Scaling and design of landslide and debris-flow experiments

Geomorphology - Tập 244 - Trang 9-20 - 2015
Richard M. Iverson1
1U.S. Geological Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Vancouver, WA USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Armanini, 2005, Rheological stratification in experimental free-surface flows of granular-liquid mixtures, J. Fluid Mech., 532, 269, 10.1017/S0022112005004283 Bagnold, 1954, Experiments on a gravity-free dispersion of large solid spheres in a Newtonian fluid under shear, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 225, 49, 10.1098/rspa.1954.0186 Baker, 1996, Hypotheses and geomorphological reasoning, 57 Bird, 1960 Bolster, 2011, Dynamic similarity, the dimensionless science, Phys. Today, 64, 42, 10.1063/PT.3.1258 Bowman, 2012, Physical models of rock avalanche spreading behaviour with dynamic fragmentation, Can. Geotech. J., 49, 460, 10.1139/t2012-007 Boyer, 2011, Unifying suspension and granular rheology, Phys. Rev. Lett., 107, 188301, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.188301 Bridgman, 1922 Buckingham, 1914, On physically similar systems; illustrations of the use of dimensional equations, Phys. Rev., 4, 345, 10.1103/PhysRev.4.345 Buckingham, 1915, Model experiments and the forms of empirical equations, Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 37, 263 Bugnion, 2012, Measurements of hillslope debris flow impact pressure on obstacles, Landslides, 9, 179, 10.1007/s10346-011-0294-4 Cassar, 2005, Submarine granular flows down inclined planes, Phys. Fluids, 17, 103301, 10.1063/1.2069864 Dade, 1998, Long runout rockfalls, Geology, 26, 803, 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0803:LRR>2.3.CO;2 Deboeuf, 2009, Particle pressure in a sheared suspension: a bridge from osmosis to granular dilatancy, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 108031, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.108301 Densmore, 1997, Hillslope evolution by bedrock landslides, Science, 275, 369, 10.1126/science.275.5298.369 Eckersley, 1990, Instrumented laboratory flowslides, Geotechnique, 40, 489, 10.1680/geot.1990.40.3.489 Forterre, 2008, Flows of dense granular media, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 40, 1, 10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102142 George, 2014, A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: 2. numerical predictions and experimental tests, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 470 Gilbert, 1914, The transportation of debris by running water Goldhirsch, 2003, Rapid granular flows, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 35, 267, 10.1146/annurev.fluid.35.101101.161114 Heim, 1882, Der bergsturz von Elm, Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges., 34, 74 Hsü, 1978, Albert Heim: observations on landslides and relevance to modern interpretations, 71 Hsu, 2014, Mean and fluctuating basal forces generated by granular flows: Laboratory observations in a large vertically rotating drum, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 119 Hunt, 2002, Revisiting the 1954 suspension experiments of R.A. Bagnold, J. Fluid Mech., 452, 1, 10.1017/S0022112001006577 Iverson, 1997, The physics of debris flows, Rev. Geophys., 35, 245, 10.1029/97RG00426 Iverson, 2003, How should mathematical models of geomorphic processes be judged?, 83 Iverson, 2003, The debris-flow rheology myth, v. 1, 303 Iverson, 2005, Regulation of landslide motion by dilatancy and pore pressure feedback, J. Geophys. Res., 110, (F02015), 10.1029/2004JF000268 Iverson, 2012, Elementary theory of bed-sediment entrainment by debris flows and avalanches, J. Geophys. Res., 117, (F03006), 10.1029/2011JF002189 Iverson, 2001, Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain: 1. Coulomb mixture theory, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 537, 10.1029/2000JB900329 Iverson, 2014, A depth-averaged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy: 1. physical basis, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 470 Iverson, 1989, Dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations in rapidly shearing granular materials, Science, 246, 796, 10.1126/science.246.4931.796 Iverson, 2015, Entrainment of bed material by Earth-surface