Heavy metal concentration and its distribution analysis in urban road dust: A case study from most populated city of Indian state of Uttarakhand

Al-Shayeb, 2001, Heavy metal content of roadside soils along ringroad in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Asian J. Chem., 13, 407 Amato, 2009, Spatial and chemical patterns of PM10 in road dust deposited in urban environment, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1650, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.009 Ambade, 2021, Characterization, seasonal variation, source apportionment and health risk assessment of black carbon over an urban region of East India, Urban Climate, 38 Artaxo, 1999, Aerosol composition and source apportionment in Santiago de Chile, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Phys. Res. Section B: Beam Interactions with Mater. Atoms, 150, 409, 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)01078-7 Atiemo, 2012, Levels and sources of heavy metal contaminationin road dust in selected major highways of Accra, Ghana.X-Ray Spectrometry, 41, 105, 10.1002/xrs.2374 Banerjee, 2003, Heavy metal levels and solid phase speciation in street dusts of Delhi, India. Envirol. Pollut., 123, 95, 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00337-8 Bhattacharya, 2013, Zinc and Chromium load in road dust, suspended particulate matter and foliar dust deposits of Anand city, Gujarat. Open J. metal, 3, 42, 10.4236/ojmetal.2013.32A1006 Bian, 2009, Particle size distribution and pollutants in road-deposited sediments in different areas of Zhenjiang, China. Environ. Geochem. Health., 31, 511, 10.1007/s10653-008-9203-8 Charlesworth, 2003, A comparative study of heavy metal concentration and distribution in deposited street dusts in a large and a small urban area: Birmingham and Coventry, West Midlands, UK, Environ. Int, 29, 563, 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00015-1 Chatterjee, 1999, Determination of lead and other metals in a residential area of greater Calcutta, Sci. Total Environ., 227, 175, 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00026-1 Chen, 2014, Metal contamination in campus dust of Xi'an, China: a study based on multivariate statistics and spatial distribution, Sci. Total Environ., 484, 27, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.026 Chen, 2015, Assessment of heavy metal pollution characteristics and human health risk of exposure to ambient PM2.5 in Tianjin, China. Particuol., 20, 104, 10.1016/j.partic.2014.04.020 Divrikli, 2006, Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 41, 712, 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01140.x Doabi, 2018, Pollution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soil, atmospheric dust and major food crops in Kermanshah province, Iran. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 163, 153, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.057 Duong, 2011, Determining contamination level of heavy metals in road dust from busy traffic areas with different characteristics, J. Environ. Manag., 92, 554, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.010 Gabriel, 2020, Ecological risks of metal and metalloid contamination in the Rio Doce estuary, Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag., 16, 655, 10.1002/ieam.4250 Garnaud, 1999, Heavy metal concentrations in dry and wet atmospheric deposits in Paris district: comparison with urban runoff, Sci. Total Environ., 235, 235, 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00199-0 Gautam, 2021, Vertical profiling of atmospheric air pollutants in rural India: a case study on particulate matter (PM10/PM2.5/PM1), carbon dioxide, and formaldehyde, Measurement, 185, 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110061 Gautam, 2021, Investigations on the relationship among lightning, aerosol concentration, and meteorological parameters with specific reference to the wet and hot humid tropical zone of the southern parts of India, Environ. Technol. Innov., 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101414 Chelani A., Gautam S. 2021. Lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic: a case study from Indian cities shows insignificant effects on urban air quality. Geoscience Frontiers. (doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101284). Gautam, 2021, Vertical profiling of atmospheric air pollutants in rural India: a case study on particulate matter (PM10/PM2.5/PM1), carbon dioxide, and formaldehyde, Measurement, 185, 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110061 Gautam, 2020, Spatio-temporal variation in the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter: a study in fourth largest urban agglomeration in India, Environ. Technol. Inno., 17 Gautam, 2016, A review on recent