Emanation of radon-222 from marine sediments

Marine Chemistry - Tập 7 - Trang 221-250 - 1979
R.M. Key1, N.L. Guinasso1, D.R. Schink1
1Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 877 843 U.S.A.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Arrhenius, 1955, Distribution of radioactivity in pelagic clays, Tellus, 7, 226, 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1955.tb01156.x Bainbridge, 1976, GEOSECS Atlantic Bottom Hydrography, Radon, and Suspended Particulate Atlas, NSF-IDOE publication Barretto, 1972, Emanation Characteristics of Terrestrial and Lunar Materials and the 222Rn Loss Effect on the U-Pb System Discordance Ben-Yaakov, 1972, Diffusion of sea water ions. I. Diffusion of sea water into dilute solutions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 36, 1395, 10.1016/0016-7037(72)90069-5 Berner, 1971, Principles of Chemical Sedimentology, 240 Berner, 1975, Diagenetic and dissolved species in the interstitial waters of compacting sediments, Am. J. Sci., 275, 88, 10.2475/ajs.275.1.88 Berner, 1976, Inclusion of adsorption in the modelling of early diagenesis, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 29, 333, 10.1016/0012-821X(76)90137-0 Blanchard, 1965, Relationships between uranium and radium in coastal marine shells and their environment, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 2911, 10.1029/JZ070i012p02911 Boltwood, 1905, The origin of radium, Phil. Mag., 9, 599, 10.1080/14786440509463308 Boudreau, 1979 Brewer, 1977, Applications of Radon Distribution and Radon Flux for the Determination of Oceanic Mixing and Air-Sea Gas Exchange, 66 Broecker, 1965, An application of natural radon to problems in oceanic circulations, 116 Broecker, 1967, Radium-226 and radon-222: Concentrations in Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Science, 158, 1307, 10.1126/science.158.3806.1307 Broecker, 1968, Rates of vertical eddy diffusion near the ocean floor based on measurements of the distribution of excess 222Rn, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 5, 101, 10.1016/S0012-821X(68)80022-6 Broecker, 1976, The distribution of 226Ra in the Atlantic Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 32, 220, 10.1016/0012-821X(76)90063-7 Cherry, 1964, Alpha-radioactivity of plankton, Nature, 203, 139, 10.1038/203139a0 Chung, 1971, Pacific Deep and Bottom Water Studies Based on Temperature, Radium and Excess-Radon Measurements Chung, 1974, Transient excess-radon profiles in Pacific bottom water, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 21, 295, 10.1016/0012-821X(74)90164-2 Chung, 1972, Excess-radon and temperature profiles from the eastern equatorial Pacific, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 14, 55, 10.1016/0012-821X(72)90079-9 Cochran, 1977, Ra-226 and Ra-228 in sediment pore water Evans, 1938, The radium and radon content of Pacific Ocean water, life, and sediments, Am. J. Sci., 36, 241, 10.2475/ajs.s5-36.214.241 Flügge, 1939, Die Bestimmung von Korngrössen und von Diffusion-konstanten aus dem Emaniervermögen, Z. Phys. Chem., B42, 179 Giletti, 1955, Radon leakage from radioactive minerals, Am. Mineral., 40, 481 Guinasso, 1975, Quantitative estimates of biological mixing rates in abyssal sediments, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3032, 10.1029/JC080i021p03032 Heezen, 1971, The Face of the Deep, 659 Holland, 1954, The mechanism of removal of ionium radium from the oceans, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 5, 214, 10.1016/0016-7037(54)90045-9 Holland, 1954, The transport and deposition of uranium, ionium, and radium in rivers, oceans, and ocean sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 5, 197, 10.1016/0016-7037(54)90044-7 Kadko, 1979, Thorium-230, Radium-226, and Radon-222 in abyssal sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. Key, 1977, Estimating the standard deviation for 222Rn scintillation counting — a note concerning the paper by Sarmiento et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 35, 184, 