Numerical modelling for wind farm operational assessment in complex terrain

Barthelmie, 2013, Meteorological controls on wind turbine wakes, Proc. IEEE, 101, 1010, 10.1109/JPROC.2012.2204029 Barthelmie, 2013, An overview of data for wake model evaluation in the virtual wakes laboratory, Appl. Energy, 104, 834, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.013 Burlando, M., Carassale, L., Borghesi, M., Tubino, F., Ratto, C., Solari, G., 2005. Numerical simulation of turbulent wind fields at airports in complex terrain. In: Proceedings of the Fourth European & African Conference on Wind Engineering, Praha, Czech Republic, pp. 11–15. Burlando, 2007, A simple and efficient procedure for the numerical simulation of wind fields in complex terrain, Bound.-Layer Meteorology, 125, 417, 10.1007/s10546-007-9196-3 Castellani, F., Astolfi, D., Terzi, L., 2014a. Mathematical methods for performance evaluation of onshore wind farms through scada data mining. Recent Advances in Energy, Environment Financial Planning. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Development, Energy, Environment, Economics (DEEE '14). ISBN: 978-960-474-400-8 Castellani, F., Astolfi, D., Terzi, L., Hansen, K., Rodrigo, J., 2014b. Analysing wind farm efficiency on complex terrains. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 524 012142. Castellani, F., Franceschini, G., 2005. A new technique to improve expected aep estimation in very complex terrain. In: AIAA/ASME Wind energy symposium. Fleming, P., Lee, S., Churchfield, M., Scholbrock, A., Michalakes, J., Johnson, K., Moriarty, P., 2013. The SOWFA Super-Controller: A High-Fidelity Tool for Evaluating Wind Plant Control Approaches. Technical Report NREL/CP-5000-57175 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/57175.pdf to be presented at EWEA 2013 Vienna, Austria February 4–7, 2013. Gaumond, 2014, Evaluation of the wind direction uncertainty and its impact on wake modeling at the horns rev offshore wind farm, Wind Energy, 17, 1169, 10.1002/we.1625 Hansen, 2012, The impact of turbulence intensity and atmospheric stability on power deficits due to wind turbine wakes at horns rev wind farm, Wind Energy, 15, 183, 10.1002/we.512 Kaimal, J.C., Finnigan, J.J., 1994. Atmospheric boundary layer flows: their structure and measurement. Kaldellis, 2013, The influence of technical availability on the energy performance of wind farms, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 115, 65, 10.1016/j.jweia.2012.12.016 Kusiak, 2013, Prediction, operations, and condition monitoring in wind energy, Energy, 6, 1, 10.1016/j.energy.2013.07.051 Makridis, 2013, Validation of a {CFD} model of wind turbine wakes with terrain effects, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 123, 12, 10.1016/j.jweia.2013.08.009 Makridis, 2013, Validation of a cfd model of wind turbine wakes with terrain effects, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 123, 12, 10.1016/j.jweia.2013.08.009 McKay, 2013, Wake impacts on downstream wind turbine performance and yaw alignment, Wind Energy, 16, 221, 10.1002/we.544 Moreno, P., Gravdahl, A., Romero, M., 2003. Wind flow over complex terrain: application of linear and cfd models. In: European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Madrid, pp. 16–19. Motta, 2005, The influence of non-logarithmic wind speed profiles on potential power output at danish offshore sites, Wind Energy, 8, 219, 10.1002/we.146 Peralta, C., Nugusse, H., Kokilavani, S., Schmidt, J., Stoevesandt, B., 2014. Validation of the simplefoam (rans) solver for the atmospheric boundary layer in complex terrain. In: ITM Web of Conferences, vol. 2, EDP Sciences, p. 01002. Port-Agel, 2013, A numerical study of the effects of wind direction on turbine wakes and power losses in a large wind farm, Energies, 6, 5297, 10.3390/en6105297 Ratto, C., Festa, R., Nicora, O., Mosiello, R., Ricci, A., Lalas, D., Frumento, O., 1990. Wind field numerical simulations: a new user-friendly code. In: 1990 European Community Wind Energy Conference, pp. 10–14. Rodrigo, J.S., Gancarski, P., Arroyo, R.C., Moriarty, P., Chuchfield, M., Naughton, J.W., Hansen, K.S., Machefaux, E., Koblitz, T., Maguire, E., et al., 2014. Iea-task 31 wakebench: towards a protocol for wind farm flow model evaluation. part 1: flow-over-terrain models. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 524 012105. Subramanian, 2015, Experimental analysis of wakes in a utility scale wind farm, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 138, 61, 10.1016/j.jweia.2014.12.009 Tian, 2015, Development and validation of a new two-dimensional wake model for wind turbine wakes, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 137, 90, 10.1016/j.jweia.2014.12.001