Inactivation of Transmissible Degenerative Encephalopathy Agents: A Review

ADAMS, 1972, Periodate—an inhibitor of the scrapie agents?, Research in Veterinary Science, 13, 195, 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)34075-X ASHER, 1981, Effects of several disinfectants and gas sterilisation on the infectivity of scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Abstracts of the Twelfth World Congress of Neurology, 225 ASHER, 1986, Practical inctivation of scrapie agent on surfaces, Abstracts of the IXth International Congress of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 20 ASHER, 1987, Attempts to disinfect surfaces contaminated with etiological agents of the spongiform encephalopathies, Abstracts of the VIIth International Congress of Virology, 147 AYLIFFE, 1993, Surgical instruments and disease transmission, Lancet, 341, 1098, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92460-B BROWN, 1982, Chemical disinfection of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus, New England Journal of Medicine, 306, 1279, 10.1056/NEJM198205273062107 BROWN, 1982, Effects of chemicals, heat and histopathological processing on high-infectivity hamster-adapted scrapie virus, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 145, 683, 10.1093/infdis/145.2.683 BROWN, 1983, The effect of chemicals, heat, and histopathologic processing on high-infectivity hamster-adapted scrapie virus, 156 BROWN, 1986, Newer data on the inactivation of scrapie virus or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus in brain tissue, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 153, 1145, 10.1093/infdis/153.6.1145 BROWN, 1990, Resistance of scrapie agent to steam autoclaving after formaldehyde fixation and limited survival after ashing at 360°C: practical and theoretical implications, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 161, 467, 10.1093/infdis/161.3.467 BROWN, 1990, A simple and effective method for inactivating virus infectivity in formalin-fixed tissue samples from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Neurology, 40, 887, 10.1212/WNL.40.6.887 BRUCE, 1989, Precise targeting of the pathology of the sialoglycoprotein, PrP, and vacuolar degeneration in mouse scrapie, Neuroscience Letters, 102, 1, 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90298-X BRUCE, 1994, Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice; strain variation and the species barrier, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 343, 405, 10.1098/rstb.1994.0036 BRUCE, M.E., WILL, R.G., IRONSIDE, J.W., MCCONNELL, I., DRUMMOND, D., SUTTIE, A., MCCARDLE, L., CHREE, A., HOPE, J., BIRKETT, C., COUSENS, S., FRASER, H. & BOSTOCK, C.J. (199 Transmissions to mice indicate that ‘new variant’ CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Lancet389498501. CARP, 1985, Nature of the scrapie agent: current status of facts and hypotheses, Journal of General Virology, 66, 1357, 10.1099/0022-1317-66-7-1357 CHESEBRO, 1998, BSE and prions: uncertainties about the agent, Science, 279, 42, 10.1126/science.279.5347.42 DHSS, 1984, Management of patients with spongiform ncephalopathy Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)]. DICKINSON, 1976, Scrapie in sheep and goats, 209 DICKINSON, 1978, Resistance of scrapie agent to decontamination, New England Journal of Medicine, 229, 1413 DIRINGER, 1989, Infectivity of unconventional viruses in dura mater, Lancet, i, 439, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90035-4 ERNST, 1993, Comparative analysis of scrapie agent inactivation, Journal of Virological Methods, 41, 193, 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90126-C FARQUHAR, 1998, Straining the prion hypothesis, Nature, 391, 345, 10.1038/34818 FRASER, 1992, Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice, Journal of General Virology, 173, 1891, 10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-1891 GAJDUSEK, 1968, Slow, latent and temperate virus infections of the central nervous system GARD, 1959, Inactivation of viruses HAIG, 1968, The effect of B-propiolactone on the scrapie agent, Journal of General Virology, 3, 281, 10.1099/0022-1317-3-2-281 HUNTER, 1964, Further experiments on the comparative potency of tissue extracts from mice infected with scrapie, Research in Veterinary Science, 5, 149, 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)34807-0 HUNTER, 1967, Attempts to release the scrapie agent from tissue debris, Journal of Comparative Pathology, 77, 301, 10.1016/0021-9975(67)90039-4 HUNTER, 1969, Further studies of infectivity and stability of extracts and homogenates derived from scrapie affected mouse brains, Journal of Comparative Pathology, 79, 101, 10.1016/0021-9975(69)90033-4 KIMBERLIN, 1983, Disinfection studies with two strains of mouse passaged scrapie agent, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 59, 355, 10.1016/0022-510X(83)90021-7 LATARJET, 1979, Inactivations of the agents of scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and kuru by radiations, 387 MANUELIDIS, 1997, Decontamination of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and other transmissible agents, Journal of Neurovirology, 3, 62, 10.3109/13550289709015793 MANUELIDIS, 1998, Cleaning CJD-contaminated instruments, Science, 281, 1961, 10.1126/science.281.5385.1961c MILLSON, 1976, The physico-chemical nature of the scrapie agent, 243 MOULD, 1965, Scrapie