10.1016/0012-821X(77)90042-5 Key, 1979, Some improved techniques for measuring radon and radium in marine sediments and in seawater, Mar. Chem., 7, 251, 10.1016/0304-4203(79)90042-2 Koide, 1976, Ra-226 chronology of a coastal marine sediment, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 31, 31, 10.1016/0012-821X(76)90093-5 Ku, 1965, An evaluation of the 234U/238U method as a tool for dating pelagic sediments, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 3457, 10.1029/JZ070i014p03457 Ku, 1976, 226Ra distribution in the Antarctic Ocean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 32, 236, 10.1016/0012-821X(76)90064-9 Ku, 1970, Radium in the Indian-Antarctic Ocean south of Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 5286, 10.1029/JC075i027p05286 Kulp, 1952, Surface area of deep sea sediments, J. Geol., 60, 148, 10.1086/625945 Lietzke, 1975, Effects of bottom relief in two-dimensional oceanic eddy diffusion models, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 24, 337, 10.1016/0012-821X(75)90139-9 Lyle, 1976, Metal accumulation rates in the southeast Pacific — errors introduced from assumed bulk densities, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 30, 164, 10.1016/0012-821X(76)90242-9 Mandelbrot, 1967, How long is the coast of Britain?, 156, 636 Moore, 1976, Sampling 228Ra in the deep ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 23, 647 Piggot, 1941, Radioactivity of ocean sediments, Am. J. Sci., 239, 81, 10.2475/ajs.239.2.81 Piggot, 1942, Radioactivity of ocean sediments. IV. The radium content of the Cayman Trough, Am. J. Sci., 240, 1, 10.2475/ajs.240.1.1 Piggot, 1942, Time relations in ocean sediments, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 53, 1187, 10.1130/GSAB-53-1187 Rutherford, 1901, Einfluss der Temperatur auf die “Emanationen” radioaktiver Substanzen, Phys. Z., 2, 429 Sarmiento, 1976, The relationship between vertical eddy diffusion and buoyancy gradient in the deep sea, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 32, 357, 10.1016/0012-821X(76)90076-5 Sarmiento, 1978, A study of mixing in the deep sea based on STD radon-222, and radium-228 measurements Sarmiento, 1978, Ocean floor radon-222 standing crops in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Schink, 1977, Effects of bioturbation on sediment-seawater interaction, Mar. Geol., 23, 133, 10.1016/0025-3227(77)90086-X Schink, 1978, Redistribution of dissolved and adsorbed materials in abyssal marine sediments undergoing biological stirring, Am. J. Sci., 278, 687, 10.2475/ajs.278.5.687 Schink, 1979, An improved device for gasometric determination of carbonate in sediment, J. Sed. Pet., 10.1306/212F77ED-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D Schink, 1975, Processes affecting the concentration of silica at the sediment-water interface of the Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3013, 10.1029/JC080i021p03013 Scott, 1977, Separation of Th, Pa, and Ra in the marine environment: Adsorption studies Shannon, 1971, Radium-226 in marine phytoplankton, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 11, 339, 10.1016/0012-821X(71)90189-0 Somayajulu, 1973, Radium, thorium and uranium isotopes in the interstitial water from the Pacific Ocean sediment, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 4529, 10.1029/JC078i021p04529 Urry, 1942, The radio-elements in non-equilibrium systems, Am. J. Sci., 240, 426, 10.2475/ajs.240.6.426 Urry, 1949, Radioactivity of ocean sediments. VI. Concentrations of the radio-elements in marine sediments of the Southern Hemisphere, Am. J. Sci., 247, 257, 10.2475/ajs.247.4.257 Van Brakel, 1974, Analysis of diffusion in macroporous media in terms of a porosity, a tortuosity and a constrictivity factor, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 17, 1093, 10.1016/0017-9310(74)90190-2 Volchok, 1957, Ionium method of age determination, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 11, 219, 10.1016/0016-7037(57)90096-0 Wolberg, 1967, Prediction Analysis, 291