progress in observations, sources, classification and regulations of PM2.5 in Asian environments, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 21165, 10.1007/s11356-016-7515-2 Gautam, 2019, Status and chemical characteristics of ambient PM2.5 pollutions in China: a review, Environ. Sustain. Develop., 21, 1649, 10.1007/s10668-018-0123-1 Gollakota, 2021, Bioaerosols: characterization, pathways, sampling strategies, and challenges to geo-environment and health, Gondwana Res., 99, 178, 10.1016/j.gr.2021.07.003 Gowd, 2010, Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao industrial areas of the Ganga plain, Uttar Pradesh, India, J. Hazard Mater., 174, 113, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.024 Gulson, 2006, Changes in manganese and lead in the environment and young children associated with the introduction of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in gasoline—Preliminary results, Environ. Res., 100, 100, 10.1016/j.envres.2005.03.013 Hakanson, 1980, An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach, Water Res., 14, 975, 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8 Hassan, 2012, Metal concentrations and distribution in the household, stairs and entryway dust of some Egyptian homes, Atmos. Environ., 54, 207, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.013 Howe, 2004 Humbal, 2018, A review on recent progress in observations, and health effects of bioaerosols, Environ. Int., 118, 189, 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.053 Ibanez, 2010, House-dust metal content and bioaccessibility: a review, Eur. J. Mineral., 22, 629, 10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2010 Jayarathne, 2018, Evaluation of levels, sources and health hazards of road-dust associated toxic metals in Jalalabad and Kabul cities, Afghanistan Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 74, 32, 10.1007/s00244-017-0475-9 Jin, 2019, Assessment of sources of heavy metals in soil and dust at children's playgrounds in Beining using GIS and multivariate statistical anaysis, Enviro Int, 124, 320, 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.024 Jorfi, 2017, Pollution load index for heavy metals in Mian-Ab plain soil, Khuzestan, Iran, Data in Brirf, 15, 584, 10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.017 Kakkar, 2005, Biological markers for metal toxicity, Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 19, 335, 10.1016/j.etap.2004.09.003 Kuhad, 1989, Background levels of heavy metals in agricultural soils of indogangetic plains of Haryana, J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 37, 700 Li, 2018, Anthropogenic impact and ecological risk assessment of thallium and cobalt in Poyang lake using the geochemical baseline, Water (Switzerland), 10, 1703 Lin, 2015, Pollution distribution and health risk assessment of heavy metals in indoor dust in Anhui rural, China. Environ. Monit. Assess., 187, 565, 10.1007/s10661-015-4763-4 Lough, 2005, Emissions of metals associated with motor vehicle roadways, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 826, 10.1021/es048715f Lu, 2017, Risk assessment of heavy metals in finer than 63–μm dust particles from various functional areas in Xi'an, China, Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 10, 907, 10.1007/s11869-017-0480-1 Ma, 2016, Source identification and risk assessment of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils of Changsha, a mine-impacted city in Southern China, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 17058, 10.1007/s11356-016-6890-z Masih, 2019, Chemical characterization of sub-micron particles in indoor and outdoor air at two different microenvironments in the western part of India, SN Appl. Sci., 1, 165, 10.1007/s42452-019-0164-6 Mathur, 2016, Assessment of heavy metal contamination of road dusts from industrial areas of Hyderabad, India, Environ. Monit. Assess., 188, 514, 10.1007/s10661-016-5496-8 Meharg, 2003, Arsenic contamination of Bangladesh paddy field soils: implications for rice contribution to arsenic consumption, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 229, 10.1021/es0259842 Nazzal, 2013, Assessment of metal pollution in urban road dusts from selected highways of the greater Toronto area in Canada, Environ. Monit. Assess, 185, 1847, 10.1007/s10661-012-2672-3 Nelson, 2012, Racette. Research capacity development in South African manganese mines to bridge exposure and neuropathologic outcomes, Neurotoxicology, 27, 315 Ozaki, 2004, Investigation of the heavy metal sources in relation to automobiles, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 157, 209, 10.1023/B:WATE.0000038897.63818.f7 Pant, 2013, Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: a review, Atmos Environ., 77, 78, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.028 Pourkhabbaz, 2012, Investigation of toxic metals in the tobacco of different Iranian cigarette brands and related health issues, Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci., 15, 636 Prabhu, 2019, Exposure to atmospheric particulates and associated respirable deposition dose to street vendors at the residential and commercial sites in Dehradun city, Saf. Health Work, 10, 237, 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.01.005 Rajaram, 2014, Heavy metals contamination in road dust in Delhi City, India. Environ. Earth Sci., 72, 3929, 10.1007/s12665-014-3281-y Rehman, 2020, Characterizing pollution indices and children health risk assessment of potentiall toxic metal(oid)s in school dust of Lahore, Pakistan. Ecotoxicol. Enviro. Saf., 190 Roy, 2019, Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in road dust in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 26, 30413, 10.1007/s11356-019-06216-5 Saint’ Pierre, 2004, Determination of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Tl in gasoline as emulsion by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with analyte addition and isotope dilution calibration techniquesSpectrochim, Acta B, 59, 551 Santos-Frances, 2017, Geochemical background and baseline values determination and spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in soils of the andes mountain range (Cajamarca-Huancavelica, Peru), Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., 14, 859, 10.3390/ijerph14080859 Shen, 2019, Contamination evaluation and source identification of heavy metals in the sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., 16, 336, 10.3390/ijerph16030336 Shilton, 2005, Magnetic properties of urban street dust and their relationship with organic matter content in the West Midlands, UK. Atmos. Environ., 39, 3651, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.005 Smolders, 2002, Fate and effect of zinc from tire debris in soil, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3706, 10.1021/es025567p Soltani, 2015, Ecological and human healthhazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis, Iran. Sci. Total Environ., 505, 712, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.097 Suryawanshi, 2016, Determining heavy metal contamination of road dust in Delhi, India. Atmosfera, 29, 221 Thorpe, 2008, Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road traffic: a review, Sci Total Environ., 400, 270, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.007 Tomlinson, 1980, Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index, Helgol. Meeresunters., 33, 566, 10.1007/BF02414780 Trujillo-Gonzalez, 2016, Heavy metal accumulation related to population density in road dust samples taken from urban sites under different land uses, Sci. Total Environ., 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.101 Turekian, 1961, Distribution of the elements in somemajor units of the earth's crust, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72, 175, 10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2 1996, Soil screening guidance: technical background document. EPA/540/R-95/128, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Victoria, 2014, Heavy metals concentration in road dust in the Bolgatanga municipality, Ghana. J. Environ. Pollut. Hum. Health., 2, 74 Wang, 2019, Arsenic accumulation, distribution and source analysis of rice in a typical growing area in north China, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 167, 429, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.015 Wedephol, 1995, The composition of the continental crust, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 1217, 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00038-2 Xu, 2015, Ecological and health risk assessment of metal in resuspended particles of urban street dust from an industrial city in China, Curr. Sci., 108, 72 Yarahmadi, 2018, Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Pb, As and Cu) in sediments of Dohezar River, North of Iran, Tonekabon city, Acta Ecologica. Sinica., 38, 126, 10.1016/j.chnaes.2017.06.018 Yongming, 2006, Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contamination in urban dusts in Xi'an, Central China, Sci. Total Environ., 355, 176, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.026 Zhang, 2014, Potentially harmful metals and metalloids in urban street dusts of Urumqi City: comparison with Taipei City, J. Taiwan Insti. Chem. Eng., 45, 2447, 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.04.018 Zhou, 2015, Residents health risk of Pb, Cd and Cu exposure to street dust based on different particle sizes around zinc smelting plant, Northeast of China, Environ. Geochem. Health., 37, 207, 10.1007/s10653-014-9640-5