Water functionalized CuO nanoparticles filled in a partially heated trapezoidal cavity with inner heated obstacle: FEM approach

Fetecau, 2017, Natural convection flow of fractional nanofluids over an isothermal vertical plate with thermal radiation, Appl. Sci., 7, 247, 10.3390/app7030247 Al-Mdallal, 2011, The extended homotopy perturbation method and boundary layer flow due to condensation and natural convection on a porous vertical plate, Int. J. Comput. Math., 88, 3535, 10.1080/00207160.2011.606905 Perić, 1993, Natural convection in trapezoidal cavities, Numer. Heat Transfer, Part A: Appl., 24, 213, 10.1080/10407789308902614 Iyi, 2015, Natural convection flow and heat transfer in an enclosure containing staggered arrangement of blockages, Procedia Eng., 105, 176, 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.033 Prasad, 1984, Convective heat transfer in a rectangular porous cavity—effect of aspect ratio on flow structure and heat transfer, J. Heat Transfer, 106, 158, 10.1115/1.3246629 Wu, 2017, Numerical simulation of natural convection in an inclined porous cavity under time-periodic boundary conditions with a partially active thermal side wall, RSC Adv., 7, 17519, 10.1039/C6RA28333K Aparna, 2017, Investigations on the effect of non-uniform temperature on fluid flow and heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity filled with porous media, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 108, 63, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.11.083 Maxwell, 1873 Choi, 1995, Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles, developments and applications of non-Newtonian flows, ASME FED, 105, 231 Keblinski, 2002, Mechanisms of heat flow in suspensions of nano-sized particles (nanofluids), Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 45, 855, 10.1016/S0017-9310(01)00175-2 Aman, 2017, Heat transfer enhancement in free convection flow of CNTs Maxwell nanofluids with four different types of molecular liquids, Sci. Rep., 7, 2445, 10.1038/s41598-017-01358-3 Aman, 2017, Magnetic field effect on Poiseuille flow and heat transfer of carbon nanotubes along a vertical channel filled with Casson fluid, AIP Adv., 7, 015036, 10.1063/1.4975219 Boulahia, 2016, Mixed convection heat transfer of Cu-water nanofluid in a lid driven square cavity with several heated triangular cylinders, Int. J. Innovat. Appl. Stud., 17, 82 Haq, 2017, Thermal management of water based SWCNTs enclosed in a partially heated trapezoidal cavity via FEM, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 112, 972, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.05.041 Selimefendigil, 2017, Analysis of mixed convection of nanofluid in a 3D lid-driven trapezoidal cavity with flexible side surfaces and inner cylinder, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 87, 40, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.06.015 Alinia, 2011, Numerical study of mixed convection in an inclined two-sided lid-driven cavity filled with nanofluid using two-phase mixture model, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 38, 1428, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.08.003 Sheikholeslami, 2017, Melting heat transfer influence on nanofluid flow inside a cavity in existence of magnetic field, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 114, 517, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.06.092 Sheikholeslami, 2017, Mesoscopic method for MHD nanofluid flow inside a porous cavity considering various shapes of nanoparticles, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 113, 106, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.05.054 Talebi, 2010, Numerical study of mixed convection flows in a square lid-driven cavity utilizing nanofluid, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer, 37, 79, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.08.013 Boulahia, 2016, Numerical investigation of mixed convection heat transfer of nanofluid in a lid driven square cavity with three triangular heating blocks, Int. J. Comput. Appl., 143, 37 Ben-Cheikh, 2013, Natural convection of water-based nanofluids in a square enclosure with non-uniform heating of the bottom wall, J. Mod. Phys., 4, 147, 10.4236/jmp.2013.42021 Esfe, 2016, Natural convection in a trapezoidal enclosure filled with carbon nanotube–EG–water nanofluid, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 92, 76, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.08.036 Job, 2017, Mixed convection nanofluid flows through a grooved channel with internal heat generating solid cylinders in the presence of an applied magnetic field, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 107, 133, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.11.021 Kareem, 2016, Unsteady simulations of mixed convection heat transfer in a 3D closed lid-driven cavity, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 100, 121, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.04.073 Soomro, 2018, Heat transfer analysis of CuO-water enclosed in a partially heated rhombus with heated square obstacle, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 118, 773, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.11.043 Ismael, 2017, Mixed convection in a square cavity filled with CuO-water nanofluid heated by corner heater, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 133, 42, 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.08.029 Khan, 2013, MHD Falkner-Skan flow with mixed convection and convective boundary conditions, Walailak J. Sci. Technol. (WJST), 10, 517 Sokolov, 2014, An AFC-stabilized implicit finite element method for partial differential equations on evolving-in-time surfaces, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 289, 101, 10.1016/j.cam.2015.03.002 Ahmed, 2015, A note on convective heat transfer of an MHD Jeffrey fluid over a stretching sheet, AIP Adv., 5, 117117, 10.1063/1.4935571 Aziz, 2015, Travelling wave solutions for the unsteady flow of a third grade fluid induced due to impulsive motion of flat porous plate embedded in a porous medium, J. Mech., 30, 527, 10.1017/jmech.2014.17 Ali, 2016, Analytic and numerical solutions for axisymmetric flow with partial slip, Eng. Comput., 32, 149, 10.1007/s00366-015-0405-2 Usman, 2018, Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid through a permeable surface presence of nonlinear radiation and variable thermal conductivity via LSM, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 126, 1347, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.06.005 Soomro, 2018, Melting heat transfer analysis of Sisko fluid over a moving surface with nonlinear thermal radiation via collocation method, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 126, 1034, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.05.099 Usman, 2018, Shape effects of MoS2 nanoparticles on rotating flow of nanofluid along a stretching surface with variable thermal conductivity: a Galerkin Approach, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 124, 706, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.03.108 Usman, 2018, Thermal and velocity slip effects on Casson nanofluid flow over an inclined permeable stretching cylinder via collocation method, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 122, 1255, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.02.045 Haq, 2018, MHD natural convection flow enclosure in a corrugated cavity filled with a porous medium, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 121, 1168, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.01.063 Usman, 2018, Heat and fluid flow of water and ethylene-glycol based Cu-nanoparticles between two parallel squeezing porous disks: LSGM approach, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 123, 888, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.03.030 Haq, 2018, Heat transfer analysis of CuO-water enclosed in a partially heated rhombus with heated square obstacle, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 118, 773, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.11.043 Koo, 2004, A new thermal conductivity model for nanofluids, J. Nanopart. Res., 6, 577, 10.1007/s11051-004-3170-5 Maxwell, 1937 Brinkman, 1952, The viscosity of concentrated suspensions and solutions, J. Chem. Phys., 20, 10.1063/1.1700493 Jie Li, Computational analysis of nanofluid flow in microchannels with applications to micro-heat sinks and bio-MEMS, PhD Thesis NC State University, Raleigh, NC, the United States; 2008. Taylor, 1973, A numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations using the finite element technique, Comput. Fluids, 1, 73, 10.1016/0045-7930(73)90027-3