in mice. The stability of the agent to various suspending media, pH and solvent extraction, Research in Veterinary Science, 6, 151, 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)34749-0 POCCHIARI, M. (Unpublished data cited by HORAUD, F.) (1993) Safety of medicinal products: summary, Developments in Biological Standardization, 80, 207, 8. PRUSINER, 1981, Scrapie agent contains a hydrophobic protein, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 78, 6675, 10.1073/pnas.78.11.6675 PRUSINER, 1984, Prions: methods for assay, purification, and characterisation, 293, 10.1016/B978-0-12-470208-0.50014-1 ROSENBERG, 1986, Precautions in handling tissues, fluids, and other contaminated materials from patients with documented or suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Annals of Neurology, 19, 75, 10.1002/ana.410190113 STAMP, 1959, Further studies on scrapie, Journal of Comparative Pathology, 69, 268, 10.1016/S0368-1742(59)80026-6 STEELE, 1999, Survival of BSE and scrapie agents at 200°C, Abstracts of a Meeting of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers, 29 TAGUCHI, 1991, Proposal for a procedure for complete inactivation of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent, Archives of Virology, 119, 297, 10.1007/BF01310679 TAMAI, 1988, Inactivation of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent, Annals of Neurology, 24, 466, 10.1002/ana.410240326 TATEISHI, 1988, Inactivation of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent, Annals of Neurology, 24, 466, 10.1002/ana.410240325 TATEISHI, 1991, Practical methods for chemical inactivation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease pathogen, Microbiology and Immunology, 35, 163, 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1991.tb01544.x TAYLOR, 1986, Decontamination of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent, Annals of Neurology, 20, 749, 10.1002/ana.410200621 TAYLOR, 1991, Spongiform encephalopathies, Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 17, 345, 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1991.tb00731.x TAYLOR, 1991, Resistance of the ME7 scrapie agent to peracetic acid, Veterinary Microbiology, 27, 19, 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90059-O TAYLOR, 1993, Inactivation of SE agents, British Medical Bulletin, 49, 810, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072648 TAYLOR, 1995, Survival of mouse-passaged bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent after exposure to paraformaldehyde-lysine-periodate and formic acid, Veterinary Microbiology, 44, 111, 10.1016/0378-1135(94)00114-C TAYLOR, D. M. 1996, Transmissible subacute spongiform encephalopathies: practical aspects of agent inactivation. Transmissible Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathies: Prion Disease. IIIrd International Symposium on Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathies: Prion Diseases, L. CourtD. Dodet, 479, 482. TAYLOR, 1999, Transmissible degenerative encephalopathies, 222 TAYLOR, 1999, Inactivation of prions by physical and chemical means, Journal of Hospital Infection, 43, S69, 10.1016/S0195-6701(99)90067-1 TAYLOR, 1993, Prevention of iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Lancet, 341, 1543, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90689-E TAYLOR, 1996, The response of the 22A strain of scrapie agent to microwave irradiation compared with boiling, Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 22, 256, 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1996.tb00902.x TAYLOR, 1988, Autoclaving does not decontaminate formol-fixed scrapie tissues, Lancet, i, 1463, 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92276-3 TAYLOR, 1994, Decontamination studies with the agents of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie, Archives of Virology, 139, 313, 10.1007/BF01310794 TAYLOR, 1996, The effect of dry heat on the ME7 strain of scrapie agent, Journal of General Virology, 77, 3161, 10.1099/0022-1317-77-12-3161 TAYLOR, 1997, Inactivation of the 22A strain of scrapie agent by autoclaving in sodium hydroxide, Veterinary Microbiology, 58, 87, 10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00103-X TAYLOR, 1997, The effect of formic acid on BSE and scrapie infectivity in fixed and unfixed brain-tissue, Veterinary Microbiology, 58, 167, 10.1016/S0378-1135(97)00165-X TAYLOR, 1998, Observations on thermostable populations of of the unconventional agents that cause transmissible degenerative encephalopathies, Veterinary Microbiology, 64, 33, 10.1016/S0378-1135(98)00257-0 TAYLOR, 1998, Solvent extraction as an adjunct to rendering; the effect on BSE and scrapie agents of hot solvents, followed by dry heat and steam, Veterinary Record, 143, 6, 10.1136/vr.143.1.6 TAYLOR, 1999, Boiling in sodium hydroxide inactivates mouse-passaged BSE agent, Abstracts of a Meeting of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers TAYLOR, 1999, Survival of scrapie agent after exposure to sodium dodecyl sulphate and heat, Veterinary Microbiology, 67, 13, 10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00026-7 WALKER, 1983, Conditions for the chemical and physical inactivation of the K.Fu. strain of the agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, American Journal of Public Health, 73, 661, 10.2105/AJPH.73.6.661 WILSON, D. R. 1955, Unpublished work cited by Dickinson, A.G.