Prescription opioids and population cardiovascular mortality in US South female non-Hispanic whites
Tóm tắt
Recent ecological studies have demonstrated that mid-life mortality rates in US American Indians and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) have been rising for the past 20 years and are correlated with prescription opioid sales. The study hypothesis was that temporal correlations exist between annual hydrocodone and oxycodone sales and female NHW CV mortality rates in the Deep South USA. Six states in the Deep South were studied across the 2000–2017 timeframe: Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and South Carolina. Female NHW mortality rates in the 35–44-, 45–54-, and 55–64-, and 65–74-year-old groups were obtained from the CDC Wonder Detailed Mortality database. Hydrocodone and oxycodone sales data were obtained from the State Health Access Data Assistance Center database. Time-series datasets were graphed and analyzed using Spearman rank correlation testing, after second differencing to control for trend. A 1-year adjustment was made to accommodate a 1-year temporal lag of mortality behind opioid sales. Annual CV mortality in 35–44-year-old NHW females was not associated with annual opioid sales. Annual CV mortality in 45–54-year-old NHW females was correlated with hydrocodone sales [rs(13) 0.650; P = 0.009], oxycodone [rs(13) 0.454; P = 0.090], and combined hydrocodone–oxycodone [rs(13) 0.764; P = 0.001]. Annual cardiovascular mortality in 55–64-year-old NHW females was associated with hydrocodone sales [rs(13) 0.499; P = 0.059], oxycodone [rs(13) 0.561; P = 0.030], and combined hydrocodone–oxycodone [rs(13) 0.545; P = 0.036]. Annual CV mortality in 65–74-year-old NHW females was associated with oxycodone [rs(13) 0.696; P = 0.004]. At the population level, prescription opioid sales are temporally correlated with cardiovascular mortality rates in NHW females of the Deep South.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Barbieri M et al (2015) Data resource profile: the Human Mortality Database (HMD). Int J Epidemiol 44:1549–1556
Brandenburg MA (2019) American Indian midlife mortality is increasing in Oklahoma: a 1999–2016 time-series study. J Okla State Med Assoc 112:303–306
Case A, Deaton A (2015) Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among White Non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:15078–15083
Woolf SH, Schoomaker H (2019) Life expectancy and mortality rates in the United States, 1959–2017. J Am Med Assoc 322:1996–2016
Brandenburg MA (2019) Prescription opioids are associated with population mortality in US Deep South Middle-Age Non-hispanic Whites: an Ecological Time Series Study. Front Public Health Epidemiol Sect 7:1–11
Brandenburg MA (2019) Oklahoma American Indian 45–54-year-old population mortality and medicaid opioid spending: comparing 1999–2008 trends. Toxicol Environ Health Sci 11:185–189
CDC Women and Heart Disease (2018) https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/women.htm
CDC 24/7: Saving Lives, Protecting People (2016) https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/prescribing/overview.html
Zheng H, George LK (2018) Does medical expansion improve population health? J Health Soc Behav 59:113–132
Khodneva Y, Muntner P, Kertesz S, Kissela B, Safford MM (2016) Prescription opioid use and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular death among adults from a prospective cohort (REGARDS Study). Pain Med 17:444–455
CDC Wonder Underlying Cause of Death, 1999–2017 Request. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018). https://wonder.cdc.gov/controller/datarequest/D76
SHADAC Analysis of [U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System (ARCOS) Retail Drug Summary Reports], State Health Compare, SHADAC, University of Minnesota, statehealthcompare.shadac.org (2018)