Beignon, 2005, Endocytosis of HIV-1 activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor-viral RNA interactions, J. Clin. Invest., 115, 3265, 10.1172/JCI26032 Hartmann, 2003, Rational design of new CpG oligonucleotides that combine B cell activation with high IFN-alpha induction in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, Eur. J. Immunol., 33, 1633, 10.1002/eji.200323813 McCluskie, 2006, Enhancement of infectious disease vaccines through TLR9-dependent recognition of CpG DNA, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 311, 155, 10.1007/3-540-32636-7_6 Verthelyi, 2001, Human peripheral blood cells differentially recognize and respond to two distinct CPG motifs, J. Immunol., 166, 2372, 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2372 Abe, 2005, Plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors induce allogeneic T-cell hyporesponsiveness and prolong heart graft survival, Am. J. Transplant., 5, 1808, 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00954.x Herbeuval, 2006, Differential expression of IFN-alpha and TRAIL/DR5 in lymphoid tissue of progressor versus nonprogressor HIV-1-infected patients, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 103, 7000, 10.1073/pnas.0600363103 von Sydow, 1991, Interferon-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in serum of patients in various stages of HIV-1 infection, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 7, 375, 10.1089/aid.1991.7.375 Herbeuval, 2005, CD4+ T-cell death induced by infectious and noninfectious HIV-1: role of type 1 interferon-dependent, TRAIL/DR5-mediated apoptosis, Blood, 106, 3524, 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1243 Brenchley, 2004, CD4+ T cell depletion during all stages of HIV disease occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract, J. Exp. Med., 200, 749, 10.1084/jem.20040874 Guadalupe, 2003, Severe CD4+ T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy, J. Virol., 77, 11708, 10.1128/JVI.77.21.11708-11717.2003 Estes, 2006, Premature induction of an immunosuppressive regulatory T cell response during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection, J. Infect. Dis., 193, 703, 10.1086/500368 Veazey, 1998, Gastrointestinal tract as a major site of CD4+ T cell depletion and viral replication in SIV infection, Science, 280, 427, 10.1126/science.280.5362.427 Little, 1999, Viral dynamics of acute HIV-1 infection, J. Exp. Med., 190, 841, 10.1084/jem.190.6.841 Borrow, 1994, Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, J. Virol., 68, 6103, 10.1128/JVI.68.9.6103-6110.1994 Koup, 1994, Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome, J. Virol., 68, 4650, 10.1128/JVI.68.7.4650-4655.1994 Herbeuval, 2007, HIV-1 immunopathogenesis: how good interferon turns bad, Clin. Immunol., 123, 121, 10.1016/j.clim.2006.09.016 Vilcek, 2003, Boosting p53 with interferon and viruses, Nat. Immunol., 4, 825, 10.1038/ni0903-825 Pandrea, 2007, Paucity of CD4+CCR5+ T cells is a typical feature of natural SIV hosts, Blood, 109, 1069, 10.1182/blood-2006-05-024364 Martinson, 2007, Impact of class A, B and C CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides on in vitro activation of innate immune cells in human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected individuals, Immunology, 120, 526, 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02530.x Haffar, 1993, Costimulation of T-cell activation and virus production by B7 antigen on activated CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected donors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 90, 11094, 10.1073/pnas.90.23.11094 Kochli, 1999, CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules on circulating T cells of HIV infected individuals, Immunol. Lett., 65, 197, 10.1016/S0165-2478(98)00107-2 Wolthers, 1996, Increased expression of CD80, CD86 and CD70 on T cells from HIV-infected individuals upon activation in vitro: regulation by CD4+ T cells, Eur. J. Immunol., 26, 1700, 10.1002/eji.1830260806 Wyss-Coray, 1993, The B7 adhesion molecule is expressed on activated human T cells: functional involvement in T–T cell interactions, Eur. J. Immunol., 23, 2175, 10.1002/eji.1830230919 Andersson, 2005, The prevalence of regulatory T cells in lymphoid tissue is correlated with viral load in HIV-infected patients, J. Immunol., 174, 3143, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3143 Sansom, 2003, What's the difference between CD80 and CD86?, Trends Immunol., 24, 314, 10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00111-X Butte, 2007, Programmed death-1 ligand 1 interacts specifically with the B7-1 costimulatory molecule to inhibit T cell responses, Immunity, 27, 111, 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.05.016 Clerici, 1991, Multiple patterns of alloantigen presenting/stimulating cell dysfunction in patients with AIDS, J. Immunol., 146, 2207, 10.4049/jimmunol.146.7.2207