mass flows: review and reformulation of depth-integrated theory, Rev. Geophys., 53, 10.1002/2013RG000447 Iverson, 1997, Debris-flow mobilization from landslides, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 25, 85, 10.1146/annurev.earth.25.1.85 Iverson, 2000, Acute sensitivity of landslide rates to initial soil porosity, Science, 290, 513, 10.1126/science.290.5491.513 Iverson, 2004, Granular avalanches across irregular three-dimensional terrain: 2. experimental tests, J. Geophys. Res., 109, F01015, 10.1029/2003JF000084 Iverson, 2010, The perfect debris flow: aggregated results from 28 large-scale experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F03005, 10.1029/2009JF001514 Iverson, 2011, Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment, Nat. Geosci., 4, 116, 10.1038/ngeo1040 Kaitna, 2014, Surface slopes, velocity profiles and fluid pressure in coarse-grained debris flows saturated with water and mud, J. Fluid Mech., 741, 377, 10.1017/jfm.2013.675 Legros, 2002, The mobility of long-runout landslides, Eng. Geol., 63, 301, 10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00090-4 Logan, 2007, Video documentation of experiments at the USGS debris-flow flume 1992–2006 (amended to include 2007–2013), v. 1.3 Mangeney, 2010, Erosion and mobility in granular collapse over sloping beds, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F03040, 10.1029/2009JF001462 Manzella, 2009, Flow experiments with gravel and blocks at small scale to investigate parameters and mechanisms involved in rock avalanches, Eng. Geol., 109, 146, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.11.006 MiDi, 2004, On dense granular flows, Eur. Phys. J. E, 14, 341, 10.1140/epje/i2003-10153-0 Montgomery, 1997, Piezometric response of a steep unchanneled valley to natural and applied rainfall, Water Resour. Res., 33, 91, 10.1029/96WR02985 Montgomery, 2009, Instrumental record of debris flow initiation during natural rainfall: Implications for modeling slope stability, J. Geophys. Res., 114, F01031, 10.1029/2008JF001078 Moriwaki, 2004, Failure processes in a full-scale landslide experiment using a rainfall simulator, Landslides, 1, 277, 10.1007/s10346-004-0034-0 Ochiai, 2004, A fluidized landslide on a natural slope by artificial rainfall, Landslides, 1, 211, 10.1007/s10346-004-0030-4 Ochiai, 2007, Landslide experiments on artificial and natural slopes, 209 Okura, 2000, The effects of rockfall volume on runout distance, Eng. Geol., 109–124 Paguican, 2014, Hummocks: how they form and how they evolve in rockslide-debris avalanches, Landslides, 11, 67, 10.1007/s10346-012-0368-y Paik, 2012, Real scale field experiment of debris flow for investigating its deposition and entrainment Parsons, 2001, Experimental study of the grain-flow, fluid-mud transition in debris flows, J. Geol., 109, 427, 10.1086/320798 Pudasaini, 2007 Raju, 1995, The accumulation and dispersion of heavy particles in forced two-dimensional mixing layers. Part 2: the effect of gravity, Phys. Fluids, 7, 1241, 10.1063/1.868581 Reid, 1997, Debris-flow initiation experiments with diverse hydrologic triggers, 1 Rice, 1976, Some basic stress diffusion solutions for fluid-saturated elastic porous media with compressible constituents, Rev. Geophys., 14, 227, 10.1029/RG014i002p00227 Rickenmann, 2003, Erosion by debris flows in field and laboratory experiments, v. 2, 883 Roche, 2010, Pore fluid pressure and internal kinematics of gravitational laboratory air-particle flows: Insights into the emplacement dynamics of pyroclastic flows, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B09206, 10.1029/2009JB007133 Savage, 1984, The mechanics of rapid granular flows, Adv. Appl. Mech., 24, 289, 10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70047-4 Savage, 1989, The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline, J. Fluid Mech., 199, 177, 10.1017/S0022112089000340 Schaeffer, 2008, Steady and intermittent slipping in a model of landslide motion regulated by pore-pressure feedback, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 69, 769, 10.1137/07070704X Shreve, 1968, The Blackhawk landslide, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 108 Springman, 2009, Landslide triggering experiment in a steep forested slope in Switzerland, 1698